Enthalpy

This is not as scary as it sounds. All chemicals (whether they are elements or compounds) have energy stored within their chemical bonds. Enthalpy is just the term we
use when we are calculating energy transfer in the form of heat.

Energy of products & reactants: Energy of products & reactants:

In the reaction A+B C+D the enthalpy of the products (C&D) is smaller In the reaction A+B C+D the enthalpy of the products (C&D) is greater
than the enthalpy of the reactants (C&D). than the enthalpy of the reactants (A&B).

Enthalpy change: What happens during Enthalpy change: What happens during
Negative H the reaction? Positive H the reaction?
Heat energy is lost to Heat energy is gained
the surroundings. from the surroundings.

Exothermic Temperature Endothermic Temperature

Reaction increase Reaction decrease
Surroundings: Surroundings:
Heat energy is Heat energy is
transferred to your transferred from your
Energy profile diagram hand so the beaker Energy profile diagram hand to the surroundings
feels warm. so the beaker feels cold.
Or Or
Reactants It is transferred to the Products It is transferred from
liquid in the the liquid in the
thermometer causing it thermometer causing it
H = -ve H = +ve
to expand so the to contract so the
temperature reading temperature reading
Products increases. Reactants decreases.

Examples: Examples:
Oxidation of fuels Thermal decomposition
Remember: (combustion) Remember: Photosynthesis
Exo is Latin for outward i.e. exit Oxidation of glucose Endo is Latin for within i.e. entrance
Heat is moving out of the system* exothermic (respiration) Heat is moving into the system* endothermic

The law of conservation of energy: Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can change from one form to another or transferred from one place to another.
*Do not worry about the use of the word system. It just means reactants and products!
 Enthalpy

This is not as scary as it sounds. All chemicals (whether they are elements or compounds) have energy stored within their chemical bonds. Enthalpy is just the term we
use when we are calculating energy transfer in the form of heat.

Energy of products & reactants: Energy of products & reactants:

Enthalpy change: What happens during Enthalpy change: What happens during
the reaction? the reaction?

Exothermic Temperature Endothermic Temperature

Reaction Reaction
Surroundings: Surroundings:

Energy profile diagram Energy profile diagram

Examples Examples

Remember: Remember:

The law of conservation of energy: Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can change from one form to another or transferred from one place to another.
*Do not worry about the use of the word system. It just means reactants and products!
 Enthalpy

Cut out the boxes and stick in place on the diagram to explain exothermic and endothermic reactions.

Energy profile diagram

Energy of products & reactants: Examples:
In the reaction A+B C+D the enthalpy of the products (C&D) is greater Thermal
than the enthalpy of the reactants (A&B). decomposition Reactants
Photosynthesis

Energy of products & reactants: H = -ve

In the reaction A+B C+D the enthalpy of the products (C&D) is smaller
than the enthalpy of the reactants (C&D). Examples:
Products
Oxidation of fuels
(combustion)
Oxidation of glucose
Temperature Temperature
(respiration)
decrease increase
Energy profile diagram

Surroundings: Surroundings: What happens during

Heat energy is
transferred to your
hand so the beaker
feels warm.
Or
It is transferred to the
liquid in the
thermometer causing it
to expand so the
temperature reading
increases.
Enthalpy change: Products
Heat energy is the reaction?
Positive H
transferred from your Heat energy is gained
hand to the surroundings from the surroundings. H = +ve
so the beaker feels cold.
Or
Reactants
It is transferred from Enthalpy change:
the liquid in the Negative H What happens during
thermometer causing it the reaction?
to contract so the Heat energy is lost to
temperature reading the surroundings.
decreases.

Remember: Remember:
Exo is Latin for outward i.e. exit Endo is Latin for within i.e. entrance
Heat is moving out of the system* exothermic Heat is moving into the system* endothermic