Appendix S1 - Designation of emissions Page 1 of 15

APPENDIX 1

Classification of emissions and necessary

bandwidths
(See ARTICLE 2)

1. (1) Emissions shall be designated according to their necessary bandwidth and their classification as
explained in this Appendix..

(2) Formulae and examples of emissions designated in accordance with this Appendix are given in
Recommendation ITU-R SM.1138. Further examples may be provided in other ITU-R
Recommendations. These examples may also be published in the Preface to the International Frequency
List.

Section I - Necessary Bandwidth

2. 1) The necessary bandwidth, as defined in No. 1.152 and determined in accordance with formulae
and examples, shall be expressed by three numerals and one letter. The letter occupies the position of the
decimal point and represents the unit of bandwidth. The first character shall be neither zero nor K, M or
G.

2) Necessary bandwidths 1:

between 0.001 and 999 Hz shall be expressed in Hz (letter H);

between 1.00 and 999 kHz shall be expressed in kHz (letter K);

between 1.00 and 999 MHz shall be expressed in MHz (letter M);

between 1.00 and 999 GHz shall be expressed in GHz (letter G).

1 Examples:

0.002 Hz = H002 6 kHz = 6K00 1.25 MHz = 1M25

file://D:\My Received Files\MaritimeDocuments\PagesWeb\Gmdss\Appendix S1 - Designa... 26-11-05

Appendix S1 - Designation of emissions Page 2 of 15

0.1 Hz = H100 12.5 kHz = 12K5 2 MHz = 2M00

25.3 Hz = 25H3 180.4 kHz = 180K 10 MHz = 10M0
400 Hz = 400H 180.5 kHz = 181K 202 MHz = 202M
2.4 kHz = 2K40 180.7 kHz = 181K 5.65 GHz = 5G65

3) For the full designation of an emission, the necessary bandwidth, indicated in four characters, shall be
added just before the classification symbols. When used, the necessary bandwidth shall be determined
by one of the following methods:

3.1) use of the formulae and examples of necessary bandwidths and designation
of corresponding emissions given in Recommendation ITU-R SM.1138;

3.2) computation, in accordance with other ITU-R Recommendations;

3.3) measurement, in cases not covered by 3.1) or 3.2) above.

Section II - Classification

3. The class of emission is a set of characteristics conforming to 4 below.

4 Emissions shall be classified and symbolized according to their basic characteristics as given in Sub-
Section IIA and any optional additional characteristics as provided for in Sub-Section IIB.

5 The basic characteristics (see Sub-Section IIA) are:

1) first symbol - type of modulation of the main carrier;

2) second symbol - nature of signal(s) modulating the main carrier;

3) third symbol - type of information to be transmitted.

Modulation used only for short periods and for incidental purposes (such as, in many cases, for
identification or calling) may be ignored provided that the necessary bandwidth as indicated is not
thereby increased.

Sub-Section IIA Basic characteristics

6. 1) First symbol - type of modulation of the main carrier

file://D:\My Received Files\MaritimeDocuments\PagesWeb\Gmdss\Appendix S1 - Designa... 26-11-05

Appendix S1 - Designation of emissions Page 3 of 15

1.1 Emission of an unmodulated carrier N N

Emission in which the main carrier is amplitude-modulated (including cases where sub-
1.2
carriers are angle-modulated)
1.2.1 Double-sideband A
1.2.2 Single-sideband, full carrier H
1.2.3 Single-sideband, reduced or variable level carrier R
1.2.4 Single-sideband, suppressed carrier J
1.2.5 Independent sidebands B
1.2.6 Vestigial sideband C
1.3 Emission in which the main carrier is anglemodulated
1.3.1 Frequency modulation F
1.3.2 Phase modulation G
Emission in which the main carrier is amplitude- and angle-modulated either
1.4 D
simultaneously or in a pre-established sequence
1.5 Emission of pulses 2
1.5.1 Sequence of unmodulated pulses P
1.5.2 A sequence of pulses
1.5.2.1 modulated in amplitude K
1.5.2.2 modulated in width/duration L
1.5.2.3 modulated in position/phase M
1.5.2.4 in which the carrier is angle-modulated during the period of the pulse Q
1.5.2.5 which is a combination of the foregoing or is produced by other means V
Cases not covered above, in which an emission consists of the main carrier modulated,
1.6 either simultaneously or in a pre-established sequence, in a combination of two or more W
of the following modes: amplitude, angle, pulse
1.7 Cases not otherwise covered X

2Emissions where the main carrier is directly modulated by a signal which has been coded into
quantized form (e.g. pulse code modulation) should be designated under 1.2) or 1.3).

