GPPM 22 PDF

ASSIGNMENT II
(Construction Quality Management)
NICMAR / CODE OFFICE
1. Name - Arvind K
2. Reg. No. - 214-04-11-12192-2163
3. Course No. - NCP 27
4. Course Title - Construction Quality Management
5. Assignment No. - Two
6. Date of Dispatch -
Page 1
ASSIGNMENT
You have been selected as a project manager for a prestigious high

rise building in Mumbai which will be housing very rich personalities from
industry and film world.
Your company management has asked you to formalize Quality
Management System (QMS) for interior finishes, plumbing and prevention
of rain water seepage so that the overall quality standard and image of
company is raised.
Purpose:
The purpose of this document i.e. Quality Assurance Plan is to

establish work methodology for Quality Control and Material engineering for
Construction of High Rise Building in Mumbai for very rich personalities
from industry and film world.
The procedure will outline the methods that will be used in line with
the National Building Codes, Local building codes Specifications for Building
works and the Technical Specifications as per the requirements of the
Engineer or his representatives.
The methodology also defines the standards of workmanship and
requirements for materials necessary for the work.
Scope:
This procedure is applicable to all engineers, workmen, supervisors,

inspectors and quality control personnel engaged in the works for the
Construction of High rise residential apartments in Mumbai. It intends to
correlate and control the tasks pertaining to Quality Control and Materials
testing in compliance with the requirements.
Page 2
Quality management System
Quality management system refers to all plans, processes and
activities that are developed to achieve the intended degree of
conformance in the design and execution of any project. The QMS concept
focuses attention of the following specific aspects of construction
processes.
1. Construction is a one time activity. It affords no second chance of
modification, repair or rejection once the construction work is
completed. There is no scope for catching the defects after the
construction is over. Therefore quality consciousness, skill and
workers are essential in achieving quality. Training, motivation and
commitment are the primary requirement of quality construction.
2. With the increase in complexity and the size of construction
operations, the responsibility for ensuring quality has gradually
shifted from the worker to supervisor of inspection and later to the
quality control department. This
3. Trend has to be reversed if quality is the goal. Responsibility to
ensure quality has to be shifted back to the worker at site and his
supervisor.
4. It is a well known fact that the quality cannot be constructed. It has
to be designed into a project system. QMS therefore starts from the
design stage itself. Quality of design is the difference between

Page 3
various design of the project for achieving the same end use and the
most optimal design finally selected. Thus economy, quality and safety
are very closely interlinked in construction process.
5. Quality is expensive. Quality decisions are based on trade-offs
between cost of construction and the benefits derived from the
operations of facility. Once the decision is taken, it has to be backed
by appropriate staff strength, infrastructure and support services.
The management must therefore be committed to quality, participate
in all measures developed to achieve it and lend support to QMS
personnel.
6. QMS is the responsibility of the project authority. The owner or his
representative formulates the policy, determines the scope of quality
planning and management establishes the relationship between the
various participating organizations and delegates responsibility and
authority to them so that the quality objectives set by the owner are
achieved.
Quality Control:
Quality control refers to the technical processes that gather,
examine, analyze and report the projects progress and conformance with
the performance requirements. QC mainly relates to four basic functions:
1. Setting up of standards and specifications.
Page 4
2. Evaluating materials, processes and outputs through appropriate
tests, inspection etc.
3. Appraising failures to these standards and acting when standards are
not being adhered to.
4. Planning improvements in the standards and specifications.
Quality Control norms, techniques and procedures:
Inspection:
Once quality standards and other things are laid out inspection
becomes a routine matter. In any quality control programme actual
inspection and measurement is an un-detachable factor, which is to be
planned at properly to meet with the overall objective of the quality control.
Various stages of inspection should be determined. Some of such stages
could be following.
i. Material inspection at suppliers end.
ii. Material inspection at the stage of receipt.
iii. Material inspection at the stage of issue.
iv. Inspection of the process at the time of initial setting of
machine/equipment.
v. Inspection of trial run batch.
vi. Inspection while the execution is in progress.
vii. Inspection of the finished process.
viii. Inspection before erection and commissioning.
ix. Inspection of commissioning.

Page 5
x. Inspection of machines and equipment commissioned.
Having decided various stages of inspection and various quality
characteristics to be inspected it is also important to decide who will
inspect, when the inspection will be carried out, how many units will be
inspected, instruments to be used required approval for acceptance.
While planning such inspection activities it is also important to decide what
information is to be given to the inspector at the time of inspection. Some
of the basic information required is design specifications, product
specification, quality characteristics, quality standards and tolerances
available and the detailed inspection procedures.
For total quality control the following six phases are necessary (6Cs)
i. Comprehension - What is quality? It should be definable and
measurable
ii. Commitment - Clarity of concept and policies organizations for
it.
iii. Competence - Develop methods test procedures to evaluate
quality
understand the price conformance to quality.
iv. Communication - Create awareness, resolve conflicts, coordinate
activities,
Page 6
v. Correction - Solve problems for non conformance. They may be
due to lack of attention rather than lack of knowledge or lack of
facilities.
vi. Continuance - Maintain its importance and do not complacent
ensure exposure to sustained programme.
Quality control standards and specifications
The quality of construction depends upon right material used, the
correct methods followed and produce end product of acceptable
performance. Quality control attempts to ensure just that much. The means
of quality control are tests, inspection, supervision and analysis of data etc.
Quality tests are conducted in laboratories and inspection and supervision
are carried out on the site and the data analysis is done by experts in
office.
Specifications:
The project authorities prepare the process of working out
specifications of various facilities where concrete will be used. However,
the standards and specifications for concrete and its various ingredients
are universally standardized and they are required to be in conformity with
same. Indian standards IS for concrete and its basic ingredients viz.,
cement aggregates coarse and fine, water admixtures and various aspects of
Page 7
concreting, its placement and final acceptance should be as per IS
specifications.
Tests:
Tests are used to determine the various properties of the materials,
which help in their selection as well as for ascertaining the quality of final
product. The test results are compared with the prescribed standards and
specifications and judgements are arrived at. Proper methods of sampling,
prescribed procedures of testing, well qualified and trained personnel for
testing work and properly equipped laboratories are necessary.
What to test:
The manufactured goods such as cement and steel carry their
suppliers warrantee but this does not mean that they are not to be tested.
In case of materials like aggregate and water the properties may vary
widely over time and space and proper selection has to done to meet the
engineering requirements.
The raw materials are processed to obtain the final product. The processing
need to be tested and supervised carefully. Some intermediate process may
not be having tests and they cannot be tested and the inadequacies if any
can known only when the final product is tested. In such situation the
testing of final product is important.

