General Studies Manual For UPSC and State Public Services Examinations 2014

General Studies Manual
for
UPSC and State Public Services
Examinations
2014
Indian Economy
Module-10: Basics of Money and Banking
www.gktoday.in
First Published in 2010

Last Updated: November 2012
2010-2012 Suresh Soni | All Rights Reserved

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Member Name: sunil kumar Member's Email address: tripathisunilkumar21@gmail.com 120.56.225.142

General Studies Manual for UPSC and State Public Service Examinations
Indian Economy 10: Basic Concepts in Money and Banking
Contents
Chapter 1. Money 3
Introduction to Money 3
Functions of Money 3
Near Money 4
Money Supply 5
Narrow Money ................................................................................... 5
Broad Money ..................................................................................... 5
Reserve Money:.................................................................................. 6
Factors affecting Money Supply ........................................................ 6
Value of Money ................................................................................. 7
Chapter 2. Inflation 7
Inflation and Economy 7
Types of Inflation 7
Measures to Contain Inflation 8
Monetary Measures ........................................................................... 8
Fiscal Measures ................................................................................. 8
Measurement of Inflation 8
Wholesale Price Index ....................................................................... 9
Consumer Price Index ........................................................................ 9
New Consumer Price Index .............................................................. 10
Revision in Price Indices: .................................................................. 11
GDP Deflator.................................................................................... 11
Chapter 3. Commercial Banking 11
Introduction 11
Structure of Banking in India........................................................... 11
Reserve Bank of India: 12
History of RBI - Some Landmarks................................................... 12
Structure of RBI: .............................................................................. 13
Reserve Bank of India : Subsidiaries................................................ 14
RBI as Issuer of Currency ................................................................. 15
RBI as Banker and Debt Manager to the Government .................... 17
Regulation of the Commercial Banks.............................................. 18
Regulations of Foreign Banks.......................................................... 19
Monetary Policy of RBI 19
Objectives of the Monetary Policy ................................................... 19
Open Market Operations ................................................................. 20
Liquidity Adjustment Facility........................................................... 20
Repo Rate ........................................................................................ 20
Reverse Repo Rate:.......................................................................... 21
Marginal Standing Facility .............................................................. 21
Quantitative Measures v/s Qualitative Measures........................... 21
Base Rate System............................................................................ 22
Scheduled Banks of India 22
Current Number of Nationalized Banks: ......................................... 23
Private Sector Scheduled Banks...................................................... 23
Chapter 4. Banking Related Terms and Concepts 23
Current Account and Savings Accounts 23
Difference between Current Account and Saving Accounts: ........... 24
CASA Deposits: ................................................................................ 24
Term Deposits.................................................................................. 24
Deregulation of Saving Banks Accounts Interest Rates .................. 25
NRO, NE(E)RA and FCNA(A) Accounts 25
Deposit Insurance 26
Negotiable Instruments 26
Holder:............................................................................................. 26
Holder in Due Course:...................................................................... 27
Promissory Note .............................................................................. 27
Bill of Exchange ............................................................................... 27
Cheque............................................................................................. 28
Cheque Truncation:.......................................................................... 30
Demand Drafts ................................................................................ 30
Asset Liability Management 31
Takeout Financing 31
Bancassurance 33
Universal Banking 33
Narrow Banking: 34

Non Performing Assets (NPA) 34

Wilful Default 34
Cross Selling 35
Priority Sector Lending 35
Self Help Groups 36
Lead Bank Scheme 36
Regional Rural Banks 37
Turnaround of RRBs ........................................................................ 39
Financial Inclusion 39
Summary of the Rangarajan Committee Report on Financial
Inclusion: ......................................................................................... 40
FIF and FITF ..................................................................................... 41
Financial Inclusion Plans ................................................................. 41
Chapter 1. Money
Introduction to Money

o
o
o
Prior

commodity gradually
".
commodity money.
started getting commodity

their

existencejiaozi promissorynotes.

currency

money guarantee
country
h

It
Functions of Money
.


exchange:
account:

payment:

Near Money
Model Question - 1.
Consider the following:
1. Fixed Deposits
2. T-Bills
3. Gilt-edged securities
4. Real Estate
Which among the above is / are Near money?
Answer: 1

