TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 10302:2014
PH GIA HOT TNH TRO BAY DNG CHO B TNG, VA XY V XI MNG
Activity admixture - Fly ash for concrete, mortar and cement
Li ni u
TCVN 10302:2014 do Hi cng nghip b tng Vit Nam bin son, B Xy dng ngh, Tng
cc Tiu chun o lng cht lng thm nh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh cng b.

PH GIA HOT TNH TRO BAY DNG CHO B TNG, VA XY V XI MNG

Activity admixture - Fly ash for concrete, mortar and cement
1. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny p dng cho ph gia khong hot tnh tro bay (sau y gi tt l tro bay) qua
cng ngh x l tuyn kh hoc tuyn t dng cho b tng, va xy v xi mng.
CH THCH: C th s dng trc tip tro bay cha tuyn, nu cht lng ph hp tiu chun
ny.
2. Ti liu vin dn
Cc ti liu vin dn sau y l cn thit khi p dng tiu chun ny. i vi cc ti liu vin dn
ghi nm cng b th p dng bn c nu. i vi cc ti liu vin dn khng ghi nm cng b
th p dng phin bn mi nht, bao gm c cc sa i, b sung (nu c).
TCVN 141:2008, Xi mng - Phng php phn tch ha hc.
TCVN 6882:2001, Ph gia khong cho xi mng.
TCVN 8262:2009, Tro bay - Phng php phn tch ha hc.
TCVN 8825:2011, Ph gia khong cho b tng m ln.
TCVN 8826:2011, Ph gia ha hc cho b tng.
TCVN 8827:2011, Ph gia khong hot tnh cao dng cho b tng v va - Silicafume v tro tru
nghin mn.
3. Thut ng, nh ngha
Trong tiu chun ny s dng cc thut ng v nh ngha sau:
3.1. Tro bay (Fly ash)
Loi thi phm bi mn thu c ti b phn lng bi kh thi ca nh my nhit in t qu trnh
t than.
3.2. Tro tuyn (Fly ash selected)
Tro bay qua cng ngh x l tuyn kh hoc tuyn t loi bt thnh phn khng mong
mun, nhm nng cao thnh phn cht lng hu ch trong s dng.
3.3. Tro axit (Acid ash) - F
Tro bay thu c t t than nh my nhit in, trong hm lng canxi oxit n 10 %.
3.4. Tro baz (Basic ash) - C
Tro bay thu c t t than nh my nhit in, trong hm lng canxi oxit ln hn 10 %.
4. Phn loi v k hiu
4.1. Theo thnh phn ha hc, tro bay c phn thnh 2 loi
4.1.1. Tro axit: tro c hm lng canxi oxit n 10 %, k hiu: F
4.1.2. Tro baz: tro c hm lng canxi oxit ln hn 10 %, k hiu: C
4.2. Theo mc ch s dng, tro bay c phn thnh 2 loi:
4.2.1. Tro bay dng cho b tng v va xy, bao gm 4 nhm lnh vc s dng, k hiu:
- Dng cho ch to sn phm v cu kin b tng ct thp t b tng nng v b tng nh, k
hiu: a;
- Dng cho ch to sn phm v cu kin b tng khng ct thp t b tng nng, b tng nh
v va xy, k hiu: b;
- Dng cho ch to sn phm v cu kin b tng t ong, k hiu: c;
- Dng cho ch to sn phm v cu kin b tng, b tng ct thp lm vic trong iu kin c
bit, k hiu: d.
V d: Fa - tro axit dng cho ch to sn phm v cu kin b tng ct thp
Cb - tro baz dng cho ch to sn phm v cu kin b tng khng ct thp.
4.2.2. Tro bay dng cho xi mng, k hiu: Xm
V d: FXm - tro axit dng cho ch to xi mng
CXm - tro baz dng cho ch to xi mng
5. Yu cu k thut
5.1. Tro bay dng cho b tng v va xy
Tro bay dng cho b tng v va xy cn p ng ch tiu cht lng quy nh ti Bng 1.
Bng 1 - Ch tiu cht lng tro bay dng cho b tng v va xy

Loi tro Lnh vc s dng - Mc

Ch tiu
bay a b c d

1. Tng hm lng xit SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3, F 70

% khi lng, khng nh hn C 45
2. Hm lng lu hunh, hp cht lu hunh F 3 5 3 3
tnh quy i ra SO3, % khi lng, khng ln
hn C 5 5 6 3