Page 8
Statistical Quality Control:
Total quality management addresses organizational quality from
managerial and philosophical viewpoint. TQM focuses on customer driven
quality standards, managerial leadership, continuous improvement, quality
identified problems at the source and quality made everyones responsibility.
However, talking about solving quality problems is not enough. We need
specific tools that helps us make the right quality decision. These tools
comes from the area of statistics and are used to help identify quality
problems in the production process as well as in product itself.
Statistical quality control is the term used to describe the set of
statistical tools used by quality professionals. Statistical quality control can
be divided into three broad categories.
Descriptive Statistics:
Are used to describe quality characteristics and relationships.
Included are statistics such as the mean, standard deviation, the range and
a measure of distribution of data.
Statistical Process Control:
Page 9
Involves inspecting a random sample of the output from a process and
deciding whether the process is producing products with characteristics
that fall within a predetermined range. SPC answer the questions whether
the process is functioning properly or not.
Acceptance Sampling:
Is the process of randomly inspecting a sample of goods and deciding
whether to accept the entire lot based on the results. Acceptance sampling
determines whether a batch of goods should be accepted or rejected.
Quality Assurance:
Quality assurance refers to the managerial processes which
determine the organizations design, objectives and resources, the project
team, funding agencies, performance standards and feedback on the project
performance, appropriate actions to deal with deviations and all steps
necessary for promoting quality awareness at all levels and in all parts of the
project organizations.
A typical quality assurance programme addresses itself to the following.
1. Organization structure of the project team and quality assurance
department.
2. Responsibilities and powers of the various personnel involved.
3. Identification of the coordinating personnel.
4. Quality and its programmes.

Page 10
5. Quality education and awareness,
6. Quality circles.
7. Training.
8. Setting up of MIS for quality.
9. Resolution of technical differences and disputes.
10. Preparation of quality assurance manuals and their checklist.
11. Vendor survey procedures.
12. Vendor surveillance procedure
Quality assurance provides protection against quality problems
through early warnings of trouble ahead. Such early warnings play an
important role in the prevention of both internal and external problems. The
assurance is provided from objective evidence but the type of evidence
differs widely according to persons requiring the assurance and nature of
product.
It need not be emphasized that quality assurance is an essential
prerequisite of all construction projects. Over years the accent on quality
has graduated progressively from simple Inspection to quality control to
quality assurance and to quality management. Whereas the limitations of
inspections are quite obvious, a quality control system includes testing of
raw materials at selection and processing stage, testing at various stages of
production, acceptance and feedback.
MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITIES:
Page 11
Management Commitment:
Top management comprises of CEO, MD, all Directors, all VPs, and
Functional Heads of various departments at Head Office. The leadership
(including In-charges / Managers / Heads) hold key positions at HO,
and Project sites in a matrix organizational structure. Management has
appointed a Management Representative and a Quality Management Cell
for effective implementation and monitoring of QMS throughout
organization. Management Reviews are planned at various levels for
effective monitoring of QMS.
Evidence of top management commitment to development and
implementation of the quality management system with a view to
continually improve its effectiveness through the following manner: -
a) Communicating throughout the organization the importance of meeting
customer as well as statutory and regulatory requirements.
b) Quality policy is established and displayed prominently at all site locations
and Work places and is understood by all employees by discussions, training
and providing printed pocket cards, which are carried by employees.
c) Quality objectives for the company are established & displayed at all site
locations and work places. Quality objectives are also defined for each
major & critical process at Head Office level.
d) Management Review process is established and the frequency for this
review is half yearly.
Page 12
e) Availability of resources for implementing Quality Management System
is ensured through proper planning and logistics.
Customer Focus:
Responsibility: Primary Project In-Charge;
Secondary All Section Heads
Processes are established for customer communication on
suggestions for improvements, information on status of project and
direct meetings. Areas of dissatisfaction / improvements, if any,
are discussed at various levels and informed to project site and
corrective actions taken based on above inputs.
Record the Customer complaint and acknowledge the receipt of the
same within 3 working days.
Discuss the Customer complaint
Examine root causes.
Identify & implement corrective action
Assess Results
Inform customer
Review procedure and reformulate prevention of repetitive complaint.
Reply to Customer complaints with action plan and target dates for
achieving the same.
Communicate to customer on action taken on complaint.
Page 13
Receive information about direct customer satisfaction from MIOF.
Prepare action plan on area of dissatisfaction with the consultation of
all sections
Improve performance on area of dissatisfaction.
Quality Policy:
Top management has articulated Quality
Policy
Shows commitment to comply with the requirements and continually
improve the effectiveness of the Quality Management System
Provides a framework for establishing and reviewing quality
objectives
Communicated and understood within the organization
The policy is communicated to all by displaying at strategic
locations and through Quality manual, which is being distributed to all
sections and intend being circulated to all employees of company.
REFERENCES:
Reference No.
Document
1. Specifications for High rise building National building by
National Building codes & Mumbai Mahanagar Regional
Development authority (MMRDA) building by laws
Page 14
2. Technical Specifications for residential building
3. Quality Control Inspection Plan Appendix II
4. Quality records Checklists Appendix III
5. Quality records Format for Appendix IV

Internal tests
6. Calibration Schedule Appendix V
7. Relevant NBC, Neuferts, IS codes & Time saver

standards
Methodology:
Identification of source for raw materials.

