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Project Overview
the common problems in the risk of the fire hazards if the job is poorly
completed, and from the potential of electric shock. As we research that 5 out 10
cause of fire are from electrical fault like electrical equipment and faulty wiring
because a lot of people think that faulty wiring is the root of the fire. What actually
happens is the wire or circuit becomes overloaded due to an increase in the load
the circuit carries without changing the size of the wires. The wires then tend to
overheat in the circuit caused by the additional load. Also a lot of people dont
recognize the importance of the grounding and bonding system that may help to
for us to envision life without electricity. No matter what part of our lives we
examine, electricity plays an important role, from our home life to our places of
employment. Our homes are filled with personal electric appliances like hair
dryers, small electric appliances like mixers and toasters, major appliances like
washers and refrigerators/freezers, and large equipment that heat and cool our
living spaces.
For some understanding, Electrical power flows in the form of current, which
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must pass through the equipment and then return to the power source.
Therefore, it is convenient to think of one wire to the load being the source (live
or hot) wire and one being the return (neutral) wire. From the point of view of
the equipment or the power source, the source and return wires are constantly
being interchanged.
line to line (live-live) system. How can you identify power system you have? How
can you identify the type of power system you have? You may look up at the
utility feed wires leading from the meter or pole to your house or a neighbors
house. If there are three wires you probably have two 115volt load (hot) wires
and a neutral. If you have two wires you probably have a single 230volt load
Electricians are better well trained but some of them are not good in using
of grounding and bonding system in electrical plans and design, and also some
familiarize the proper connections and wiring of line to neutral and line to line
system and the grounding and bonding system. And also the big difference of the
Breakers have also big part of this research because the safety design will last to
this device. The Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB or Breaker) is a device for
overload, over current and short circuit that detects fault of the design and the
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) is a device use to protect from receiving
electric shocks.
The research project Aim to have a safe design of project for future and
understanding in line to neutral and line to line system occurs to our electrical
design and to the practitioner. This research project study is must in every
wiring of a line to neutral and line to line system, the grounding and bonding
system and the device for safety designing that would benefit not just the
students of the College of Engineering but also to its faculty and to the other
practitioner.
difference of connections between line to neutral and line to line system and also
the uses of safety breakers in innovating a project that will help the College of
Engineering and Architecture. After completing the chapter you should be able to
follow the principles of safety when installing appliances and devices at your
home.
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Project Objectives
electrical practitioner;
3 Design and develop AC line power distribution system;
Designing the project components
Features safe design
4 Implement the AC line power distribution system;
By testing the project to determine the faults;
Familiarize the actual wiring of line to neutral and line to line
connections; and
5 Provide knowledge not only to Electrical Engineering students but also to
The study aims to build a model to show the different connections of line to
neutral and line to line, grounding and bonding system, faults that could occur in
entities:
Urdaneta City University. In this higher education the results of this project
will benefit from the results of this project study since they are futures need in
Researchers. The results of this project study serves as the way to continue
The project will be in form of a trainer board to show the difference of the line
to neutral and line to line connection. It will provide actual connection and wiring
for the board shall focus on the simulation of the faults of the design. The device
This project built to have a practical connection line to neutral and line to line
the University. The system set to have a fault that occur to system of design and
it will be seen on how the protective devices will operate and on how will the
system will lessen damages on the other loads by using grounding and bonding
system. The project has also methods of using some technique of wiring and
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splicing.
Research Design and Methodology
In this study, the researchers aim to develop a training board for a typical
and line-line power source and also the system of grounding and bonding.
disadvantages of the two kinds of power source from the Professionals, Electrical
Engineers, journals, books and technical notes. The prototype of the proposed
training module will be made to be used as the basis of implementing the study.6
ideas or features, and gather early user feedback. Prototyping is often treated as
an integral part of the system design process, where it is believed to reduce risk
and cost.