. There are two types of deposits:
Demand deposits: The money we keep in our saving accounts is like
a medium of exchange and this is called Demand deposits. This is
because ownership of this deposit may be transferred from one
person to another via cheques or electronic transfers. There is no
fixed term to maturity for Demand Deposits.
` Time Deposits: If we deposit our money has an FD in the bank it
becomes a Time Deposit on which NO cheque is drawn. They are
paid on maturity at a particular time.
`

cheques,

-

-bills)


Money Supply
Model Question - 2.
Consider the following:
1. Money held with the households
2. Money held by Government in treasury
3. Money held by Reserve Bank as CRR
Which among the above are counted in Money Supply?
Answer: 2

following

N a rro w Mo n e y
Model Question - 3.
Which among the following is / are included in the Narrow Money?
1. Currency held by the public
2. Demand Deposits
3. Time Deposits
Choose the correct option:
Answer: 3
publiccomponents
circulation

eyM1.


Broad Money
Model Question - 4.
The sum of which among the following makes the Broad Money in India?
1. Currency with the Public
2. Demand Deposits with Banks
3. Time Deposits with Banks

4. Other Deposits with RBI

Choose the correct option: (IAS 1997)
Answer : 4

deposits

money
t 3

13

Reserve Money:

Factors affecting Money Supply

Member
sunil
Name:
kumar Member's Email tripathisunilkumar21@gmail.com
address:
120.56.225.142



Value of Money

ou

decreases
Chapter 2. Inflation

Inflation and Economy
Model Question - 5.
Excessive growth of money supply generally results in __?
1. Inflation
2. Higher Investments
3. Higher savings
Answer: 5

snon-.

is

Member
Name:

sunil kumar
Member's
Email
address: tripathisunilkumar21@gmail.com
120.56.225.142

Types of Inflation

Demand-
Demand-pull
-


economy.
Cost-

-

Built-

-

Measures to Contain Inflation
Model Question - 6.
Which among the following is / are monetary measure to contain inflation?
1. Reduction in import duties of essential commodities
2. Reduction in Cash Reserve Ratio
3. Increase in minimum export prices
Answer: 6

Monetary Measures

Fiscal Measures


Measurement of Inflation



- -

Wholesale Price Index

-
- -
re -

-05

Takes

Member Name: sunil kumar Member's
Email address:
tripathisunilkumar21@gmail.com 120.56.225.142

Consumer Price Index
have

o -

o
o -
o -
CPI-

New Consumer Price Index
F

-India

---

weigh

Comparison of Consumer Price Indices
Title CPI--IW CPI--AL CPI--RL WPI NEW CPI*
Base 2001 1986--87 1986--87 2004--05 2010
Lag** 1 month 18 days 18 days 14 days 15 days
Elementary items 320.00 260.00 260 676.00 Not to be less
than current CPI
Weight of food products (%) 48.47 69.15 66.77 24.30 49.71
Weight of energy products (%) 7.43 8.35 7.9 14.91 9.49
Weight of miscellaneous 23.26 11.73 11.87 Services 26.31
items, which primarily not included
include services (%)
No of collection centres Member Name: sunil kumar Member's Email 78 urban
address: 600 rural 600 120.56.225.142
tripathisunilkumar21@gmail.com rural Centralised 1,181 villages
centres centres centres collection and 310 towns
Note: Weights do not include all categories
Source: Statistics & programme implementation ministry, commerce ministry and labour ministry



Revision in Price Indices:

---

-
--
2009-
-

GDP Deflator

monthlag.
Chapter 3. Commercial Banking

Introduction

Structure of Banking in India

Sched


Reserve Bank of India:

-

To separate the control of currency and credit from the government
To augment banking facilities throughout the country.

`crore`

`

History of RBI - Some Landmarks

India.

