1. What are Tourism Impacts?

FACTS:

TOURISM IMPACTS:

International tourist arrivals have increased from 25 million globally in 1950, to 278
million in 1980, 527 million in 1995, and 1.1 billion in 2015. They are expected to reach
1.8 billion by 2030.footprint in the sand
The average international tourist receipt is over US$700 per person and travellers spent
over $1.4 trillion
Travel and tourism represents approximately 10% of total global Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) in 2015 (if it include tourism related business (e.g. catering, cleaning) (US $7
trillion).
The global travel and tourism industry creates approximately 11% of the worlds
employment (direct & indirect) in 2015.
At least 25 million people spread over 52 countries are displaced by violence, persecution
and/or disasters tourism receipts in every country are affected by this.
Leakage in tourism is as high as 80% in the Caribbean (of every dollar earned in tourism-
80 cents leaves the country)

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS:

Although the Bellagio hotel in Las Vegas recycles its water it still uses 12 million litres
of water per year in a water scarce region
Buying local could achieve a 4-5% reduction in GHG emissions due to large sources of
C02 and non C02 emissions during the production of food.
The average Canadian household used 326 liters of water per day.a village of 700 in a
developing country uses an average of 500 litres of water per month AND a luxury hotel
room guest uses 1800 litres of water per person per night
The average person in the UK uses approximately 150 litres of water per day 3 times
that of a local village in Asia
Garbage A species of animal or plant life disappears at a rate of one every three minutes
70% of marine mammals are threatened
The Western world (with 17% of the worlds population) currently consumes 52% of total
global energy.
1 acre of trees absorbes 2. 6tonnes of CO2 per year
More than 80% of the worlds coral reefs are at risk. Nearly 2/3 of Caribbean reefs are in
jeopardy
Eating beef is the most water consumptive practice by travellers
2015 was the warmest year by margin on record
Seawater is expected to rise 70 cm in the next 10 years
 By 2050 climate change could have directly led to the extinction of 30% of species, the
death of 90% of coral reefs and the loss of half the Amazon rainforest.
Since 1970 a third of the natural world has been destroyed by human activity. Almost 2/3
are degraded by human activity
Half the worlds population lives in urban areas and this figure is expected to increase. In
Latin America and the Caribbean, 76% of the population live in urban areas.IMG_0033_2
10% of the worlds coral reefs are in the Caribbean most under threat
35% of mangroves have been destroyed
The number of cars on the road surpassed 1 billion in 2010. Today it is 1.2 billion and
will be 2 billion by 2035
A European uses 14x more energy than someone living in India
For every 1 degree rise in temperature above 34 degrees Celsius, yields of rice, maize and
wheat in tropical areas could drop by 10%
Every year we dump 40 million tons of carbon pollution into our atmosphere
Although 70% of the earths surface is water, only 3% is potable.

2. Identify the different impacts of Tourism?

On one hand, tourism wields tremendous economic positive outcomes: it is one of the worlds
most significant sources of economic outcomes and employment. However, tourism is a very
complex industry involving numerous stakeholders (sometimes with opposite interests) and
requiring significant amount of resources. As such, tourism can have very opposite effects
according to the way activities are managed. Managed well, tourism can play a positive role in
the socio, cultural, economical, environmental and political development of the destination and
as such represents a significant development opportunity for many countries and communities.
On the contrary, unchecked tourism development can lead to very damageable impacts.

Environmental Impacts

The quality of the environment, both natural and man-made, is essential to tourism. However,
tourism's relationship with the environment is complex. It involves many activities that can have
adverse environmental effects. Many of these impacts are linked with the construction of general
infrastructure such as roads and airports, and of tourism facilities, including resorts, hotels,
restaurants, shops, golf courses and marinas. The negative impacts of tourism development can
gradually destroy the environmental resources on which it depends.

On the other hand, tourism has the potential to create beneficial effects on the environment by
contributing to environmental protection and conservation. It is a way to raise awareness of
environmental values and it can serve as a tool to finance protection of natural areas and increase
their economic importance.
 Socio-Cultural Impacts

The socio-cultural impacts of tourism described here are the effects on host communities of
direct and indirect relations with tourists, and of interaction with the tourism industry. For a
variety of reasons, host communities often are the weaker party in interactions with their guests
and service providers, leveraging any influence they might have. These influences are not always
apparent, as they are difficult to measure, depend on value judgments and are often indirect or
hard to identify.