3. Hm lng canxi xit t do CaOtd, % khi F - - - -

lng, khng ln hn C 2 4 4 2

4. Hm lng mt khi nung MKN, % khi F 12 15 8* 5*

lng, khng ln hn C 5 9 7 5

5. Hm lng kim c hi (kim ha tan), % F

1,5
khi lng, khng ln hn C
F
6. m, % khi lng, khng ln hn 3
C

7. Lng st sng 45m, % khi lng, khng F

25 34 40 18
ln hn C

8. Lng nc yu cu so vi mu i chng, F
105 105 100 105
%, khng ln hn C

9. Hm lng ion Cl-, % khi lng, khng ln F

0,1 - - 0,1
hn C
10. Hot phng x t nhin Aeff, (Bq/kg)
ca tro bay dng:
- i vi cng trnh nh v cng cng, khng
370
ln hn
- i vi cng trnh cng nghip, ng th
740
v khu dn c, khng ln hn
* Khi t than Antraxit, c th s dng tro bay vi hm lng mt khi nung tng ng: - lnh vc
c ti 12 %; lnh vc d ti 10 %, theo tha thun hoc theo kt qu th nghim c chp nhn.
5.2. Tro bay dng cho xi mng
Tro bay dng cho xi mng cn p ng ch tiu cht lng quy nh ti Bng 2.
Bng 2 - Cc ch tiu k thut ca tro bay dng cho xi mng
Mc
Ch tiu Tro axit Tro baz
F C
1. Hm lng mt khi nung (MKN), % khi lng, khng ln hn 8* 6
2. Hm lng SO3, % khi lng, khng ln hn 3,5 5
3. Hm lng CaOtd, % khi lng, khng ln hn 1,0 3,0
4. Hm lng kim c hi (kim ha tan), % khi lng, khng
1,5
ln hn
5. m, % khi lng, khng ln hn 1,0
6. Ch s hot tnh cng i vi xi mng sau 28 ngy so vi
75
mu i chng, %, khng nh hn
7. Hot phng x t nhin Aeff, (Bq/kg) ca tro bay, khng ln
370
hn
* Khi t than antraxit, c th s dng tro bay vi hm lng mt khi nung ti 12% theo tha
thun hoc theo kt qu th nghim c chp nhn
6. Phng php th
6.1. C l v ly mu
6.1.1. C l
Tro bay cng chng loi, cng cp cht lng lnh vc s dng c tinh ch theo cng quy
trnh cng ngh v vi c quy m cung cp lin tc 300 tn/ln, c coi l 1 l sn phm.
Trng hp cung cp khng 300 tn/ln th vn coi nh l 1 l .
L sn phm c nh gi nghim thu theo Ph lc B.
6.1.2. Ly mu
Mu th i din cho l sn phm c to thnh t khng t hn 5 mu n ly ngu nhin ti
cc im khc nhau trong l sn phm. Khi lng mi mu n khng nh hn 2 kg/mu. Cc
mu n c trn hp nht ng u s b v sau c a vo thit b gia cng mu theo
phng php chia t trong phng th nghim ly ra 2 phn:
- Mt phn a th nghim kim tra xc nh ngay cc ch tiu cht lng;
- Phn cn li lu khi cn kim tra li.
Khi lng mi phn mu phi m bo p ng th ton din cc ch tiu theo quy nh ti
Bng 1 v Bng 2.
6.2. Chun b mu
Theo TCVN 6882:2001.
6.3. Xc nh tng hm lng cc xit SiO2 + AI2O3 + Fe2O3
Theo TCVN 8262:2009.
6.4. Xc nh hm lng SO3
Theo TCVN 141:2008
6.5. Xc nh hm lng CaOtd
Theo TCVN 141:2008
6.6. Xc nh hm lng mt khi nung
Theo TCVN 8262:2009
6.7. Xc nh hm lng kim c hi
Theo TCVN 6882:2001
6.8. Xc nh m
Theo TCVN 8262:2009
6.9. Xc nh mn theo lng st trn sng 45m
Theo ph lc A ca TCVN 8827:2011
6.10. Xc nh lng nc yu cu
Theo TCVN 8825:2011
6.11. Xc nh hm lng ion Clo (Cl-)
Theo ph lc E ca TCVN 8826:2011
6.12. Xc nh hot phng x t nhin
Theo Ph lc A
6.13. Xc nh ch s hot tnh cng
Theo TCVN 6882:2001
7. Bao gi, ghi nhn, vn chuyn v bo qun
7.1. Bao gi
Tro bay c th ng bao hoc ri.
- Khi lng bao l 25 kg, 50 kg vi mc sai s khi lng cho php l 2 % hoc ng bch khi
lng l 01 tn vi mc sai s khi lng cho php l 0,5 %.
- Tro bay c cp di dng ri vo cc bn hoc thng cha thch hp.
7.2. Ghi nhn
Trn v bao, bch tro bay phi ghi y cc thng tin sau:
- Tn a ch c s sn xut, cung cp
- Loi, mc cht lng lnh vc s dng ph gia.
- Khi lng tnh, s hiu l, ngy sn xut ng thi xut km theo phiu kim tra cht lng
cho khch hng trong ghi cc kt qu th ch tiu cht lng theo tiu chun ny.
7.3. Vn chuyn v bo qun
Khi vn chuyn v bo qun, cn ring tro bay theo tng loi, cp cht lng v p dng cc
bin php phng nga trnh ln cc tp cht c hi v lm m, t sn phm. Tro bay c
bo qun trong cc xi l hoc nh kho c mi che.