The identification for source for raw materials will be on the basis of
proximity from the location of work, conformance of quality of material in
accordance with requirement for the project and commercial viability.
For manufactured products, vendors are to be got approved from the
engineer.
Development of Mix design / details.
Different mix designs for various grades of concrete works for High
Rise Building (Frame structures) & foundations construction are to be
developed at the Site Laboratory through trials. On identification and
successful trial in conformity to the requirements, the details are to be
Page 15
supplied for adoption in construction works after due approval from the
Engineer or his representative.
Quality control in Construction.
The Supervisors for Construction work will be assisted with testing
equipment for monitoring of gradation, slump, temperature and for
sampling / spot test of materials as and when required.
Control / checks / monitoring of levels, dimensions, profile during and
after construction activities, will be done by construction engineers / survey
engineers.
QC Engineers will be assigned to the Building work and Road work as and
when required by the Materials Engineer of The Contractors. They will
assist the respective building / Road sectional In-charges / Engineers /
Supervisors for collecting test samples, performing field tests as required.
Whenever required, material samples will be drawn for spot testing or tests
at the site laboratory in accordance with Documents.
Conformance of Post Construction checks will be done by the
respective Engineers of building and road engineer.
Marble /Granite tiling work in floors

Page 16
1. Marble /Granite shall be of approved quality in terms of source,
thickness, colour, texture, etc.
2. Sizes of marble blocks, slabs & Tiles shall be as per Approved

Drawings & specification.
3. Only slabs and tiles shall be machine cut & factory made. The following
tolerances shall be applied (As per CPWD Specification) in the
dimensions of blocks, slabs & tiles.
Dimension Blocks Slabs Tiles

Length + 2% + 2% + 3%
Width + 2% + 2% + 3%
Thickness + 2% + 3% + 1%
4. Before starting of work the samples shall be approved by Client.

Requirement for physical properties shall be as per CPWD
Specifications as follows:
Characteristics Requirements Method of Test

1. Moisture absorption after Maxm. 0.4% by IS: 1124
24 hours immersion in cold weight
water
2. Hardness Minimum 3 Mhors scale
3. Specific Gravity Minimum 2.5 IS: 1124
5. Each stone shall be cut to required size and chisel dressed on all bed
and joints.
6. The mortar shall be as specified. All stones shall be wetted before

placing in position. These shall then be floated on mortar and bedded
properly in position with wooden mallets.
Page 17
7. Stones shall be laid in regular courses of not less than 15 cm in
height and shall be of the same height unless otherwise noted.
8. The depth of the joints 6 mm from face shall be uniform and as fine
as possible but shall not be more than 1.5 mm thick.
9. The curing shall be done for a period of at least 7 days. After curing
it shall be rubbed with carborandum stone of different grades
numbers 60,120 & 320 in succession and cleaned & washed with a
solution of oxalic acid.
10. Sample size & criteria of conformity shall be as follows( As per CPWD
Specifications ):
Nos. of Nos. of Permissible Sub-

blocks/slabs/tiles blocks/slabs/tiles number of sample
in lot to be selected in defects size in
sample number
Upto 25 3 0 2
26 to 100 5 0 2
101 to 200 8 0 3
201 to 500 13 0 4
501 to 1000 20 1 5
Ceramic / Glazed tile flooring
Tiles shall be of approved make, size, colour & thickness.

1. Sample approvals shall be taken before start of work from client.
2. The length of all four sides shall be measured correct to 0.1 mm and
average length and breadth shall not vary more than +/- 0.8 mm from
specified dimensions. The tolerance for thickness shall be up to +/-
0.4 mm.
Page 18
3. Base concrete (RCC slab) shall be cleaned, wetted & mopped. Bedding
of cement mortar (1:3) shall be laid with average thickness 10 mm
while thickness under any portion of the tiles shall not be less than 5
mm.
4. Over mortar bedding neat grey cement slurry of required consistency

shall be applied @3.3 kg/m2 over an area to cover 20 tiles.
5. Tiles shall be soaked in water, washed clean and shall be fixed in this
grout with gentle tapping with wooden mallet.
6. Surface of flooring during laying shall be frequently checked with a

straight edge about 2 mm long so as to obtain true surface with
required slope.
Brick Work
1. The bricks shall be of class 7.5 & of non-modular type.
Bond: Generally English bond shall be followed wherever applicable, toothing

and closure shall be provided.
2. Following tests shall be performed.
a) Efflorescence.
b) Crushing strength.
c) Water Absorption.
d) Dimension Check.
3. Frequency of tests/sampling shall be 20 bricks chosen randomly for

every 1 lac Bricks for each brand.
Page 19
No. of For characteristic specified For dimensional
Bricks in the for individual bricks characteristic of
lot No. of bricks Permissible group of 20 bricks
to be no of No. of bricks to
selected defective in be chosen
the sample
2001-10000 20 1 40
10001-35000 32 2 60
35001-50000 50 3 80
Lot size Sampling size for Permissible No.

compressive strength, water of defective for
absorption & efflorescence efflorescence
2001-10000 5 0
10001-35000 10 0
35001-50000 15 1
5. The mortar of brickwork shall be 1:6(1cement:6coarse sand).
6. Bricks shall be soaked in water before use for a period for the water
to just penetrate the whole depth of brick.
7. Half or cut bricks shall not be used except as closures where

necessary.
8. Suitable measuring boxes shall be made for measuring sand to prepare

the mortar.
Page 20
9. While laying the brickwork the frog should be face up. The joints shall
be racked to an average depth of 10 mm. When plaster or pointing to
be done the joints should be streaked flush.
10. Curing shall be done for atleast seven days or as per specification.
Plumbing and sanitation
1. All water supply/plumbing installation work to be done by licensed

plumbers.
2. All fittings/fixtures and accessories shall be of approved brands only.

Prior approval of samples of all fittings & fixtures shall be taken from
client.
3. All materials of pipes (CI, GI, Glazed stoneware, etc) shall be of

approved brands only. Prior approval of samples of all Piping materials
& accessories shall be taken from Client.
4. Unless otherwise specified shop drawings shall be prepared for

various activities and approval of same shall be taken from Client.
5. No cross connections with waterlines of wholesome water and

wastewater pipelines shall be done.
External drainage
1. All line out of layout designed for pipelines, manhole and inspection
chambers shall be marked on the ground.
2. The trenches for underground drainage shall be excavated as per

design depth and grade.
Page 21
3. The required bed of slope shall be provided as per drawing in the
pipeline to create required velocity.
4. For joints in the pipeline the caulking material shall be of specified

quality and the same shall be executed as per drawing. Socket ends of
all the pipes shall face uphill.
5. Sufficient spun yarn shall be forced into the socket and required
depth should be available for filling the caulking material. If the
caulking material is lead then it shall be poured in one action and when
the lead is thoroughly fluid.
6. C.I. vent pipe shall be provided at the head of drain and cowl is
provided at the top.
Stoneware pipes
1. Pipes shall be inspected and cracked or chipped pipes shall be

rejected in the work. Pipes shall be thoroughly checked and cleaned
before laying.
2. The minimum diameter of the pipes for outside drainage shall not be
less than that specified in the drawing.
3. The pipe trench for laying the pipes shall be of sufficient width to
have easy jointing and caulking activity. The required gully traps and
manholes shall be provided at the pipe junction as per drawing.
4. Testing for water tightness shall be done as required in the