This technical study will follow with the prototyping paradigm since the
proposed system has a need to be carefully thought of and design such that the
the study
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SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER
ACTIVITIES W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
CONCEPTUALI
ZATION AND
DESIGNING
PURCHASING
OF MATERIALS
CONSTRUCTIO
N OF CASING
INSTALLATION
OF
COMPONENTS
TESTING OF
THE PROJECT
SITTING FOR
PROJECT
LOCATION
FINALIZING
DOCUMENTATI
ON
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STOP START
In this stage, the information about the background of the training board
study. After formulating the primary problem and some specific problem, the
interviews from the Professionals and Engineers that they knew about the
9 for gathering information needed for the study.
advantage and disadvantage
Preliminary design
After gathering the information and data needed to support the project, the
concept of how to build the training board, or how to start the design. Basically,
that all the components, devices, and loads of the design are made in this stage.
Project building
The construction of the cabinet design is finally made on this stage. Then,
the wire dressing inside the panel box is now set. Loads of the design is place to
make the wiring connection inside the training board. Setting and placing the
PVC and wires are made to be proper in such way that will not may cause any
problems inside the operation of the training board. Finally, the sources of the
training board will be taken when the project design will be tested and performed.
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Figure 1.3 Cabinet design
Project Testing
The circuits in the training board will be tested to ensure that all circuits
and wiring program are properly working. Monitoring circuit breakers and
wires.
Project Refining
The almost final design will be subjected to the further enhancement and
The training board undergoes slight modification to showcase it in such way that
Final Project
The final project is the finished training board of the design subjected to the
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preliminary designing, creation, testing, modification, and enhancement. The final
that differ the connection and wiring system of a single phase power distribution
and the purpose of the grounding and bonding system. The training board model
has an automatically devices that operate in fault and short circuit of the design,
so that the training board may not be harmful to the students. The system of the
training board is very safe and very useful; some of the process is based on the
Philippine Electrical Code that will provide the safety connections and wiring. The
training board will also let the students to wire a simple single dwelling unit house
Definition of Terms
Line to Neutral. The line one indicates the hot wire or live wire and the other one
indicates the neutral line that normally carrying back the current through the
Line to Line. Both line one (L1) and line two (L2) has a power with neutral.
Grounding. The ground wire is used in an electrical circuit to allow current to flow
back through the ground instead of through a person and causing electrical
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shock.
Bonding. Is electrically connecting all exposed metallic items not designed to
Miniature circuit breaker (MCB) or Circuit Breaker. A Device to protect the circuit
by interrupting the flow of the electrical energy, the switch of the circuit breaker
will trip and interrupt the electrical energy going to the circuit.
Device that shuts off an electric power circuit when it detects that current is
Short Circuit. In a device, wiring or connections, where the line and neutral
accidentally contact that may result electric shock, typically resulting from the
current.
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CHAPTER 2
Technical study
to implement the difference of the power line source line to neutral and line to line
system.
The idea of this training board in the university that will encourage people
the advantages and disadvantages of this two kind of power line source.
Because it's important them to know what are the characteristic of this kind of
power line source they have. Having them the knowledge to know the used of
this kind of source will help them to reduce the cause of fire in their homes
Thus, the first advantage of line to neutral from the source is the wire they
tap in our homes are just 2-wire (line and neutral) while the other one is 3-wire
(line 1, line 2 and neutral). From the source followed by main distribution panel is
that it only used one pole breaker as the line to neutral and the line to line is
From the breaker, the design project will develop the grounding and bonding
system inside the panel box, it will also provide a wire dressing to make the
project presentable clean and most important is to make the wire preventive from
line (hot wire), the neutral, and the ground. Thus their colors are black, white, and
green respectively. And the wires of the line to line to neutral are the line 1 (hot
wire), the line 2 (hot wire), and the neutral. And their colors are black, black, and
white respectively.
The project is in form of a single phase trainer board which will be used by
Practitioner can easily discuss the proper way of connection because of the
actual condition may be seen by the student. The students will be see what
connections and wiring system inside the Panel Board. The students can
familiarize the electrical components and also the proper ratings of the breakers
which are capable with the loads given. And the students will be train on
how to connect and to wire of the single phase power source; its
either a two wire (line to neutral) or three wire (line to line to neutral)
power source.