Ph lc A
(Quy nh)
Phng php xc nh hot phng x t nhin ca tro bay
A.1. Nguyn tc
Hot phng x t nhin ca tro bay c o bng ph k Gamma, theo nguyn tc o cng
cc mc nng lng bc x Gama i din cho cc ht nhn phng x U (Ra), Th v K c
trong vt liu v so chng vi mu chun ca my o, t xc nh hot phng x ring ca
tro bay.
A.2. Thit b o ph k Gamma
A.2.1. Cu to, nguyn l hot ng
S nguyn l cu to ca h ph k Gamma c th hin Hnh 1

CH DN:
1 u o
2 Hp cao p
3 Khi tin khuch i v khuch i
4 Khi phn tch hin s
5 Vt o
Hnh 1 - S nguyn l cu to thit b ph k Gamma
H ph k gamma thch hp xc nh ch s hot phng x l ph k Gama s dng u
d nhp nhy Nal (TI) hoc cc loi u d khc c phn gii nng lng tt hn. u o (1)
l u d nhp nhy Nal (TI). Hp cao p (2) l ngun cp cao p cho u o. Bc x Gamma
pht ra t mu vt liu cn o (5) c u o (1) ghi nhn v c bin i thnh tn hiu in.
Tn hiu ny c khuch i khi tin khuch i v khuch i (3). Tip tn hiu s c
x k bn trong my phn loi vo mt trong 3 ca s nng lng i din cho nhn phng
x U (Ra), Th v K.
S dng phng php phn tch 3 thnh phn xc nh hot phng x ca cc nhn
phng x U (Ra), Th v K c trong mu o. Kt qu phn tch c hin th trong khi phn tch
hin s (4). Kt qu hin s l hot phng x ca cc nhn phng x U (Ra),Th v K (n v
Bq/kg).
A.2.2. Yu cu i vi thit b
H ph k Gamma phi m bo cc yu cu sau:
- Di nng lng bc x Gamma ghi nhn t 0,1 n 3 MeV (Mega electron volt)
- B cc mu chun hot phng x ca cc ht nhn phng x t nhin Ra-226, Th-232 v K-
40 c ng kim quc gia hoc quc t.
- Thit b o c kim tra ng kim quc gia ph hp vi chng ch o lng quc gia, c Quy
nh hng dn thc hin o v nh gi kt qu.
A.3. Tin hnh o
- Chun b thit b o theo quy nh hng dn vn hnh thit b. o kim tra hot ng ca
thit b vi mu chun, sai s gia 2 ln o khng vt 5%;
- Tin hnh o hot phng x t nhin theo Quy nh hng dn vn hnh thit b.
A.3.1. o ti hin trng
A.3.1.1. Phm vi p dng
Phng php hin trng dng nh gi s b hot phng x ring ca nguyn liu v
sn phm vt liu xy dng.
A.3.1.2. Cc v tr o
a) o vt liu ri ti kho, bi:
Ti cc ng liu hnh cn hay ng tri di: o theo chu vi mt ct ngang vi khong cch
khng ln hn 10 m, chiu cao ca mt ct ngang so vi y ng khng nh hn 1 m.
b) o vt liu xy dng ri trn phng tin vn chuyn: V tr o khong cch khng t hn 1
m cch thnh phng tin vn chuyn, s im o nh sau:
- Trn cc toa ng st: khng t hn 2 im/toa;
- Trn t: mt im gia thng xe;
- Trn tu thy: khng t hn 2 im dc theo trc tu.
c) o sn phm vt liu xy dng: To khi hnh hp ng 1,2 x 1,2m, cao 0,5 m t cc sn
phm hay chn cm sn phm (palet) c kch thc nu trn c xp c xt v o kim tra
gia mt trn ca ng sn phm .
A.3.1.3. Tin hnh o
t u o ca my o phng x vo im o trn b mt phng ca vt liu. B mt c coi l
