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2 Nouns that usually have a plural form (and take
referring to emotions, attitudes and preferences: *agree,
appreciate, attract, *desire, *doubt, expect, hate, hope, like,
a plural verb):
love, *prefer, regret belongings, earnings, goods, jeans, outskirts, particulars
(= information), premises (= building), pyjamas, riches, savings,
referring to mental states: anticipate, assume, *believe,
shoes, stairs, surroundings, thanks
consider, expect, feel, find, imagine, *know, realise, think,
The nouns police and people always take a plural verb, and
understand
the noun staff usually does.
referring to senses and perceptions: ache, hear, *notice, see,
*smell, sound, *taste
others: appear, *belong to, *consist of, *constitute, *contain, Unit 5: Countable and uncountable
cost, *differ from, fit, have, look, *mean, measure, *own, nouns
*possess, *resemble, *seem, weigh
(The state verbs marked * are rarely used with continuous 1 Nouns that are usually uncountable:
tenses, but may be if they refer to actions rather than states.) advice, applause, assistance, camping, cash, chaos, clothing,
conduct, employment, equipment, evidence, furniture, health,
2 Verbs with both state and action meanings: homework, information, leisure, luggage, machinery, money,
anticipate, appear, cost, expect, feel, fit, have, imagine, measure, music, parking, pollution, research, scenery, shopping, sightseeing,
see, think, weigh transport
3 Verbs that describe what we are doing as we 2 Nouns used uncountably when talking about
speak: the whole substance or idea, but countably when
acknowledge, admit, concede, contend, deny, guarantee, predict, talking about units or different kinds:
promise, suggest, swear beer, coffee, tea; fruit, shampoo, toothpaste, washing powder;
business, cake, land, paint, stone; abuse, conversation, (dis)
Unit 2: Future in the past agreement, difficulty, improvement, language, pain, pleasure,
protest, sound, space, thought, war
The future seen from the past: The following nouns are only used countably in the singular:
As it was such a lovely morning, Emma thought she would walk education, importance, knowledge, resistance
to work.
I had no idea what was going to happen next. 3 Nouns with a different meaning when used
I couldnt go to the meeting because I was leaving for Paris later countably and uncountably:
that day. accommodation, competition, glass, grammar, jam, lace, paper,
Greg rang to tell me when he would be arriving. property, room, sight, speech, time, tin, traffic, work
Seeing there was to be no more entertainment, the crowd began
to disperse.
It was announced that two new nuclear power stations were to Unit 6: Subjectverb agreement
be built by the end of the decade. with determiners, quantifiers and
I was about to start my lecture when the fire alarm went off. number expressions
1 We use a singular verb with:
Unit 5: Subject nounverb agreement
any of, none of, the majority of, a lot of, plenty of, all (of),
1 Nouns with a singular form that can be used some (of) + an uncountable noun:
with either a singular or plural verb (collective None of the information is very helpful.
nouns): All the money has now been spent.
army, association, audience, club, college, committee, community, everyone, everybody, everything (and similar words beginning
company, crowd, electorate, enemy, family, generation, any-, some- and no-):
government, group, jury, opposition, orchestra, population, press, Everyone agrees with me.
public, school, university If anybody phones, tell them Ill be back later.
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Unit 9: (In)transitive verbs, verb + 2 Verb + with + each other / one another:
two objects; verb + each other / one (dis)agree, argue, coincide, compete, cooperate, get along/on, live,
another play, work
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mean I meant to take my But it meant flying Unit 17: Common conjunctions and
camera with me. to Bali. sentence connectors
(= to say that we (= to say what a
intend(ed) to do particular attitude 1 Conjunctions
something) or action involves or
implies) time: after, as, as long as, before, hardly, no sooner, once, since,
when, while (more formally whilst), until (less formally till),
regret We regret to I regretted not whenever
announce that flight speaking Bahasa condition: assuming (that), considering (that), even if, given
XZ345 to Bali has Indonesian.
that, if, provided that, providing, unless
been cancelled. (= to say we are sorry
concession/contrast: although/though, even though, no
(= to say that we that we did or did
are about to do not do something) matter (what/who/which/how), while (more formally, whilst),
something we are not whereas, whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, whoever,
happy about) however, yet
exception: except (that), only
stop We stopped there to We stopped talking
purpose: in order (not) to, in order that, so as (not) to, so
admire the amazing immediately.
(that), to
sunset behind the (= to say what it is
reason: as, because, for, in case, in that, insofar as, seeing that,
mountain. that we stop doing)
(= to say why we stop since
doing something) result: so that, such that, in such a way that
try I tried to get on a I tried using the 2 Sentence connectors
later flight. camera in my mobile
time: after, afterward(s), before, earlier, later, meanwhile, in
(= to say that we phone.
the meantime, previously, simultaneously, subsequently
attempt to do (= to say we test
condition: if not, if so, otherwise
something) something to see if it
improves a situation) concession/contrast: all the same, alternatively, anyway
(less commonly anyhow; both used mainly in informal
speech), by/in contrast, conversely, even so, however, in any
case, instead, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the contrary, on the
other hand, still, though
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