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B D
doing (vi) (v) i.e. H.curl E E. curl H = H. E.J E.
t t
B D
= H. t E. t E.J
as
div A B = B. curl A A curl B
B D
so
div E H = H. t E. t E.J
...(vii)
But B = H and D = E
B 1 2
so H.
t
= H.
t
H
2 t
H
1
=
t 2 H.B
D 1 2 1
and E.
t t 2 t
= E. E E E.D
t 2
1
so from equation (vii)
div E H =
t 2
H.B E.D E.J
1
or
E.J = H.B E.D div E H
t 2
...(viii)
1
E.J dV
= t 2 H.B E.D dV div E H dV
V V V
(24)
1 1 2
or E.J dV 2
= 2 H 2 E dV E H .ds
V V S
as
B = H, D E and div E H dV = E H .ds
V S
1 2 1 2
or E . J dV = t 2 H
2
E dV H .ds
E
V V S
U em
or E H .ds = t
dV E . J dV
s V V
U em
or P.ds t
dV E . J dV as P E H ...(ix)
s V V
i.e. Total power leaving the volume = rate of decrease of stored e.m. energy -
ohmic power dissipated due to charge motion
This equation (ix) represents the poynting theorem according to which the net power
flowing out of a given volume is equal to the rate of decrease of stored electromagnetic energy
in that volume minus the conduction losses.
In equation (ix) P.ds represents the amount of electromagnetic energy crossing the
s
closed surface per second or the rate of flow of outward energy through the surface S enclosing
volume V i.e. it is poynting vector.
U em 1 1 2
The term dV or 2 H
2
E dV, the terms 1 H 2 and 1 E 2 represent
V
t t V
2 2 2
the energy stored in electric and magnetic fields respectively and their sum denotes the total
energy stored in electromagnetic field. So total terms gives the rate of decrease of energy stored
in volume V due to electric and magnetic fields.
E.J dV gives the rate of energy transferred into the electromagnetic field.
V
(25)
This is also known as work-energy theorem. This is also called as the energy conservation
law in electromagnetism.