2) Second symbol - nature of signal(s) modulating the main carrier

2.1 No modulating signal 0

A single channel containing quantized or digital information without the use of a
2.2 1
modulating sub-carrier3
A single channel containing quantized or digital information with the use of a
2.3 2
modulating sub-carrier3
2.4 A single channel containing analogue information 3
2.5 Two or more channels containing quantized or digital information 7
2.6 Two or more channels containing analogue information 8

file://D:\My Received Files\MaritimeDocuments\PagesWeb\Gmdss\Appendix S1 - Designa... 26-11-05

Appendix S1 - Designation of emissions Page 4 of 15

Composite system with one or more channels containing quantized or digital

2.7 8
information, together with one or more channels containing analogue information
2.8 Cases not otherwise covered X

3 This excludes time-division multiplex.

3) Third symbol - type of information to be transmitted 4

3.1 No information transmitted N

3.2 Telegraphy - for aural reception A
3.3 Telegraphy - for automatic reception B
3.4 Facsimile C
3.5 Data transmission, telemetry, telecommand D
3.6 Telephony (including sound broadcasting) E
3.7 Television (video) F
3.8 Combination of the above W
3.9 Cases not otherwise covered X

4 In this context the word "information" does not include information of a constant, unvarying nature
such as is provided by standard frequency emissions, continuous wave and pulse radars, etc.

Sub-Section IIB Optional characteristics for the classification of emissions

7 Two optional characteristics should be added for a more complete description of an emission. These
are:

Fourth symbol - Details of signal(s)

Fifth symbol - Nature of multiplexing

Where the fourth or fifth symbol is used it shall be as indicated below.

Where the fourth or the fifth symbol is not used this should be indicated by a dash where each symbol
would otherwise appear.

file://D:\My Received Files\MaritimeDocuments\PagesWeb\Gmdss\Appendix S1 - Designa... 26-11-05

Appendix S1 - Designation of emissions Page 5 of 15

1) Fourth symbol - Details of signal(s)

1.1 Two-condition code with elements of differing numbers and/or durations A

Two-condition code with elements of the same number and duration without error-
1.2 B
correction
Two-condition code with elements of the same number and duration with error-
1.3 C
correction
Four-condition code in which each condition represents a signal element (or one or
1.4 D
more bits)
Multi-condition code in which each condition represents a signal element (of one or
1.5 E
more bits)
Multi-condition code in which each condition or combination of conditions represents
1.6 F
a character
1.7 Sound of broadcasting quality (monophonic) G
1.8 Sound of broadcasting quality (stereophonic or quadraphonic) H
Sound of commercial quality (excluding categories given in sub-paragraphs 1.10 and
1.9 J
1.11)
1.10 Sound of commercial quality with the use of frequency inversion or band-splitting K
Sound of commercial quality with separate frequency-modulated signals to control the
1.11 L
level of demodulated signal
1.12 Monochrome M
1.13 Colour N
1.14 Combination of the above W
1.15 Cases not otherwise covered X

2. Fifth symbol - Nature of multiplexing

2.1 None N
2.2 Code-division multiplex 5 C
2.3 Frequency-division multiplex F
2.4 Time-division multiplex T
2.5 Combination of frequency-division multiplex and time-division multiplex W
2.6 Other types of multiplexing X

5 This includes bandwith expansion techniques.

file://D:\My Received Files\MaritimeDocuments\PagesWeb\Gmdss\Appendix S1 - Designa... 26-11-05

Appendix S1 - Designation of emissions Page 6 of 15

PART B
Determination of Necessary Bandwidths Including Examples
for their Calculation and Associated Examples
for the Designation of Emissions

For the full designation of an emission, the necessary bandwidth, indicated in four characters, shall be
added just before the classification symbols. When used, the necessary bandwidth shall be determined
by one of the following methods:

1) use of the formulae included in the following table which also gives examples of necessary
bandwidths and designation of corresponding emissions;

2) computation in accordance with ITU-R Recommendations1 ;

3) measurement, in cases not covered by 1) or 2) above.