Specification.
5. Sufficient time shall be allowed for the joints to set and then
trenches filled, watered and compacted.
Page 22
Sanitary and plumbing- CI pipes
1. The pipes shall be checked for specified quality and its water
tightness.
2. The pipes shall be laid in position with the socket ends facing uphill
irrespective of the direction of flow.
3. The caulking material shall be as specified. In case of lead caulking for

spigot and socket joints sufficient yarn shall be forced into the
socket to have the required depth for lead for filling.
4. After completion of pipes laying in each section, water tightness shall

be tested before covering with soil.
5. Unless otherwise specified, Non-return valves or check valves shall be

used of brass, duly chromium polished and provided on ascending part
of the main to check the return flow.
G.I. Pipes and fittings
1. Pipes laid under ground shall be atleast 0.5m below G.L. or as specified
on grads as specified.
2. Pipes before laying shall be checked for visible damage (broken
edges, cracking or spallation of pipes) if any. If detected the
defective pipes shall be rejected.
3. After laying pipes same shall be tested under water pressure at least
100 lbs per sq. inch unless otherwise specified or mentioned.
4. Joints shall be filled with cement or any other specified material with
proper caulking finishing etc.
Page 23
5. Pipe work shall be laid in such a way that it is accessible for
inspection, replacement & repairs (as far as not to be buried in walls
and solid floors).
6. Service pipe or supply pipe shall be connected directly to W.C. All such
suppliers should be connected from cisterns which shall be supplied
from storage tank.
Plastering work
1. Loose mortar if any is stuck with wall shall be brushed out.

2. Any hole filling or repairs shall be completed prior to the plastering
work.
3. The wall surface shall be thoroughly washed with water, cleaned and
kept wet before plastering is commenced.
4. 12 mm thick, 150mm x 150 mm square gauges shall be applied
horizontally and vertically, at not more than 2.0 metre interval.
5. 1st or the undercoat coat of 12 mm plaster shall be applied in 1:5,
cement: sand ratio by volume only.
6. Proper line and level with true surface shall be provided for this coat.
7. The surface shall be roughened and furrowed 2 mm deep with
scratching tool / broom to form keys for the finishing coat.
8. The curing shall be continued till Finish Coat is applied.
9. The Finish coat shall be applied after the under coat is sufficiently
set, but not dried and in any case within 48 hrs.
10. Sand for the second coat of plaster shall be sieved with 3.0 mm sieve.
11. The mortar for 2nd coat shall be in 1:2 cement: sand ratio by volume.
Page 24
12. The 2nd or the finish coat shall be struck uniformly over the first
coat and firmly pressed and levelled by using a 3.0 to 4.0 mts. Long
aluminum batten.
13. All the edges, angles, arises and junctions shall be vertical and
horizontal.
14. When the work is suspended at the end of the day, the plaster shall
be left, cut clean to the line both horizontally and vertically. When
plastering is to be resumed, the edge of the old work shall be scraped,
cleaned and wetted with water before plaster is applied to the
adjacent areas.
15. The surface shall than be firmly trowelled and sponge floated to
remove excess moisture and bring the sand to the surface. The
surface thus prepared shall be uniformly roughened for texture.
16. The surface of plaster shall be kept wet for at least 7 days and shall
be protected from the sun (covering it by suitable method).
Health, Safety and Environment
The working areas will be suitably barricaded as and when required.
Proper sign boards / signages shall be erected to caution / inform the
surrounding people.
Personal protective equipment relevant to the nature of work will be used
for the Project. Personnel handling admixtures or other chemicals will use
appropriate protective equipment recommended by the manufacturer.
Persons handling nuclear gauges / instruments shall wear special protective
attires as recommended by the manufacturer.
Page 25
Care shall be taken during dismantling the structures against fall of
materials from top. All excavation shall be provided with slope or bench.
All electrical and mechanical equipment and installations shall be periodically
inspected for safety and necessary maintenance work carried out.
Care shall be taken:
(i) to reduce generation of dust during operation,
(ii) against pollution of water source due to construction operation
(iii) against undue cutting of greenery / plants and trees.
Appendix I
Management of QC / Materials System Flowchart.
Project In-
Charge
Material
Engineer
QC Engineer Central
Laboratory
QC Engineer Field QC Engineer Field

