CONTENTS

Title page
Certificate
Abstract i
Acknowledgement ii
Declaration iii
Contents iv
List of Figures vii
List of Tables viii
Abbreviations ix
Nomenclature x
Chapters
1. Introduction
1.1 Types of Contacts
1.1.1 Elastic Contact
1.1.2 Elastic-Plastic Contact
1.1.3 Fully Plastic Contact
1.2 Tools Used for Solving Contact Mechanics Problems
1.2.1 Analytical methods
1.2.2 Numerical Methods
1.2.3 Asperity based Approach
1.3 Contact Models
1.3.1 Hertz Elastic Contact Model
1.4 Greenwood and Williomson (GW) Model
1.5 Chang, Etsion and Bogy (CEB) Model
1.6 Kogut and Etsion (KE) Model
1.7 Jackson and Green (JG) Model
1.8 Structural Analysis
1.8.1 Introduction
1.9 Linear Static Analysis
1.9.1 Static Analysis
1.9.2 Small Deflections
1.9.3 Small Rotations
1.9.4 Material Properties
1.9.5 Constant Boundary Conditions
1.9.6 Linear Static Assumptions
2. Literature Survey
2.1 Evolution of Contact Mechanics
2.2 Elastic-Plastic Contacts: Loading
3. Problems Formulation
3.1 Objectives
3.2 Methodology
4.Description of Numerical Analysis Through Finite Element Method
4.1 Problem Description and Modelling
4.2 Meshing
 4.3 Boundary Conditions
4.4 Validation of Finite Element Analysis
5. Results and Comparison
5.1 Analysis
5.2 Results and Comparison of Deformation of Sphere for Different Materials
like Steel, Bronze and Cemented Carbide
5.2.1 Deformation of Sphere for Different materials under the Load of
000000000 200N
5.2.2 Pressure Generated for Different Materials under Load of 200N
5.2.3 Penetration for Different Materials under Load of 200N
5.2.4 Equivalent Stress for Different Materials under Load of 200N
5.2.5 Maximum Principal Stress for Different Materials under Load of
000000000200N
5.2.6 Minimum Principal Stress for Different Materials under Load of
200N
5.2.7 Maximum Shear Stress for Different Materials under Load of 200N
5.3 Comparison of Results of Different Parameters for Different Radii
5.3.1 Pressure Developed by Sphere of Radius 4mm, 6mm, 8mm, 10mm
000000000and 12mm
5.3.2 Comparison of Results for different Radii
 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Titles Page No.
1.1 Two Spheres in Contact
1.2 Material Behaviour
1.3 Elastic Foundation
1.4 Loading and Unloading Conditions
4.1 Schematic Representation of Problem
4.2 Meshing of Solid Sphere
4.3 Fixed Support for Solid Sphere and Rigid Plate
4.4 Displacement of Solid Sphere and Rigid Plate
4.5 Force Applied on Solid Sphere
5.1 Deformation of Solid Steel Sphere
5.2 Deformation of Solid Bronze Sphere
5.3 Deformation of Solid Cemented Carbide Sphere
5.4 Comparison of Deformation Results for Different Materials
5.5 Pressure Generated in case of Steel
5.6 Pressure Generated in case of Bronze
5.7 Pressure Generated in case of Cemented Carbide
5.8 Comparison of Pressure Results for Different Materials
5.9 Penetration in case of Steel
5.10 Penetration in case of Bronze
5.11 Penetration Generated in case of Cemented Carbide
5.12 Comparison of Penetration Results for Different Materials
5.13 Equivalent Stress Generated in case of Steel
5.14 Equivalent Stress Generated in case of Bronze
5.15 Equivalent Stress Generated in case of Cemented Carbide
5.16 Comparison of Equivalent Stress Results for Different
Materials
5.17 Maximum Principal Stress Generated in case of Steel
5.18 Maximum Principal Stress Generated in case of Bronze
5.19 Maximum Principal Stress Generated in case of Cemented
Carbide
5.20 Comparison of Maximum Principal Stress Results for
Different Materials
5.21 Minimum Principal Stress Generated in case of Steel
5.22 Minimum Principal Stress Generated in case of Bronze
5.23 Minimum Principal Stress Generated in case of Cemented
Carbide
5.24 Comparison of Minimum Principal Stress Results for
Different Materials
5.25 Maximum Shear Stress Generated in case of Steel
5.26 Maximum Shear Stress Generated in case of Bronze
5.27 Maximum Shear Stress Generated in case of Cemented
Carbide
5.28 Comparison of Maximum Shear Stress Results for Different
Materials
5.29 Pressure Developed by a Sphere of Radius 4mm
5.30 Pressure Developed by a Sphere of Radius 6mm
5.31 Pressure Developed by a Sphere of Radius 8mm
5.32 Pressure Developed by a Sphere of Radius 10mm
5.33 Pressure Developed by a Sphere of Radius 12mm
5.34 Comparison of Deformation and Different Radii of Steel
Sphere
5.35 Comparison of Pressure and Different Radii of Steel Sphere
5.36 Comparison of Penetration and Different Radii of Steel
Sphere
5.37 Comparison of Equivalent Stress and Different Radii of Steel
Sphere
5.38 Comparison of Maximum Principal Stress and Different Radii
of Steel Sphere
5.39 Comparison of Minimum Principal Stress and Different Radii
of Steel Sphere
5.40 Comparison of Maximum Shear Stress and Different Radii of
Steel Sphere
 LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Titles Page No.
4.1 Specification of the Geometry and Material Properties
4.2 Comparison of Theoretical and Numerical value
4.3 Grid independence test
5.1 Comparison of Results of Different Parameters for Steel under
Different Loads
5.2 Comparison of Results of Different Parameters for Bronze
under Different Loads
5.3 Comparison of Results of Different Parameters for Cemented
Carbide under Different Loads
5.4 Results of Different Parameters for Different Radii