However, the necessary bandwidth so determined is not the only characteristic of an emission to be
considered in evaluating the interference that may be caused by that emission.

In the formulation of the table, the following terms have been employed:

Bn = Necessary bandwidth in hertz

B = Modulation rate in bauds

N = Maximum possible number of black plus white elements to be transmitted per second, in facsimile

M = Maximum modulation frequency in hertz

C = Sub-carrier frequency in hertz

D = Peak deviation, i.e., half the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the
instantaneous frequency. The instantaneous frequency in hertz is the time rate of change in phase in
radians divided by 2 pi

t = Pulse duration in seconds at half-amplitude

tr = Pulse rise time in seconds between 10% and 90% amplitude

K = An overall numerical factor which varies according to the emission and which depends upon the
allowable signal distortion

Nc = Number of baseband channels in radio systems employing multi-channel multiplexing

fp = Continuity pilot sub-carrier frequency (Hz) (continuous signal utilized to verify performance of
frequency-division multiplex systems).

file://D:\My Received Files\MaritimeDocuments\PagesWeb\Gmdss\Appendix S1 - Designa... 26-11-05

Appendix S1 - Designation of emissions Page 7 of 15

Description of Necessary Bandwidth Designation of

Emission Formula Sample Calculation Emission
I. NO MODULATING SIGNAL
Continuous wave
- - NONE
emission
II. AMPLITUDE MODULATION
1. Signal with Quantized or Digital Information
Bn = BK 25 words per minute;
Continuous wave
K = 5 for fading circuits B = 20, K = 5
telegraphy, 100HA1AAN
K = 3 for nonfading Bandwidth:
Morse code
circuits 100 Hz
25 words per minute;
Telegraphy by Bn = BK + 2M B = 20, M = 1 000,
on-off keying of K = 5 for fading circuits K=5
2K10A2AAN
a tone modulated K = 3 for nonfading Bandwidth:
carrier, Morse code circuits 2 100 Hz
= 2.1 kHz
Maximum code
Selective calling signal frequency is:
using sequential 2 110 Hz
single frequency code, Bn = M M = 2 110 2K11H2BFN
single-sideband full Bandwidth:
carrier 2 110 Hz
= 2.11 kHz
Direct-printing
telegraphy using a
B = 50
frequency shifted
D = 35 Hz (70 Hz shift)
modulating sub-carrier, Bn = 2M + 2DK
K = 1.2 134HJ2BCN
with error-correction, M=B/2
Bandwidth:
single-sideband,
134 Hz
suppressed carrier
(single channel)
15 channels;
highest central
Telegraphy, multi-
frequency is:
channel with voice
2 805 Hz
frequency, error-
Bn = highest central B = 100
correction,
frequency + M + DK D = 42.5 Hz 2K89R7BCW
some channels are time-
M=B/2 (85 Hz shift)
division multiplexed,
K = 0.7
singlesideband,
Bandwidth:
reduced carrier
2 885 Hz
= 2.885 kHz
2. Telephony (Commercial Quality)

file://D:\My Received Files\MaritimeDocuments\PagesWeb\Gmdss\Appendix S1 - Designa... 26-11-05