Laboratory Laboratory
Page 26
QC QC QC QC
Supervisor Supervisor Supervisor Supervisor
Page 27
Appendix II
Quality Control Inspection Plan ( QCIP)
Sl. Test Test Sampling Ref Test Acceptance Test As Test Remar
NO Required Ref. & Process Location Criteria per Frequency ks
Concrete Works material and field control
1 Petro Cl.1007, Sample from External IS 2386 Initially 1
graphic Cl. 1008 source of Pt 8 set of 3
examination coarse and specimens
of Coarse fine for each
and fine aggregate i.e source of
aggregate quarry , river supply,
bed from subsequent
where rock / ly when
boulders, sand warranted
are to be by change
collected. of source /
quality.
Page 28
Appendix II
2 Alkali Cl.1007, Crushed External Material IS 2386 Initially 1
Aggregate Cl. 1008 sample from shall be Pt 7 set of 3
reactivity proposed Innocuous specimens
source of for each
coarse and source of
fine supply,
aggregate i.e subsequent
quarry , river ly when
bed from warranted
where rock / by change
boulders, sand of source /
are to be quality.
collected.
Page 29
Appendix II
3 Specific Cl.1007, -do- Site lab - IS 2386 Initially 1
Gravity of Cl.1008 Pt 3 set of 3
aggregates specimens
for each
source of
supply,
subsequent
ly when
warranted
by change
of source /
quality
otherwise
on monthly
basis.
4 Water Cl.1007, -do- Site lab - IS 2386 Initially 1
absorption Cl.1008 Pt 3 set of 3
of coarse specimens
Page 30
Appendix II
and fine for each
aggregates source of
supply.
Subsequen
tly, one
test for
coarse
aggregate
and two
tests for
fine
aggregate
per day.
5 Deleterious Cl.1007, -do- External IS 2386 Initially 1
material for Cl.1008 Pt 2 set of 3
aggregate. specimens
Page 31
Appendix II
Coarse Coal = / < 1% for each
aggregate Clay lump = / source of
< 1% supply,
subsequent
Finer than ly when
75= / < 3% warranted
Total = / < by change
5% of source /
Fine Coal = / < 1% quality
aggregate Clay lump = /
< 1%
Finer than
75= / < 3%
Shale: = / <
1%
Total = / <
5%
Page 32
Appendix II
6 Soundness Cl. 1007 -do- External Sodium IS 2386 Initially 1 In
(5 cycles) of Sulphate = / Pt 5 set of 3 case
coarse < 12% specimens for
aggregate Magnesium for each aggreg
Sulphate = / source of ate
< 18% supply, water
subsequent absorp
Soundness Sodium ly when tion
(5 cycles) of Sulphate = / warranted exceed
fine < 10% by change s 2%
aggregate Magnesium of source /
Sulphate = / quality.
< 15%
Page 33
Appendix II
7 LA abrasion Cl. 1007 -do Site lab a) = / < 50% IS 2386 Initially 1
value of for concrete Pt 4 set of 3
coarse b) for specimens
aggregate concrete for each
wearing coat source of
= / < 30% supply,
subsequent
ly when
warranted
by change
of source /
quality
otherwise
on monthly
basis.
Page 34
Appendix II
8 Aggregate Cl. 1007 -do Site lab a) = / < 45% IS 2386 -do-
impact value for Pt 4
of coarse concrete
aggregate b) for
concrete
wearing
coat = / <
30%
9 Flakiness Cl. 1007 Crushed Site lab = / < 35% IS 2386, Initially 1
Index for aggregate Pt 1 set of 3
coarse from crusher specimens
aggregate or any other for each
proposed source of
source. supply,
subsequent
10 Aggregate Cl.1007 Crushed External / a)= / < 45% IS 2386, Initially at
crushing aggregate Site lab. for Pt 4 time of
value from crusher concrete approval of
or any other b) = / < 30% source.
Page 35
Appendix II
proposed for
source concrete
wearing
coat.
11 Gradation Table Crushed Site lab. - IS 2386, Initially
coarse 900-6 aggregate Pt.1 before mix
aggregate from design for
proposed approval of
source. source.
Subsequen
tly, one
Subsequently test for
from stock every days
pile at site. work of
each
fraction of
coarse
aggregate.
Page 36
Appendix II
12 Gradation Table Fine Site lab. F.M. of sand IS 2386, Initially
fine 900-6 aggregate shall not be Pt.1 before mix Fine
aggregate from >2 and < 3.5- design for aggreg
proposed approval of ate
source. source. confor
Subsequen ming
tly, one to
test for zone
Subsequently every days 1V as
from stock work of per
pile at site. each table-
fraction of 4 of
coarse IS383
aggregate. shall
not be
used
for
reinfor
Page 37
Appendix II
ced
concre
te.
13 Gradation of Blended Site lab. As per IS IS 2386, Initially
all in aggregate 383 table -5 Pt.1 during mix
aggregate design.
Subsequen
tly one
test for
every days
work.
14 Workability Table At concrete At plant As per table IS 516 One test Values
of fresh 900-6 batching plant site and 1700 -4 per each stated
concrete and site of field vehicle, in
( slump test) construction. both at table
concrete 1700
batching 4 are
Page 38
Appendix II
plant and not for
site of pumpa
pouring at ble
start of concre
work. te. For
Subsequen pumpa
tly as ble
required. concre
te min.
slump
requir
ement
is
around
120
mm.Fo
r
Transi
t
Page 39
Appendix II
Mixer
minimu
m
slump
is 50
mm
15 Strength of Cl.1716. Cube test Site lab. As per IS 516
As per
concrete 2.3 Cl.1716.2.5 frequency
of
collection
16 Cement Cl.1006 At As per IS As per IS of
MTCsamples.
for Except
( OPC 53 manufacturer At 12269 12269 every ing
grade ) s plant. manufactur batch of bridge,
ers lab. cement Cemen
>225 m2/kg t of
1.Fineness -do- other
Page 40
Appendix II
2.Soundness <10 grades
(i)Lechatlier -do- also
method can be
<0.8 used
(ii)Autoclave as
method approv
At site
3. Standard - ed by
Consistency the
At site Engine
4.Temp.durin 27 degree
At site er or
g testing Celcius
his
5.Initial & >30 min,< repres
Final Setting At site 600 min. entativ
time e.
At site
6.Compressiv >27MPa at 3
e Strength days
Page 41
Appendix II
Chemical External As per IS As per IS Frequency
Requirement 12269 12269 for
s External
test:
1.Lime >0.8<1.02
Saturation 1 test in 6
>0.66 Months
Factor
<3.0 MTC for
2.Alumina
iron Ratio <6.0 every
<3.0 batch of
3.Insoluble
cement
residue
4.Magnesia <4.0
5.Sulphuric
Anhydride
Not
6.Total loss specified
on Ignition
Page 42
Appendix II
7.Total
alkalis as <0.1
Na2o
8.Total
Not
chlorides
specified
9.Tricalcium
Aluminate
17 Concrete Cl.1012 At At <0.2%* IS 6925 MTC for Unifor
admixture & manufacturer manufactur Each mity
IS:9103 s Plant ers Lab. lot/samplin test
> 3%* g from from
1.Chloride 1* every extern
content >1%* consignmen al test
2.Dry t house
within 2%* As per IS @ 1
Material 9103
content test /
Page 43
Appendix II
3.pH value *All based 7000
on the value Lts.
4.Ash
declared by Accept
content
the able
5.Relative manufacture limits
Otherdensity
major manufactured products
1. Reinforceme Cl.1009. At At Fe 415 IS 228, MTC for
nt steel bar 3 manufacturers manufact Grade IS 1608, every
plant urers lab A) Chemical IS 1559, batch of
A) Chemical
IS 1786 reinforcem
test test
ent steel.
Carbon = / <
0.30+.02 %
Frequency:
Sulphur = / < 0.06 +
1 test in
0.005 %
500 MT
Phosphorus = / < 0.06 +
0.005 %
Page 44
Appendix II
B) Physical External B) Physical
test At Site. test
0.2% proof 415 N /
stress sqmm.
Elongation 14.5 %
Bend test Satisfactory
2 RCC Hume At At As per IS IS 458 MTC for