phng khi kch thc li (lm) khng vt ng knh ca u o.
Lu :
- Ti mi im o tin hnh khng t hn 3 ln o lin tip v ly gi tr trung bnh;
- gim nh hng ca chiu x bn ngoi n cc kt qu o cn phi tin hnh o i
tng cch xa cc ta nh, kt cu, kho, bi vt liu v sn phm xy dng khc khng t hn
20m.
A.3.1.4. Tnh kt qu o
a) Xc nh gi tr ch s hot phng x theo cng thc
Aeff= ARa + 1,31ATh + 0,085AK (1)
trong :
Aeff l ch s hot phng x t nhin ca vt liu tro bay, n v Bq/kg;
ARa, ATh, AK l hot phng x ring phn cc nhn phng x U (Ra), Th v K ca mu, n v
Bq/kg.
b) Kt qu xc nh gi tr ch s hot phng x t nhin (Aeff) l gi tr cao nht t kt qu
tnh cc im kim tra ca l sn phm.
A.3.2. Phng php phng th nghim (phng php chun)
A.3.2.1. Phm vi p dng
Phng php phng th nghim dng xc nh hot phng x t nhin ca cc nhn
phng x (Ra-226, Th-232 v K-40) ca vt liu tro bay trong phng th nghim, c loi tr nh
hng ca phng phng x mi trng xung quanh.
A.3.2.2. Thit b, dng c
- My ph k Gamma ph hp vi quy nh ti mc A.2.2;
- Bnh ch gim phng phng x kch thc ph hp vi thit b o;
- B hp nha kch thc quy nh ph hp vi thit b o, c np ng mu vt liu;
- My kp hm nghin mu;
- Sng c kch thc l 0,5mm
- T sy, cho php sy n nhit 120 C;
- Cn k thut c chnh xc n 1g.
A.3.2.3. Kim tra, chun b v chun thit b o phng x o v tin hnh o theo Bn
quy trnh hng dn thc hin o.
A.3.2.4. Ly mu, chun b mu th v tin hnh o
- Xc nh hot phng x ca cc nhn phng x (Ra-226; Th-232 v K-40) trong vt liu vi
cc mu chn t cc mu i din;
- Mu i din c c bng cch trn u v chia t khng t hn 10 mu t cc im ly mu
nu trong mc A.3.1.2;
- Ty theo th tch hp cha ca thit b o phng x m ly khi lng mu i din t 2,5 n
10kg, mu c cho vo bao 2 lp, gia 2 lp t phiu ghi tn vt liu; tn c s gi mu, v tr
v ngy ly mu;
- Mu i din c ly khi nghim thu l sn phm ph hp cc quy nh hin hnh. Mu c
chun b bng cch p, nghin nh vt liu xy dng. Cho php s dng cc mnh vn c
c sau khi xc nh bn nn, un, ko sn phm hay cc mu c chun b ring;
- Mu c gia cng thnh bt c kch thc ht nh hn 0,5mm. Mu bt cn phi c ng
trong hp hoc ti kn;
- Cc mu i din ly theo quy nh trn c sy n khi lng khng i, sau cho vo
hp cha v cn xc nh khi lng;
- Cc hp cha c y kn, ghi nhn v lu trong phng trong khong thi gian theo bn quy
trnh hng dn cch o hot phng x quy nh nhm c s n nh hot phng x
ca cc ht nhn phng x;
- Cc hp c mu c ln lt a vo thit b o phng x v tin hnh o theo Quy trnh
hng dn o c ph duyt.
A.3.2.5. Tnh kt qu o
a) Kt qu o hot phng x ca cc nhn phng x (Ra-226; Th-232 v K-40) trong mu i
din l gi tr hot phng x ring trung bnh (Ajtb) ca mi ht nhn phng x (ARa, ATh, AK) t
nht 3 mu
n
1
A jtb
n A
i 1
ji (1)