Appendix S1 - Designation of emissions Page 8 of 15

M = 3 000
Telephony, double-
Bandwidth:
sideband Bn = 2M 6K00A3EJN
6 000 Hz
(single channel)
= 6 kHz
Telephony, single- M = 3 000
sideband, Bandwidth:
Bn = M 3K00H3EJN
full carrier 3 000 Hz
(single channel) = 3 kHz
M = 3 000
Telephony, single- lowest modulation
Bn = M -
sideband, frequency is 300 Hz
lowest modulation 2K70J3EJN
suppressed carrier Bandwidth:
frequency
(single channel) 2 700 Hz
= 2.7 kHz
Telephony with separate
frequency modulated Maximum control
signal to control the frequency is 2 990 Hz
level of demodulated M = 2 990
Bn = M 2K99R3ELN
speech signal, single- Bandwidth:
sideband, reduced carrier 2 990 Hz
(Lincompex) (single = 2.99 kHz
channel)
Nc = 2
M = 3 000
Telephony with privacy, Bn = Nc M -
lowest modulation
single-sideband, lowest modulation
frequency is 250 Hz 5K75J8EKF
suppressed carrier frequency
Bandwidth:
(two or more channels) in the lowest channel
5 750 Hz
= 5.75 kHz
2 channels
Telephony, independent M = 3 000
Bn = sum of M for each
sideband Bandwidth: 6K00B8EJN
sideband
(two or more channels) 6 000 Hz
= 6 kHz
Description of Necessary Bandwidth Designation of
Emission Formula Sample Calculation Emission
3. Sound Broadcasting
Bn = 2M Speech and music,
M may vary between M = 4 000
Sound broadcasting,
4 000 and 10 000 Bandwidth: 8K00A3EGN
double-sideband
depending on the 8 000 Hz
quality desired = 8 kHz
Bn = M Speech and music,
Sound broadcasting,
M may vary between M = 4 000
single-sideband,
4 000 and 10 000 Bandwidth: 4K00R3EGN
reduced carrier
depending on the 4 000 Hz
(single channel)
quality desired = 4 kHz

file://D:\My Received Files\MaritimeDocuments\PagesWeb\Gmdss\Appendix S1 - Designa... 26-11-05

Appendix S1 - Designation of emissions Page 9 of 15

Speech and music,

M = 4 500
Sound broadcasting, lowest modulation
Bn = M - lowest
single-sideband, frequency = 50 Hz; 4K45J3EGN
modulation frequency
suppressed carrier Bandwidth:
4 450 Hz
= 4.45 kHz
4. Television
Number of lines = 625;
Nominal video
bandwidth: 5 MHz
Sound carrier relative to
Refer to relevant ITU-R video carrier =
documents for the 5.5 MHz; 6M25C3F --
Television,
bandwidths of the Total vision bandwidth:
vision and sound
commonly used 6.25 MHz; 750KF3EGN
television systems FM sound bandwidth
including guardbands:
750 kHz
RF channel bandwidth:
7 MHz
5. Facsimile
N = 1 100
corresponding to an
index of cooperation of
352 and a cycler
Analogue facsimile rotation speed of 60
by sub-carrier rpm. Index of
Bn =
frequency modulation cooperation is the
C + N/2 + DK 2K89R3CMN
of a single-sideband product of the drum
K = 1.1 (typically)
emission with reduced diameter and number of
carrier, monochrome lines per unit length.
C = 1 900 D = 400 Hz
Bandwidth:
2 890 Hz
= 2.89 kHz
Analogue facsimile;
frequency modulation
N = 1 100
of an audio frequency
Bn = 2M + 2DK D = 400 Hz
sub-carrier which
M =N/2 Bandwidth: 1K98J3C --
modulates the main
K = 1.1 (typically) 1 980 Hz
carrier, single-
= 1.98 kHz
sideband suppressed
carrier
6. Composite Emissions
Video limited to 5 MHz,
audio on 6.5 MHz,
frequency modulated

file://D:\My Received Files\MaritimeDocuments\PagesWeb\Gmdss\Appendix S1 - Designa... 26-11-05

Appendix S1 - Designation of emissions Page 10 of 15

sub-carrier, sub-carrier
deviation = 50 kHz:
C = 6.5 106
Double-sideband, D = 50 103 Hz
Bn = 2C + 2M + 2D 13M1A8W --
television relay M = 15 000
Bandwidth:
13.13 106 Hz
= 13.13 MHz
10 voice channels
occupying baseband
between 1 kHz and
Double-sideband radio-
164 kHz
relay system, frequency Bn = 2M 328KA8E --
M = 164 000
division multiplex
Bandwidth:
328 000 Hz
= 328 kHz
The main carrier is
modulated by:
- a 30 Hz sub-carrier
- a carrier resulting
from a 9 960 Hz tone
frequency modulated by
Double-sideband
a 30 Hz tone
emission of VOR
Bn = 2Cmax - a telephone channel
with voice
+ 2M + 2DK - a 1 020 Hz keyed 20K9A9WWF
(VOR = VHF
K = 1 (typically) tone for continual Morse
omnidirectional
identification
radio range)
Cmax = 9 960
M = 30
D = 480 Hz
Bandwidth:
20 940 Hz
= 20.94 kHz
Normally composite
systems are operated
Independent sidebands; in accordance with
several telegraph standardized channel
channels with arrangements
error-correction together Bn = sum of (e.g. CCIR Rec. 348-2).
12K0B9WWF
with several telephone M for each sideband 3 telephone channels
channels with privacy; and 15 telegraphy
frequency division channels require the
multiplex bandwidth
12 000 Hz
= 12 kHz
Description of Necessary Bandwidth Designation of
Emission Formula Sample Calculation Emission
III-A. FREQUENCY MODULATION

file://D:\My Received Files\MaritimeDocuments\PagesWeb\Gmdss\Appendix S1 - Designa... 26-11-05