Line-Line-Neutral
Connection (3-wire)
MAIN DISTRIBUTION
PANEL
METRE
Kw./hr.
Groundin CIRCUIT
g and BREAKER
Bonding (MCCB)
system MAIN DISTRIBUTION
PANEL
LOADS
LIGHTS, CONVENIENCE
OUTLET, CIRCUIT Groundin
REFRIGERATOR, BREAKER g
AIRCON, MOTOR (MCCB) system
(1.5HP), WATER
HEATER (3.5HP)
LOADS
LIGHTS, CONVENIENCE
Figure 2.1 Line to Neutral System OUTLET,
REFRIGERATOR,
AIRCON, MOTOR
(1.5HP), WATER
HEATER (3.5HP)
B. Line to Line System
Transformer(Line-Line)
device. Figure 2.5 shows the meter to the pole mounted that measure
common enclosure. Figure 2.7 shows the actual main switch of the
design.
Figure 2.7 Main Distribution Panel
electric power circuits examples of loads are appliances and lights. The
term may also refer to the power consumed by a circuit. The following
1.5 Hp
Figure 2.15 shows the green wire bonded together with the neutral and
Results
Results and Findings are accumulated during the actual wiring and
connection. Wires and circuit breakers are have their set value from
the design individually, if fault occurs the circuit breaker trips and
stops. The design is now presented in the trainer with the components
and loads. Test were made in according to the types of wires and
SYSTEM.
Summary
learn about the causes and effects of the different power system plan
and design misconceptions and faults. The trainer of the AC Line Power
planning in the Power System Design. The loads of the project is safe
design. Also it is made possible to locate the faults, short circuit and
be a guide not only to the future researchers but also to the future
Conclusion
Based on testing, the researchers concluded that the AC Line
wiring and connection of the wires, circuit breakers, loads and other
in Electrical Engineering.
Recommendation
studies.
A more enhanced trainer module is recommended as an
A. Book/s
B. Website/s
https://www.hoppler.com.ph/blog/home-improvements/10-common-
causes-of-house-fires-and-how-to-prevent-them
http://myphilippinelife.com/philippine-electrical-wiring/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Electrical_Code
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1454602/
https://www.quora.com/What-is-difference-between-line-to-line-
voltage-and-line-to-neutral-voltage
https://www.google.com/patents/CN103414167A?
cl=en&dq=theoretical+on+breakers&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjJ7a
_QuaXQAhUFTbwKHakEBJMQ6AEIIDAB
https://www.google.com/patents/US2313960
APPENDIX B
BILLS OF MATERIALS
Outlet terminal
PVC 1/2 inch 8 576
Receptacle 4 120
Circuit Breaker 15 amp. 1 280
(Bolt-on)
20 amp. 2 560
30 amp. 3 840
50 amp. 1 280
Switch 2 gang 2 292
Grounding 4 280
Terminal
Junction Box 4 132
Utility Box 6 138
W.S. 3 gang plate 3 552
Electrical tape 1 24
C-clamp 1/2 30 60
Connector 1/2 40 387
Wood screw 40 40
Receptacle
Circuit Breaker 15 amp. 1 499
(Plug-in)
30 amp. 2 998
20 amp. 1 499
60 amp. 1 920
Wire 3.5 sq. mm. 10 meters 220
(Philplex) (Black)
3.5 sq. mm. 10 meters 220
(Green)
2.0 sq. mm. 10 meters 150
(Black/white)
3.5 sq. mm. 10 meters 220
(Green)
3.5 sq. mm. 10 meters 220
(Black)
5.5 sq. mm. 6 meters 180
(Yellow)
5.5 sq. mm. 5 meters 150
(White)
Cabinet 5000
Total 21636
APPENDIX C
PROJECT CONSTRUCTION
D. Applying Putty
E. Painting of the Cabinet
F. Cabinet Sanding
G. Planning and Designing
M. Wiring
N. Wiring
CURRICULUM VITAE
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