Ancient

Egypt
By April, Jenna, Ian,
and Danny
 Early Dynastic Period
First Dynastic Period Second Dynastic Period
c. 3100- 2770 B.C. c. 2890- 2686 B.C.

Power base of kings moved to south of country

Menes aka Narmer combined Northern and
Southern Egypt
He was the first to rule unified Egypt
where rebellions kept increasing.
Rebellions then started in the north, which
resulted in civil war.

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Old Kingdom
Third Dynastic Period Fourth Dynastic Period
c. 2686- 2575 B.C. c. 2575- 2465 B.C.

Civil war ended when the King of the South Egypt attacked Nubia (modern day Sudan)
married the Princess of the North in an attempt to gain land
Age of the Pyramids Great Pyramid of Giza was built
 Bottom: Menes aka
Narmer was the
king of the south
who won a victory
over the northern
king. He combined
them and became
the first king of all
of Egypt.

Above: The Great Pyramid of Giza,

Above: The Great Sphinx of Egypt the largest pyramid ever built and
has the body of a lion and the head one of the Seven Wonders of the
of a human or God to symbolize World, was created as a tomb for
strength or wisdom. the Egyptian pharaoh Khufu.
 Old Kingdom cont.
Fifth Dynastic Period Sixth Dynastic Period
c. 2467- 2323 B.C. c. 2323- 2181 B.C.

New trade routes and trading posts were

There was a growing influence in the sun
established
god Ra
The suicide of the Queen ended the sixth
Referred to as the era of the Sun Kings dynasty.

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e m p his wa t
M p
rn Egy
Southe
1st Intermediate
Period
Seventh Dynastic Period Eighth Dynastic Period
c. 2181- unknown unknown - unknown

Monarchies had too many problems so a group Egypt was unstable and divided, which
similar to an oligarchy ruled
Main power base was in Memphis near the Nile
resulted in a breakdown of the
region government
 Right: Ra the
Egyptian sun
god was a very
popular god
among the
people.

Above: Memphis was the capital

and located on the Nile River.
There were many major cities
including Naucratis, a major trading
port.
 1st Intermediate Period
cont.
Ninth Dynastic Period Tenth Dynastic Period
unknown- unknown unknown - 2181 B.C.

Egypt, on the verge of civil war, was susceptible to Unstable government led to scarcity in food so
losing land to invaders. 500,000 people died
Egyptians believed in a better life after death so Furious Egyptians made the ruler resign,
they created tombstones for relatives. ending this period.

Major Events Later in History

Cairo was established capital in
There have been a total 969
of 31 dynasties. This Suez Canal built in 1869
chain began in about c. Britain takes over in 1882
3100 and ended in 332 Egypt gained independence in
B.C.E. 1922
A library is built in Alexandria
in 2002 as a tribute to the
original
Bottom: The Suez Canal was a
more efficient way of
transportation. Instead of going
around Africa to get to the Indian
Ocean, they could pass through this
canal much faster.

Right: This is a
sketch of what the
library in
Alexandria would
probably look like.
Unfortunately, it
burned down in a
fire.
 Egyptian Politics
The Pharaoh was in control of almost everything
from the land to war.

The government and culture was set up to strike

fear into their enemies. When an enemy would
attack them they would crush their enemies and
burn their houses to be intimidating.
 Egyptian Law
The Pharaoh was able to change laws at will

Justice was based on written and oral evidence

The title of Judge was passed through families

The sentence of the crime could be fines,

imprisonment, labor, and even death
The Economics of the Egyptian Kingdom

1. Egypt had A large source of one of the most important natural resources
to humans water.
Making their home right by the Nile river they had a near unlimited source of
water to survive in their hot and dry climate.
With the Egyptian empire being right by the Nile it also gave Egypt a natural
barrier of defence from invaders with the Niles rapid tides and its long length
gave the Egyptians a defence that let egypt survive for 1000s of years.
Egypt had a heavy supply was stone. With them having a lot of stone they
could make a lot of culture structures and monuments with this stone.
Nile River
Economic continued(1)
2. What do people in this culture do to survive?

Used agriculture for survival

the Nile when flooded enriched the soil
Many egyptian people also traded for goods
They lived in mudbrick houses which were found in villages and the
country.
Economic Continued(2)
3. What jobs did people have in Egypt?

Most ancient Egyptians worked as field hands, farmers, craftsmen and scribes
http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/life/home.html
men held Jobs like soldier,farmers, and merchants holding the title of trading and gathering
resources
women held jobs like working at home
some worked as administrators or supervisors,and weavers, or musicians.

(Farmer)
Economic continued(3)
(How did they get paid)
Women were paid with food rations or needed supplies
Men traded goods that they had or paid people with them
Craftsmen usually worked for the rich
they would be paid real money or highend goods
Economic continued
Egyptian Culture
Religion
Obsessed with life and the afterlife
Humans are believed to be a very important creation
Death is not the end but joining an eternal realm
Atum created the god of creation Ptah who created the universe
Ingratitude was considered a sin
The gods
A mortals duty to the Gods was to celebrate

and give thanks to them

Some Egyptian Gods included:

Anubis (God of the Dead)

Ra (God of the Sun)

Horus (God of the Sky)

 Holidays
Feast of Anket : July 25
Festival of Nut and Ra : August 6
Day of peace between Hero and Set : August 14
Language
Coptic was spoken until the late 17th century AD
texts were written in hieroglyphics (sacred carvings)
The Social Life
Homes were made of mud bricks
Egyptians were known for their advancements in math,
astronomy, tech, and agriculture
Personal hygiene and appearance was highly valued
Most people raised families and enjoyed leisure time
 Status
Concept of Maat (no matter the social status you lived in
peace)
God Isis gave equal rights to both men and women
Boys were taught by their father to work
Mothers taught their daughters to take care of the home
 Clothing

Men: knee length skirt

Women: ankle length dresses, level of undress gave away
social status
Women dressed how they wanted to, there was no
prohibitions
Huge in cosmetics
 Art
Architecture
Precision and beauty
Glass working
Metallurgy in bronze and gold
Statues
Leisure time

Enjoyed games
Wrestling
Races
Archery
Sailing
Festivals
Sources

http://study.com/academy/lesson/old-kingdom-of-ancient-egypt-timeline-facts-quiz.html
http://www.ancient.eu/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt/

http://www.crystalinks.com/narmer.html

http://www.mummies2pyramids.info/history-civilization/1st-dynasty.htm

http://www.timeforkids.com/destination/egypt/history-timeline

http://www.guardians.net/egypt/sphinx/

http://www.softschools.com/facts/wonders_of_the_world/great_pyramid_of_giza_facts/66/

https://www.reference.com/geography/did-geography-affect-ancient-egypt-34788ea6010c910f
Scources Extra
http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/life/home.html
https://prezi.com/t2fmhx7vmqrh/ancient-egyptian-jobs/