Appendix S1 - Designation of emissions Page 11 of 15

1. Signal with Quantized or Digital Information

Bn = 2M + 2DK B = 100
Telegraphy without D = 85 Hz
error-correction (170 Hz shift) 304HF1BBN
M = B/2
(single channel) Bandwidth:
304 Hz
K = 1.2 (typically)

Telegraphy, Bn = 2M + 2DK B = 100

narrow-band direct- D = 85 Hz
printing with error- (170 Hz shift) 304HF1BCN
M = B/2
correction Bandwidth:
(single channel) 304 Hz
K = 1.2 (typically)

Bn = 2M + 2DK B = 100
D = 85 Hz
Selective calling
(170 Hz shift) 304HF1BCN
signal M = B/2
Bandwidth:
304 Hz
K = 1.2 (typically)

Bn = 2M + 2DK Spacing between

B = Modulation rate in adjacent frequencies =
bauds of the faster 400 Hz;
channel. Synchronized channels
Four-frequency duplex If the channels are B = 100
synchronized: 1K42F7BDX
telegraphy M = 50
D = 600 Hz
M = B/2 Bandwidth:
1 420 Hz
(otherwise M = 2B) = 1.42 kHz
K = 1.1 (typically)
2. Telephony (Commercial Quality)
For an average case of
Bn = 2M + 2DK
commercial telephony,
K=1
D = 5 000 Hz
Commercial (typically, but under
M = 3 000 16K0F3EJN
telephony certain conditions a
Bandwidth:
higher value may be
16 000 Hz
necessary)
= 16 kHz
3. Sound Broadcasting
Monaural
D = 75 000 Hz
Bn = 2M + 2DK M = 15 000
Sound broadcasting 180KF3EGN
K = 1 (typically) Bandwidth:
180 000 Hz
= 180 kHz
4. Facsimile

file://D:\My Received Files\MaritimeDocuments\PagesWeb\Gmdss\Appendix S1 - Designa... 26-11-05

Appendix S1 - Designation of emissions Page 12 of 15

Bn = 2M + 2DK N = 1 100 elements/sec;

Facsimile by direct
D = 400 Hz
frequency modulation
Bandwidth: 1K98F1C --
of the carrier; M = N/2
1 980 Hz
black and white
= 1.98 kHz
K = 1.1 (typically)

Bn = 2M + 2DK N = 1 100 elements/sec;

D = 400 Hz
Analogue facsimile Bandwidth: 1K98F3C --
M = N/2
1 980 Hz
= 1.98 kHz
K = 1.1 (typically)
5. Composite Emissions (see Table III-B)
60 telephone channels
occupying baseband
between 60 kHz and
300 kHz;
rms per-channel
deviation: 200 kHz;
continuity pilot at
331 kHz produces
Radio-relay system, Bn = 2fp + 2DK 100 kHz rms deviation
frequency division of main carrier. 3M70F8EJF
multiplex K = 1 (typically) D = 200 103 3.76
2.02 = 1.52 106 Hz;

fp = 0.331 106 Hz;

Bandwidth:
3.702 106 Hz
= 3.702 MHz

960 telephone channels

occupying baseband
between 60 kHz and
4 028 kHz; rms per-
channel deviation:
200 kHz;
Radio-relay system, Bn = 2M + 2DK continuity pilot at
frequency division 4 715 kHz produces 16M3F8EJF
multiplex K = 1 (typically) 140 kHz rms deviation
of main carrier.
D = 200 103 3.76
5.5 = 4.13 106 Hz;
M = 4.028 106;

fp = 4.715 106;
(2M + 2DK) > 2 fp

file://D:\My Received Files\MaritimeDocuments\PagesWeb\Gmdss\Appendix S1 - Designa... 26-11-05