pipe manufacturers manufact 458 for each Lot.
plant urers lab NP4 class
pipe.
3 Structural Cl.1009. At At As per 2062 IS 228, -do-
steel 6 manufacturers manufact , GR A, B or IS 1608
sections and plant urers lab. C as
plates applicable
4 Hot dip Steel soil
Galvanised reinforceme
Page 45
Appendix II
a) shape & Cl.4.1.1 At At a) strips, As per To be
form of manufacturers manufact grids, sheets designed checked at
appendi plant urers dimension random
b) Physical x -1 lab / lab. b) BS EN IS 228, b) test
of
and 10025 or IS 1608, result for
specialise
mechanical equivalent of is1559 each lot of
d agency.
properties IS 2062 material
c) c) as per IS 4826 c) do -
Galvanisation specification
thickness of
specialised
agency.
Page 46
MATERIAL NAME OF THE TEST FIELD/ MIN. QUANTITY FREQUENCY OF TEST/
LABORATORY OF MATERIAL SAMPLING
TEST REQUIRED
Brick / a) Efflorescence Field As desired by the 20 bricks chosen at random
Tile bricks/ Engineer for every 100,000 bricks
Concrete b) Water absorption Laboratory - for each brick field.
block
c) Compressive Laboratory -
Strength
d) Tolerance (Size & Field 50,000 nos. as

shape) required by the
Engineer.
Timber a) Moisture content Laboratory 1 Cum From each fresh lot or each
(Oven drying 10 cum material one sample.
method)
b) Species Field As reqd. by the

Engineer.
Page 47
TEST REQUIRED
Flush a) Test for end Laboratory 11 Shutters 6 nos. 0 to 65
shutters/ immersion 13 nos. 66 to 110
Plywood 20 nos. 111 to 180
b) Test for glue Laboratory As reqd. by the 32 nos. 181 to 300
adhesion Engineer
c) Test for adhesion Laboratory

of
Flooring Test for abrasion - do - - do -
Hardening compound - do - - do -
Precast a) Shape & Dimension - do - - do - 12 nos./2000 nos.

Terrazzo b) Transverse - do - - do - 6 nos./2000 nos.
Tiles strength - do - - do - 6 nos./2000 nos.
c) Resistance to wear - do - - do - 8 nos./2000 nos.
d) Water absorption
Glazed tiles a) Water absorption - do - 3000 nos. *
b) Impact test - do - As decided by the *
Engineer.
Page 48
TEST REQUIRED
Granite Hardness test - do - - do - *
marble
Fire Doors Fire test - do - Specified fire rated. 1 Door
Steel doors a) Thickness of steel Field/Lab. As specified. 1 Door

b) Sheets - do - - do -
Aluminium a) Composition of Laboratory As per BIS. 1 Sample
Alumn. Alloy Field 65 microns.
b) Powder coating
* To be decided by the Engineer or his representative in accordance with site conditions.
Page 49
WATER PROOFING
Waterproofing of Raft and Retaining Walls
Waterproofing of Raft and Retaining walls by external tanking

(including grouting of Concrete)
External tanking (including grouting of concrete) of basement,

trenches, etc. shall be carried out using an approved acrylic chemical
waterproofing compound, in stages given below:
Stage 1:
After the lean concrete has been laid to receive the RCC raft, a
345 mm thick brick toe wall in Cement Mortar 1:6 shall be constructed,
on the perimeter of the area to be water proofed. The height of this
wall shall be equal to the thickness of the RCC Raft. The brick toe wall
shall be paid separately under the item of Brick work.
Stage 2:
Base
The external tanking treatment shall be carried out for the

base raft over the lean concrete in the following sequence.
a) A layer of cement slurry mixed with the acrylic waterproofing

compound shall be spread over the lean concrete.
b) In each layer where acrylic waterproofing compound is to be
Page 50
used it shall be mixed in the ratio of 400 gms per 50 kg. Of
cement unless specified otherwise.
c) Thereafter a 25mm thick (minimum) bedding layer of cement

mortar 1:3 (one part cement: three parts course sand) mixed
with acrylic waterproofing compound shall be laid.
d) Curing shall be done by spraying water for 7 days.
e) A layer of Kota stone slabs of approximately 600 x 600mm and

having minimum thickness of 20mm shall be laid. The joints
between the stones shall be 6mm. After laying the joints shall be
raked and sealed with cement mixed with acrylic waterproofing
compound (in the ratio 1:1).
f) A layer of cement mortar 1:4 (one part cement: four parts

coarse sand) mixed with acrylic waterproofing compound shall be
laid and finished smooth.
g) Curing shall be done by spraying water for 7 days.
h) The waterproofing shall be turned up along the brick wall on the

perimeter of the basement raft. The work shall be carried out
as described under walls.
NB: The above specification shall also be followed for the roof of
basement.
Page 51
Stage 3: Grouting of Concrete
Raft
Placing and prefixing of 15mm M.S. nozzles of length 0.5D where

D is the depth of the raft shall be done on the construction joints and
pour strips. The spacing of the nozzles shall be 1 m apart in both
directions in the raft to enable grouting to be done. The pipes shall
project 50mm above the top of the raft and shall be plugged using
M.S. caps.
The RCC shall be cast after placement of the nozzles as required.
After the concrete of raft has attained proper maturity the

injection of cement mixed with non-shrink polymeric grouting
compound through the nozzles under maximum pressure of 2.5
kg/sqcm. By hand/air/electric/pump shall be carried out.
The nozzles shall be sealed after injection operation is over

with a cementations rendering with quick setting admixture of CICO
make or approved equivalent.
The above specification shall also be followed for the roof of

basement if required.
Waterproofing of other areas (roofs, terraces, water tanks,

toilets, floor slabs, etc.)
Page 52
Scope of Work
The work shall include waterproofing for the building roofs,

terraces, water tanks, toilets, floor slabs, walls, planters, chajjas, sills
and any other areas and at any other locations and situations as
directed by the Engineer, in accordance with the design, shapes,
thickness, details, all as shown on the Good for Construction
drawings or as specified or as directed by the Engineer complete in all
respects to give the quality of finished work as desired by and to the
entire satisfaction of the Engineer.
The work shall be carried out by an experienced specialist sub-

contractor who shall be appointed only after prior approval of the
Engineer.
MATERIALS:
Tapecrete
An acrylic based polymer modified cementations composite

