Solution of Exercise 7.

EX.10
Let
u = sin1 x
Then,
x = sinu
and
1
sin xdx = udsinu

Integrating by parts,we get

udsinu = usinu cosudu = usinu sinu + C

So
sin1 xdx = usinu sinu + C = xsin1 x x + C

EX.15
Integrating by parts,we get

1
(lnx) dx = x(lnx) x 2(lnx) dx = x(lnx) 2 (lnx)dx
2 2 2
x
and

1
(lnx)dx = xlnx x dx = xlnx 1dx = xlnx x + C
x
Then

(lnx)2 dx = x(lnx)2 2 (xlnx x) + C = x(lnx)2 2xlnx + 2x + C

1
EX.17
We can observe the below.

1 2 1
e sin 3d = sin 3 de =
2
sin 3de2
2 2
Then integrating by parts,we get

sin 3de = e sin 3 3 cos 3 e2 d
2 2

Integrating by parts again,

1 2 3 2
3 cos 3e d = 3 e cos 3d = 3 cos 3 de = (e cos 3 e2 (3) sin 3d)
2 2
2 2

3 2 9
= e cos 3 + e2 sin 3d
2 2
So

1 1 2
2
e sin 3d = sin 3de = (e sin 3 3 cos 3 e2 d)
2
2 2

1 2 3 2 9 2 1 2 3 2 9
= (e sin 3 e cos 3 e sin 3d) = e sin 3 e cos 3 e2 sin 3d
2 2 2 2 4 4
9
2
Put 4 e sin 3d to left hand

13 1 3
e2 sin 3d = e2 sin 3 e2 cos 3 + C
4 2 4
Hence
2 2 3
e2 sin 3d = e sin 3 e2 cos 3 + C
13 13

EX.26
Integrating by parts,we get
9 9 9
lny 1
dy = lny2d y = 2( ylny |y=4
y=9
y dy) = (2 ylny4 y) |y=9
y=4
4 y 4 4 y

= 12ln3 8ln2 4

2
EX.36
t t t
e sin(t s)ds =
s
sin(t s)de = e sin(t s)
s s
|t0 + es cos(t s)ds
0 0 0
t
1
s
= (e sin(ts)+e cos(ts)) s
es sin(ts)ds = (es sin(ts)+es cos(ts)) |s=t
|s=t
s=0 s=0
0 2
1 1 1
= et sin t cos t
2 2 2

EX.41
Let y = 1 + x.
Replace x with y and integrate by part,

1
xln(1+x)dx = (y1)lnydy = ylnydy lnydy = lny dy 2 ylny+y
2

1 2 1 1 1 1
= y lny y 2 dy ylny + y = y 2 lny y 2 ylny + y + C
2 2 y 2 4
1 1
= (1 + x)2 ln(1 + x) (1 + x)2 (1 + x)ln(1 + x) + (1 + x) + C
2 4

EX.49
(a)
We use the equation in Example 6

2 1 x= n1 2 n1 2
sin xdx = cosxsinn1 x |x=02 +
n n2
sin xdx = sinn2 xdx
0 n n 0 n 0

(b)

2
3 2 2 2
sin xdx = sin32 xdx =
0 3 0 3

2 4 2 4 2
5
sin xdx = sin3 xdx =
0 5 0 5 3

3
(c)
For n = 1
2
2n+1
2 2
sin xdx = sin3 xdx =
0 0 3
,its true.
Assume it holds when n = k.
That is,

2 2 4 6 2k
sin2k+1 xdx =
0 3 5 7 (2k + 1)
Then for n = k + 1 ,by(a)

2
2k+3 2k + 2 2 2 4 6 (2k + 2)
sin xdx = sin2k+1 xdx =
0 2k + 3 0 3 5 7 (2k + 3)

Hence, it holds for n = k + 1.

By mathematical induction, this has completely been proved now.

EX.55
By Exercise 51,

(lnx) dx = x(lnx) 3 (lnx) dx = x(lnx) 3x(lnx) +6 (lnx)21 dx
3 3 31 3 2

= x(lnx)3 3x(lnx)2 + 6xlnx 6x + C

.

EX.56
By Exercise 52,

x e dx = x e 4 x e dx = x e 4x e +12 x e dx = x e 4x e +12x e 24 xex dx
4 x 4 x 3 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 4 x 3 x 2 x

= x e 4x e +12x e 24xe +24
4 x 3 x 2 x x
ex dx = x4 ex 4x3 ex +12x2 ex 24xex +24ex +C

4
EX.72
(a)
Since for x [0, 2 ]

sin2n+2 x sin2n+1 x sin2n x,

we can get this inequation

2 2 2
sin 2n+2
xdx sin 2n+1
xdx sin2n xdx
0 0 0

Therefore,
I2n+2 I2n+1 I2n

(b)
By Exercise 49(a),

2
2n+2 2n + 1 2 2n + 1
I2n+2 = sin xdx = sin2n xdx = I2n
0 2n + 2 0 2n + 2
Then
I2n+2 2n + 1
=
I2n 2n + 2

(c)
By(a),divede the inequation in (a) by I2n .
Then
I2n+2 I2n+1
1
I2n I2n
Use the equation in (b)

2n + 1 I2n+2 I2n+1
= 1
2n + 2 I2n I2n

(d)
First,observe the question in (c).
Then you will find the left hand side can be replaced with limn ( I2n+1
I2n
2 ).

5
By the Squeeze Theorem in page105 and (c),
we have
I2n+1
limn = 1.
I2n
Hence
2 2 4 4 6 6 2n 2n I2n+1
limn = limn ( )= .
1 3 3 5 5 7 2n 1 2n + 1 I2n 2 2

(e)
Define the ratio of width to height of the nth rectangle be rn nthheight nthwidth

Observe the table and you will see the relation between rn and (d).
nth-area 5 6 2n + 1 2n + 2
Width 4 32
6 5 3
4 2
2n42
(2n1)31
(2n+2)2n42
(2n+1)(2n1)31
height
5 3
4 2

5 3
4 2
(2n+1)(2n1)31
2n42
(2n+1)(2n1)31
2n42
rn
2 2 4 4
1 3 3 5

2 2 4 4 6
1 3 3 5 5
12 23 2n1
2n
2n+1
2n
2n1
2 2
1 3
2n
2n+1
2n
2n+2
2n+1

Since (d), the limit of r2n+1 exists and is equal to 2 .
i.e.

limn r2n+1 =
2
And by the limit laws in page 99,
2n + 2
limn r2n+2 = limn r2n+1 limn =
2n + 1 2
So

limn rn =
2