The impacts arise when tourism brings about changes in value systems and behaviour and
thereby threatens indigenous identity. Furthermore, changes often occur in community structure,
family relationships, collective traditional life styles, ceremonies and morality. But tourism can
also generate positive impacts as it can serve as a supportive force for peace, foster pride in
cultural traditions and help avoid urban relocation by creating local jobs. As often happens when
different cultures meet, socio-cultural impacts are ambiguous: the same objectively described
impacts are seen as beneficial by some groups, and are perceived as negative - or as having
negative aspects - by other stakeholders.

Economic Impacts of Tourism

The tourism industry generates substantial economic benefits to both host countries and tourists'
home countries. Especially in developing countries, one of the primary motivations for a region
to promote itself as a tourism destination is the expected economic improvement.

As with other impacts, this massive economic development brings along both positive and
negative consequences.

3. Explain sustainable tourism?

Sustainable tourism is defined as tourism that respects both local people and the traveller,
cultural heritage and the environment. It seeks to provide people with an exciting and
educational holiday that is also of benefit to the people of the host country.

A sustainable approach to tourism means that neither the natural environment nor the socio-
cultural fabric of the host communities will be impaired by the arrival of tourists. On the
contrary, the natural environment and the local communities should benefit from tourism, both
economically and culturally.

4. Enumerate forms of tourism sustainability.

Forms of sustainable tourism

Sustainable tourism includes tourism sectors such as ecotourism, pro-poor tourism, community-
based tourism, fair-trade tourism, cultural tourism and rural tourism. Each of these forms of
tourism takes into account the importance of all three aspects of sustainable tourism and this can
be seen clearly in the way they are practiced. Each of these forms makes their own contribution
to sustainable tourism and consequently sustainable development. Most of these forms are
explained in more detail on this page.

A quick reminder: all forms of tourism can be sustainable and this is something we should be
trying to accomplish!

Ecotourism

nature

Ecotourism is defined by the Ecotourism Society as:

responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and sistains the well-being of
local people.

Ecotourism is a form of tourism that generally takes place in natural areas (esp.in protected areas
and their surroundings). It also integrates the socio-cultural identity of the locals, the local
community itself and environmental considerations. It promotes the protection of ecosystems
through participatory environmental management processes, which involve all the stakeholders
involved in the project concerned. According to the Ecotourism Society, Ecotourism should:

Minimize impact

Build environmental and cultural awareness and respect

Provide positive experiences for both visitors and hosts

Provide direct financial benefits for conservation

Provide financial benefits and empowerment for local people

Raise sensitivity to host countries' political, environmental, and social climate

Support international human rights and labor agreements

(http://www.ecotourism.org/)

Cultural/Heritage Tourism

Culture is a form of tourism, whose main objective is to help tourists discover/ travel to different
monuments and other sites of cultural heritage. It has a very positive effect on these sites because
it contributes to their maintenance and protection. This in turn ensures that this form of tourism
continues to survive. This form of tourism, because of the socio-cultural and economic benefits
which this tourism brings to all parties involved, justifies the maintanence and protection of such
monuments, which are often demanded by and of the human community, .

Community-based tourism

Community-based tourism is a form of tourism, in which a significant number of local people

have substantial control over, and involvement in, its development and management. A major
proportion of the benefits, therefore, remains within the local economy. Members of community,
even those who are not directly involved in tourism enterprise, also gain from the benefits.
Community-based torism has the following characteristics. It:

includes education and interpretation as part of the tourism services;

increases local and visitor awareness of conservation;
minimises negative impacts on the natural and socio-cultural environment;
supports the protection of natural areas by generating economic benefits for the
management of these areas.

Rural tourism.

Rural areas, despite their diversity around the world, face the common challenge of the need for
economic regeneration and low employment rates. This is especially a problem for young people,
who tend to leave the areas as soon as they are able to. Tourism can help to reduce these
problems. Many rural areas, especially in Europe, have already benefited from tourism.

Agro tourism
Agrotourism is a form of tourism in agricultural areas. It includes features such as orchards,
agroforestry farms, herbal farms and animal farms, which have been designed in some way for
tourists. Tourists can watch or take part in agricultural practices, such as working with animals or
harvesting crops, without disturbing ecosystems or the productivity of host areas.

REFERENCES:

Questions. (n.d.). Retrieved July 25, 2016, from http://www.sustainabletourism.net/sustainable-

tourism/questions/

Tourism facts and figures about Tourism Impacts Retrieved July 25, 2016, from
http://www.unep.org/resourceefficiency/Business/SectoralActivities/Tourism/FactsandFiguresab
outTourism/ImpactsofTourism/tabid/78774/Default.aspx

Tourism sustainability Retrieved July 25, 2016, from

http://www.telta.de/te1801/fh/morwenna/forms.php