coating system manufactured by FRC Composites India Ltd. Or
approved equivalent.
Waterproofing General
The waterproofing treatment shall be done on smooth plastered

surfaces. Portland ordinary cement shall be used for the plastering on
the concrete screed on roofs. The plastered areas shall be cured for a
minimum of 7 (seven) days. Curing shall be done by keeping wet gunny
or burlap or ponding water.
Page 53
The surface shall be allowed to dry for about 4 to 6 weeks,
after the curing period is over.
The surface on which waterproofing is to be done shall be bone

dry, free of all dust, loose material, laitance etc. A surface dry area
shall not be construed as being totally (bone) dry.
The Contractor shall ensure that everything where the

waterproofing is worked around or into are fixed (e.g. rainwater
downtakes, etc.) in position and all pre-waterproofing application work
by the other Contractors is complete.
Waterproofing to Toilets, Kitchens etc.
Waterproofing treatment to floor slabs and walls, chhajjas,

roof projections, toilets, kitchens etc. in the building shall be done as
described below.
A priming coat shall be applied over the complete area to be

waterproofed. The primer shall be made of net grey cement mixed
with an integral waterproofing compound in the proportion as
recommended by the manufacturer.
Thereafter two coats of Tapercrete mixed with cement in

the proportion 1:2 (1 kg Tapercrete : 2 kg of cement) shall be applied.
All the joints of pipes, edges, corners, openings shall be sealed

with epoxy putty. As refer above.
Page 54
Waterproofing and Testing
The treated area (flat and horizontal only) shall be tested by

allowing water to stand on the treated areas to a depth of 150mm for
a minimum period of 72 hours.
The treated area (flat and horizontal) shall have a continuous

slope towards the rainwater outlets and no water shall pond anywhere
on the surface.
The roofs shall be water-tight and shall be tested on completion

by flooding the roof with water to a minimum depth of 25mm fir 24
hrs. Where it is impracticable, because of roof falls or otherwise, to
contain a 25mm depth of water, the roof shall have water applied by a
continuous hose of sprinkler system to provide a sheet flow of water
over the entire area of the roof for not less than 6 hrs. In either
case the roof shall be considered satisfactory if no leaks or damp
patches show on the soffit. Should the structure not satisfy either of
these tests, then after completion of the remedial work, it should be
retested in accordance with this clause. The roof insulation and
covering should be completed as soon as possible after satisfactory
testing.
Inspection, testing and controlling of Non conforming

product:
Inspection & Testing:
Plan the characteristics of the raw material, process
and product to be checked, frequency of check,
Page 55
method of check, sampling size
Plan stages of customer verification as per contract
agreement.
Conduct inspection & tests as per plan and keep
relevant records to demonstrate the conformance.
Check the results against planned requirements. Improve
methodology or process and take necessary corrective
action where planned results are not achieved
Get approval of the competent authority and or the
customer for acceptable minor deviations from the
planned arrangements.
Use calibrated equipments for measuring processes.
Control of Non-Conforming Product

Identify Non-conforming product / service found through
Customer complaints, Audits and Inspections
Prepare action plan to remove the non-conformity.
By rectification /reworks/corrective action, By
alternative use,
By degrading or by scraping.
Implement corrective action to eliminate the root cause
of the non - conformity.
Page 56
Officers & their qualifications:
1. Project manager
Qualification: Should be Graduate with additional qualification of
masters in Project management from a reputed institute.
Experience: Should have minimum 20 years exp. Out of which
Last five should have worked in similar capacity with lots of
impetus on quality control and assurance.
2. Senior Engineer (QA/QC) Civil

Qualification: Should be Graduate with additional qualification of
masters in Project management from a reputed institute. Should
be well versed with quality control measures especially for civil
as well interiors and water proofing
Experience: Should have minimum 15 years exp. Out of which
Last ten should have worked in similar capacity monitoring and
controlling quality.
3. Engineer Civil Execution

Qualification: Should be Graduate from a reputed institute
Experience: Should have minimum 10-12 years exp. Out of which
five years should have worked in similar capacity in execution of
such prestigious high-rise building.
4. Engineer (QA/QC) Plumbing and sanitary

Qualification: Should be Graduate with from a reputed institute.
Should be well versed with quality control measures especially
plumbing and sanitary
Page 57
Experience: Should have minimum 15 years exp. Out of which last
ten should have worked in similar capacity monitoring and
5. Junior Engineer (QA/QC) Civil

Qualification: Should be Graduate/Diploma from a reputed
institute. Should be well versed with quality control measures
especially for civil as well interiors and water proofing
last five should have worked in similar capacity monitoring and
6. Junior Engineer Execution Civil

Qualification: Should be Graduate/Diploma from a reputed
institute.
last five should have worked in similar capacity monitoring and
7. Store keeper
Qualification: Should be Graduate from a reputed institute.
Should be versed with latest material management procedures.
last three should have worked in similar capacity monitoring and
8. Junior Store keeper

Qualification: Should be Graduate/under graduate from a
reputed institute. Should be versed with latest material
management procedures.
Page 58
Experience: Should have minimum 5 years exp. Out of which last
three should have worked in similar capacity monitoring and
Functions and Responsibilities:
(1) Project manager

Functions & responsibilities: Should be responsible for overall
quality control and assurance as well as for execution. Should
have overall control and command over all implementation of
quality control measures and will have checks for its outcome.
(2) Senior Engineer (QA/QC) Civil

quality control and assurance. Should have overall control and
command over all implementation of quality control measures and
will have checks for its outcome.
(3) Engineer Civil Execution

quality while execution. Should help and co operate with QA/QC
team to improve overall quality.
(4) Engineer (QA/QC) Plumbing and sanitary

quality control and assurance for all plumbing and sanitary works.
Should have control over all implementation of quality control
measures for sanitary & plumbing and will have checks for its
outcome.
Page 59
(5) Junior Engineer (QA/QC) Civil
Functions & responsibilities: Should assist in implementing
quality control and assurance procedure. Should supervise
implementation of quality control measures and will monitor for
its outcome.
Monitoring and controlling quality.
(6) Junior Engineer Execution Civil

Functions & responsibilities: Should assist and supervise work
with an eye for quality control and assurance procedure.
(7) Store keeper

Functions & responsibilities: Should be responsible in
implementing quality control and assurance procedure for all
materials brought at site using latest material management
procedures.
Should supervise implementation of quality control measures and
will monitor for its outcome.
(8) Junior Store keeper