trong
i = 1, 2....n; n l s mu
Aj (ARa, ATh, AK) l cc s o hot phng x ring ca cc nhn phng x (Ra-226, Th-232 v
K-40) tng ng.
lch bnh phng trung bnh (jtb) khi o c tnh theo cng thc

A
i 1
ji A jtb 2 (2)
jtb
n 1
Kt qu xc nh ch s hot phng x t nhin Aeff ca vt liu kim tra c xc nh theo
cng thc (1) trong : Aj = Ajtb + jtb

Ph lc B
(Tham kho)
Quy tc nghim thu
B.1. Quy nh chung
Tro bay phi c kim tra cc ch tiu yu cu k thut ti c s sn xut/cung cp, thng qua
cc th nghim nh k i vi sn phm.
B.2. Tn sut kim tra
Cc th nghim nh k c xc nh nh sau:
- Xc nh m, hm lng mt khi nung, mn theo lng st sng 45m th nghim
thng xuyn cho tng l sn phm.
- Xc nh hm lng tng SiO2 + AI2O3 + Fe2O3, hm lng SiO2, ch s hot tnh cng
sau 28 ngy so vi mu i chng: th nghim khng qu 1 thng/ ln.
- Xc nh hm lng lu hunh, hp cht lu hunh tnh quy i ra SO3, xc nh hm lng
CaOtd, hm lng kim c hi: th nghim khng qu 1 qu/ ln.
- Xc nh hot phng x t nhin: th nghim khng qu 1 nm/ ln.
- Khi thay i loi than v iu kin t phi th nghim ton din cc ch tiu yu cu k thut
trc khi cung cp s dng tro bay.
B.3. nh gi nghim thu
B.3.1. Tro bay dng cho b tng v va xy: Khi kt qu th nghim ph hp vi cc yu cu
k thut quy nh ti Bng 1. Cho php nh gi kt lun l sn phm t loi v cp cht lng
theo lnh vc s dng. Nu c bt k mt ch tiu no trong khng ph hp yu cu quy nh,
cho php th ln hai vi s lng mu mu th gp 2 ln so vi ln th u kim tra li ch
tiu khng ph hp. Nu kt qu th ln 2 vn khng ph hp mc quy nh th l sn phm
khng c nghim thu, phi tinh ch phn loi li.
B.3.2. Tro bay dng lm ph gia hot tnh cho xi mng: Kt qu th nghim kim tra c i
chiu vi cc yu cu quy nh ti Bng 2. nh gi nghim thu c thc hin tng t nh
im B.3.1.

MC LC
Li ni u
1. Phm vi p dng
2. Ti liu vin dn
3. Thut ng, nh ngha
4. Phn loi v k hiu
4.1. Theo thnh phn ha hc
4.2. Theo mc ch s dng
5. Yu cu k thut
5.1. Tro bay dng cho b tng v va xy
5.2. Tro bay dng cho xi mng
6. Phng php th
6.1. Phn l v ly mu
6.2. Chun b mu
6.3. Xc nh tng hm lng cc oxit SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3
6.4. Xc nh hm lng SO3
6.5. Xc nh hm lng CaOtd
6.6. Xc nh hm lng mt khi nung
6.7. Xc nh hm lng kim c hi
6.8. Xc nh m
6.9. Xc nh mn theo lng st trn sng 45 m
6.10. Xc nh lng nc yu cu
6.11. Xc nh hm lng ion CI-
6.12. Xc nh hot phng x t nhin
6.13. Xc nh ch s hot tnh cng
7. Bao gi, ghi nhn, vn chuyn v bo qun
7.1. Bao gi
7.2. Ghi nhn
7.3. Vn chuyn v bo qun
Ph lc A - Phng php xc nh hot phng x t nhin ca tro bay
Ph lc B - Quy tc nghim thu