I


-



-

-

India on the path of recovery. RBI plays a major role in developing India rising as a economic superpower.
Structure of RBI:
The Reserve Bank of India is wholly owned by the Government of India. Its structure is simply represented by the following:
A. Centr
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
Central Board of Directors
-

-
-

-
expe

Board for Financial Supervision

-


-

-
-



-

Board for Payment and Settlement Systems

-

- -

Sub-committees of the Central Board

operations.
Local Boards

-
-
Departments, Regional Offices, Branches and Centers

-

The Reserve Bank Staff College, Chennai
College of Agricultural Banking at Pune
Zonal Training Centres, located at regional offices, train non-executive staff.
Apart from that following are RBI funded Research Institutions:
National Institute of Bank Management (NIBM) : Pune,
Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research (IGIDR) : Mumbai
Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology (IDRBT) : Hyderabad.
Reserve Bank of India : Subsidiaries
Deposit Insurance and CredMember
it GuName:
arantsunil
ee kumar
CorpMember's
oratioEmail
n (Daddress:
ICGC)tripathisunilkumar21@gmail.com 120.56.225.142



Inter-

`

National Housing Bank (NHB)
-

Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran Private Limited (BRBNMPL)
-

Bengaluru.
Bengal.
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)

ll-

RBI as Issuer of Currency




```````
``
coins".

Th

Proportional Reserve System v/s Minimum Reserve System

`
`

Issue Department:

Currency Department:

Currency Chests

Locations of Note Printing Presses:

Member

Name: sunil kumar
Member's Email
address: tripathisunilkumar21@gmail.com
120.56.225.142

Coins and notes as Legal Tenders:



Star Series Notes:
`100.

RBI as Banker and Debt Manager to the Government

Minimum Cash Balance of the central Government:

Does RBI handle the banking of Individual Ministries ?

Ways and Means Advances: (WMA):

-

.
Management of Public Debt:

-

RBI as Banker of Banks:



offices.
LORL:

Financial Supervision
-
ba

1949.

Regulation of the Commercial Banks
Model Question - 7.
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) acts as a bankers' bank. This would imply which of the following?
1. Other banks retain their deposits with the RBI.
2. The RBI lends funds to the commercial banks in times of need.
3. The RBI advises the commercial banks on monetary matters
Select the Correct Answer: (IAS 2012)
Answer: 7

Corporate Governance:

CRR and SLR:
Sta-emptions.

Interest Rates:

non-
Prudential Norms:


-

Annual Onsite Inspection:
-

OSMOS:

analyses
Regulations of Foreign Banks

-

-

re.
Monetary Policy of RBI

T

Expansion".

Objectives of the Monetary Policy



o
o

Open Market Operations

Liquidity Adjustment Facility

signalling

Repo Rate



-term -
--

Reverse Repo Rate:

-

Marginal Standing Facility
-
-

-

-
-

Quantitative Measures v/s Qualitative Measures
The above measures quantitative measures of the RBI. There are some qualitative measures also. Here is a brief description of the
qualitative and quantitative measures.
The quantitative measures of credit control are :


it



ation:

The

Base Rate System

--

Scheduled Banks of India

tors.


Scheduled Banks
Scheduled
Scheduled Commercial Banks Co-operative
Banks
Foreign Regional
Public Sector Banks Private Sector Banks
Banks Rural Banks
Nationalized SBI and Old Private New Private

Banks Associates Sector banks Sector Banks

Current Number of Nationalized Banks:

1. 11.
2. 12.
3. 13.
4. 14.
5. 15.
6. Can 16.
7. 17.
8. 18.
9. 19.
10. 20.

21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
Private Sector Scheduled Banks

Old Private sector Bank New Private Sector Banks
Catholic Syrian Bank Ltd. Axis Bank Ltd.
City Union Bank Ltd. Development Credit Bank Ltd.
Dhanalakshmi Bank Ltd. HDFC Bank Ltd.
Federal Bank Ltd. ICICI Bank Ltd.
ING Vysya Bank Ltd. IndusInd Bank Ltd.
Jammu and Kashmir Bank Ltd. Kotak Mahindra Bank Ltd.
Karnataka Bank Ltd. Yes Bank Ltd.
Karur Vysya Bank Ltd.
Lakshmi Vilas Bank Ltd.
Nainital Bank Ltd.
Ratnakar Bank Ltd.
SBI Commercial and International Bank Ltd.