Appendix S1 - Designation of emissions Page 13 of 15

Radio-relay system,
frequency division
multiplex
Bandwidth:
16.32 106 Hz
= 16.32 MHz
600 telephone channels
occupying baseband
between 60 kHz and
2 540 kHz;
rms per-channel
deviation: 200 kHz;
continuity pilot at
8 500 kHz produces
140 kHz rms deviation
of main carrier.
Bn = 2fp D = 200 103 3.76 17M0F8EJF
4.36 = 3.28 106 Hz;
M = 2.54 106;
K = 1;

fp = 8.5 106;
(2M + 2DK) < 2 fp

Bandwidth:
17 106 Hz = 17 MHz
Pilot tone system;
Stereophonic sound
Bn = 2M + 2DK M = 75 000
broadcasting with
D = 75 000 Hz 300KF8EHF
multiplexed subsidiary
K = 1 (typically) Bandwidth:
telephony sub-carrier
300 000 Hz = 300 kHz

III-B. MULTIPLYING FACTORS FOR USE IN COMPUTING D,

PEAK FREQUENCY DEVIATION, IN FM FREQUENCY DIVISION
MULTIPLEX (FM/FDM) MULTI-CHANNEL EMISSSIONS

For FM/FDM systems the necessary bandwidth is:

Bn = 2M + 2DK

The value of D, or peak frequency deviation, in these formulae for Bn is calculated by multiplying the
rms value of per-channel deviation by the appropriate "Multiplying factor" shown below.

In the case where a continuity pilot of frequency fp exists above the maximum modulation frequency
M, the general formula becomes:

Bn = 2fp + 2DK

In the case where the modulation index of the main carrier produced by the pilot is less than 0.25, and

file://D:\My Received Files\MaritimeDocuments\PagesWeb\Gmdss\Appendix S1 - Designa... 26-11-05

Appendix S1 - Designation of emissions Page 14 of 15

the rms frequency deviation of the main carrier produced by the pilot is less than or equal to 70% of
the rms value of per-channel deviation, the general formula becomes either

Bn = 2fp or Bn = 2M + 2DK

whichever is greater.
Multiplying factor 1
Number of
telephone channels value in dB above modulation reference
Nc (peak factor) antilog level
________________________________
20

value in dB specified by the equipment

manufacturer or station license, subject to
3 < Nc < 12 4.47 antilog administration approval
________________________________
20

2.6 + 2 log Nc
12< Nc < 60 3.76 antilog ____________________
20

_______________

1 In the above chart, the multipliers 3.76 and 4.47 correspond to peak factors of 11.5 dB and 13.0 dB,
respectively.

Multiplying factor 1
Number of
telephone channels value in dB above modulation reference
Nc (peak factor) antilog level
_______________________________
20

-1 + 4 log Nc
60 < Nc < 240 3.76 antilog ___________________
20

-15 + 10 log Nc
Nc < 240 3.76 antilog ____________________
20

_______________

1 In the above chart, the multiplier 3.76 corresponds to a peak factor of 11.5 dB.

file://D:\My Received Files\MaritimeDocuments\PagesWeb\Gmdss\Appendix S1 - Designa... 26-11-05

Appendix S1 - Designation of emissions Page 15 of 15

Description of Necessary Bandwidth Designation of

Emission Formula Sample Calculation Emission
IV. PULSE MODULATION
1. Radar
Primary Radar
Range resolution: 150 m
Bn = 2K / t
K = 1.5 (triangular pulse
where t tr, only
K depends upon the components down to 27
ratio of pulse duration dB from the strongest
Unmodulated pulse to pulse rise time. Its are considered) 3M00P0NAN
emission value usually
falls between 1and 10
Then:
and in many cases it
does not need
Bandwidth:
to exceed 6
3 106 Hz
= 3 MHz
2. Composite Emissions
Pulse position
modulated by 36 voice
channel baseband; pulse
width at half amplitude
= 0.4 ms
Bn = 2K / t
Radio-relay system Bandwidth: 8M00M7EJT
K = 1.6
8 106 Hz
= 8 MHz
(Bandwidth independent
of the number of voice
channels)

file://D:\My Received Files\MaritimeDocuments\PagesWeb\Gmdss\Appendix S1 - Designa... 26-11-05