Functions & responsibilities: Should assist in implementing quality
control and assurance procedure for all materials brought at site
using latest material management procedures.
Should assist &supervise implementation of quality control
measures and will monitor for its outcome.
Page 60
Reporting to Whom
Project Manager___________ Managing Director

Senior Engineer (QA/QC) Civil________ Project Manager
Engineer (QA/QC) Plumbing and sanitary _______ Senior
Engineer (QA/QC) Civil
Engineer Civil Execution ____________ Project Manager
Junior Engineer (QA/QC) _________ Senior Engineer
(QA/QC) Civil
Junior Engineer Execution Civil ________ Engineer Civil
Execution
Store keeper _____________ Senior Engineer (QA/QC)
Civil
Junior Store keeper ___________ Store keeper
Compliance work with regulations and bylaws
The Contractor shall conform in all aspects with:

(a) the provision of any enactment in India as applicable from
time to time
(b)the regulations or bye-laws of any local body and utilities.
(c) The Contractor shall be bound to give all notices required by
statute, regulations or by-laws, as aforesaid and to pay all
fees and bills payable in respect thereof. The Contractor will
arrange necessary clearances and Approvals before the Work
is taken up.
Page 61
Ignorance of Rules, Regulations and Bylaws shall not constitute a
basis for any claim at any stage of work
Compliance with Contractors Request for Details
i. The Contractor shall give written notice to the Engineer

whenever progress of the Works is likely to be delayed or
disrupted unless any further Drawing, where the Special
Conditions of Contract provide for such Drawings to be
prepared by the Engineer, or order, including a direction,
instruction or Approval is issued by the Engineer within a
reasonable time. The notice shall include details of the Drawing
or order required and of why and by when it is
ii. Required and of any delay or disruption likely to be suffered if

this issue is delayed.
iii. The Engineer shall furnish with reasonable promptness, on

receipt of request from the Contractor, additional instructions
by means of Drawings or otherwise necessary for the proper
execution of the Works or any part thereof. All such Drawings
and instructions shall be consistent with the Contract
documents and reasonably inferable therefrom. The Engineer
may ask the Contractor for alternative proposals or
clarifications or additional data or any other detail in respect
Contractors request, if any.
If, due to any failure or inability of the Engineer to issue within

a reasonable time any Drawing or order requested by the
Contractor as stated above, the Contractor suffers delay and /
Page 62
or incurs additional costs, the Engineer shall take such delay into
account while determining any extension of time to which the
Contractor would be entitled under.
Suitable incentives are given to the contractor on successfully,

timely & within the quoted rates (i.e with variations) completion of
work for critical activities.
Delays
Failure or delay by the Employer or the Engineer, to hand over

to the Contractor the Site necessary for execution of Works, or any
part of the Works, or to give necessary notice to commence the
Works, or to provide necessary Drawings or instructions or
clarifications or to supply any material, plant or machinery, which
under the Contract, is the responsibility of the Employer, shall in no
way affect or vitiate the Contract or alter the character thereof; or
entitle the Contractor to damages or compensation thereof but in any
such case, the Engineer shall extend the time period for the
completion of the Contract, as in his opinion is / are reasonable.
In case of delay on the part of the Contractor, the Contractor

shall be liable to pay liquidated damages in addition to any other
compensation for the damages suffered by the Employer. This is
without prejudice to the right of the Employer to rescind the
Contract.
Page 63
Bibliography/ Readings:
Material from NICMAR

Internet
Quality control manuals of DLF Metro & Delhi Metro.
CPWD Specifications, National Building Codes.
Page 64

GPPM 22 PDF

Transféré par

Informations du document

Description originale:

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

GPPM 22 PDF

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

ASSIGNMENT II

(Construction Quality Management)

NICMAR / CODE OFFICE

2. Reg. No. - 214-04-11-12192-2163

3. Course No. - NCP 27

4. Course Title - Construction Quality Management

5. Assignment No. - Two

You have been selected as a project manager for a prestigious high

The purpose of this document i.e. Quality Assurance Plan is to

This procedure is applicable to all engineers, workmen, supervisors,

Quality management system refers to all plans, processes and

activities that are developed to achieve the intended degree of

focuses attention of the following specific aspects of construction

1. Construction is a one time activity. It affords no second chance of

modification, repair or rejection once the construction work is

completed. There is no scope for catching the defects after the

construction is over. Therefore quality consciousness, skill and

workers are essential in achieving quality. Training, motivation and

commitment are the primary requirement of quality construction.

2. With the increase in complexity and the size of construction

operations, the responsibility for ensuring quality has gradually

shifted from the worker to supervisor of inspection and later to the

quality control department. This

3. Trend has to be reversed if quality is the goal. Responsibility to

4. It is a well known fact that the quality cannot be constructed. It has

to be designed into a project system. QMS therefore starts from the

design stage itself. Quality of design is the difference between

are very closely interlinked in construction process.

5. Quality is expensive. Quality decisions are based on trade-offs

between cost of construction and the benefits derived from the

operations of facility. Once the decision is taken, it has to be backed

by appropriate staff strength, infrastructure and support services.

The management must therefore be committed to quality, participate

in all measures developed to achieve it and lend support to QMS

6. QMS is the responsibility of the project authority. The owner or his

representative formulates the policy, determines the scope of quality

planning and management establishes the relationship between the

various participating organizations and delegates responsibility and

Quality control refers to the technical processes that gather,

the performance requirements. QC mainly relates to four basic functions:

1. Setting up of standards and specifications.

tests, inspection etc.

3. Appraising failures to these standards and acting when standards are

not being adhered to.

4. Planning improvements in the standards and specifications.

Quality Control norms, techniques and procedures:

becomes a routine matter. In any quality control programme actual

inspection and measurement is an un-detachable factor, which is to be

Various stages of inspection should be determined. Some of such stages

i. Material inspection at suppliers end.

ii. Material inspection at the stage of receipt.

iii. Material inspection at the stage of issue.

iv. Inspection of the process at the time of initial setting of

v. Inspection of trial run batch.

vi. Inspection while the execution is in progress.

vii. Inspection of the finished process.

viii. Inspection before erection and commissioning.

ix. Inspection of commissioning.

Having decided various stages of inspection and various quality

characteristics to be inspected it is also important to decide who will

inspected, instruments to be used required approval for acceptance.

While planning such inspection activities it is also important to decide what