South Indian Bank Ltd.
Tamilnad Mercantile Bank LtdMember Name: sunil kumar Member's Email address: tripathisunilkumar21@gmail.com 120.56.225.142
Source: RBI
U
Chapter 4. Banking Related Terms and Concepts

Current Account and Savings Accounts
Model Question - 8.
Consider the following differences between the Current Accounts and Savings Accounts in Banks in India?
1. While current accounts usually earn no interests, Savings accounts earn interests on deposits

2. While current accounts deposits are usually demand deposits, saving account deposits are time deposits
3. While current accounts have overdraft facility, saving accounts generally have no overdraft facility
Which among the above statements is / are correct?
Answer: 8

deposits,

.
Difference between Current Account and Saving Accounts:

Transactions:
transactions.
Handling:

busi

Overdrafts:

CASA Deposits:
C

-

Member
Name: sunil Email
kumar Member's
address:
tripathisunilkumar21@gmail.com
120.56.225.142
Bank

Term Deposits


Re-

-

pers

Deregulation of Saving Banks Accounts Interest Rates

a

consumers.

-and-a-evel.

NRO, NE(E)RA and FCNA(A) Accounts

investments.
Non-

- -

(JPY)




Deposit Insurance
Model Question - 9.
A deposit made by an investor in India in which among the following is insured under Deposit Insurance?
1. Commercial Banks
2. Cooperative Banks
3. Primary Agriculture Cooperative Societies (PACS)
Answer: 9

that:

-

P),

o

o

`

` `
`

` `
D
`

`

Negotiable Instruments

India,


Holder:



Holder in Due Course:

-

Promissory Note

Is a currency Note a promissory note?

`
`

Bill of Exchange
BOE


Drawe



Inland Bill & Foreign Bill

Hundi:
B

Cheque

Bearer Cheque:

Dating:

I

Crossing:


ection.
Endorsement:



favour

`
`
`

endor

Crossed cheque versus A/C Payee cheque

counter.

A/C Payee cheques

CTS- 2010
From January 1, 2013, cheques which do not conform to CTS-2010
standards would not be entertained by banks. CTS-2010 is a set of
benchmarks towards achieving standardization of cheques issued by
banks all over India. These include provision of mandatory minimum
Name:
Member
sunil kumar Member's security features
Email address: on cheque forms 120.56.225.142
tripathisunilkumar21@gmail.com such as quality of paper, watermark,
banks logo in invisible ink, void pantograph and standardization of
field placements on cheques. Indian Banks Association (IBA) and
National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) are co-ordinating with
the banks on implementation of the new standard. The benchmark
prescriptions known as CTS-2010 standard are to be implemented by
December 31, 2012.
Benefits:
Operational efficiency
Homogeneity in security features
No fear of loss of instruments in transit.
Limitations of the existing clearing system in terms of
geography or jurisdiction can be removed.
Shorter
2010-2012 Suresh clearing
Soni | All Rights cycle
Reserved

Cheque Truncation:

ent.

Demand Drafts
Model Question - 10.
A person reaches the Bank with a Demand Draft payable to his account. At this situation, the Bank works as which of the
following?
A. Creditor
B. Debtor
C. Beneficiary
D. Trustee
Answer: 10

honour

arrangement,
W
trustee

`
`
Draft
Cheque versus Draft:



Asset Liability Management
short--
-

-
mismatch.

Consequences of the Asset Liability Mismatch

Asset Liability Management (ALM)

-
tenure-

Takeout Financing
Member Name: sunil kumar Member's Email address: tripathisunilkumar21@gmail.com
120.56.225.142



maturity
-

Takeou
How it works?

1.
2.

1.
2.
3.

ution.

Financing

fulfil
-
-
II

The Objectives are: Member Name: sunil kumar Member's Email address: tripathisunilkumar21@gmail.com 120.56.225.142
1.
2. -

3.

The Projects:


1.
2.
3.
areas;
4.

5.
6.
Bancassurance

Benefits:

1.
2.

Business Model:

RBI Guidelines:

`

Re

Universal Banking


Advantages: 2.
1.
profitability

3.
hig

4. 1.
5.
6. 2.
7. 'one-
costs 3.
Hurdles:
Narrow Banking:

Non Performing Assets (NPA)
A farmer has taken a loan for a paddy crop in the beginning of the Rabi Season and has not made a repayment. In which of the
following situations, if Instalment or interest is not paid for this loan, it would become a NPA (Non Performing Asset)?
A. 90 Days from the due date
B. 90 Days from the end of the Rabi Season
C. 1 crop season from the due date
D. 2 crop seasons from the due date
Answer: 11

o

o

Howev

A


Wilful Default


o
o
o
wilfulwilful
wilfulde
wilful

wilful
`

Cross Selling

1.
2.
3.

persona
-a-
Priority Sector Lending
The commercial banks in India have been given a fixed target to disburse small loans to priority sector. Which among the
following come / comes under the Priority sector?
1. Agriculture Loans
2. Education Loans
3. Micro-credit via self help groups
4. Small Housing Loans
Answer: 12
i

Dr
Krishnaswamy



Res
R
Re
eeserved
d

Self Help Groups

-
usually

agencies.
-
projects

SHG Bank Linkage Programme
-
-
SHG-
recommendationof

1.

2.

3.

intermediaries.
-

SHG-Post office Linkage Programme

-

e
t

Lead Bank Scheme


e



E

Here

District
-

l

fulfil

quarterDistri

Regional Rural Banks
In context with the Regional Rural banks (RRB) , consider the following statements:
1. They are established by State Government
2. Every state in India has a state level RRB
3. Most of the RRBs have been loss making entities
Choose the correct option: Member Name: sunil kumar Member's Email address: tripathisunilkumar21@gmail.com 120.56.225.142
Answer: 13
1969

1975



o Cgovernment
o
o Sponsorbank

Year Banks Branches
Dec. 1975 6 17
Dec. 1980 85 3279
Dec. 1985 188 12606
Mar. 1990 196 14443

-

self-

`

committeeBUT

Member Name:
sunil kumar
Member's Email
address:
tripathisunilkumar21@gmail.com
120.56.225.142

non-

-
sit-


Turnaround of RRBs

5%

2011--13.

state-

of

Financial Inclusion
The Government has been making efforts for 100% Financial Inclusion in recent times. What does Financial Inclusion comprise?
1. Access to Credit
2. Access to Financial Advice
3. Access to Insurance
4. Access to affordable credit
Answer: 14
elivery

" Financial Inclusion includes:
Regular financial
Intermediation
Member Name: sunil kumar Member's Email address: tripathisunilkumar21@gmail.com
120.56.225.142 such as Banking which
includes basic no frills accounts for sending and receiving
money.

Saving Products which are suitable to the pattern of cash
flow of the poor household.
Availability of the Money transfer facilities
Availability of small loans and overdrafts for productive ,
personal and other uses.

-



innovative.

o
o
o Insurance
o mittance
o
o Savings

approaches

Summary of the Rangarajan Committee Report on Financial Inclusion:

-

Financia

M-

o

repres

-
i-
-
-olds.
T

Thi



Ulti
country.

non-
Process

Inclusion
-

mid-

Micro-Fin

-
-
-
micro-
semi-

-

FIF and FITF
T
nd
`

Financial Inclusion Plans



inclusion.

Answers of the Model Questions
1
1, 2 & 3 Only. I have discussed why real estate is not near money.
2
Only 1
3
1&2
4
1, 2 & 3
5
Only 1
6
Only 2
7
Only 1 & 2. RBI does not advise the commercial banks on Monetary Matters.
8
1 & 3. Please check the second clause of the second statement
9
Only 1 & 2
10
Trustee
11
2 crop seasons from the due date
12
1, 2, 3& 4
13
Only 3 is correct statement,
14
1, 2, 3 & 4

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General Studies Manual

First Published in 2010

2010-2012 Suresh Soni | All Rights Reserved

Member Name: sunil kumar Member's Email address: tripathisunilkumar21@gmail.com 120.56.225.142

2010-2012 Suresh Soni | All Rights Reserved

Non Performing Assets (NPA) 34

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4. Other Deposits with RBI

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2010-2012 Suresh Soni | All Rights Reserved

Chapter 3. Commercial Banking

2010-2012 Suresh Soni | All Rights Reserved

Reserve Bank of India:

2010-2012 Suresh Soni | All Rights Reserved

  

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

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Member Name: sunil kumar Member's Email address: tripathisunilkumar21@gmail.com 120.56.225.142

2010-2012 Suresh Soni | All Rights Reserved

Nationalized SBI and Old Private New Private

Chapter 4. Banking Related Terms and Concepts

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

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