Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
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Nondestructive Methods
of Examination
Mandatory Appendix
Appendix I Glossary of Terms for Nondestructive Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Nonmandatory Appendix
Appendix A Imperfection vs Type of NDE Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.1
Figure
T-275 Location Marker Sketches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Tables
T-233.1 Hole-Type IQI Designation, Thickness, and Hole Diameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
T-233.2 Wire IQI Designation, Wire Diameter, and Wire Identity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
T-276 IQI Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
T-283 Equivalent Hole-Type IQI Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Mandatory Appendices
Appendix I In-Motion Radiography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Appendix II Real-Time Radioscopic Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Appendix III Digital Image Acquisition, Display, and Storage for Radiography and
Radioscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Appendix IV Interpretation, Evaluation, and Disposition of Radiographic and Radioscopic
Examination Test Results Produced by the Digital Image Acquisition and
Display Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Appendix V Glossary of Terms for Radiographic Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
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Nonmandatory Appendices
Appendix A Technique Sketches for Pipe or Tube Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Appendix C Hole Type IQI Placement Sketches for Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Appendix D Number of IQIs (Special Cases) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Figures
I-263 Beam Width Determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
VI-A-1 Reference Film . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
C-210-1 Side and Top Views of Hole Type IQI Placements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
C-210-2 Side and Top Views of Hole Type IQI Placements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
C-210-3 Side and Top Views of Hole Type IQI Placements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
C-210-4 Side and Top Views of Hole Type IQI Placements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
D-210-1 Complete Circumference Cylindrical Component. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
D-210-2 Section of Circumference 240 Deg. or More Cylindrical Component . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
D-210-3 Section(s) of Circumference Less Than 240 Deg. Cylindrical Component . . . . . . . . . 58
D-210-4 Section(s) of Circumference Equal to or More Than 120 Deg. and Less Than 240
Deg. Cylindrical Component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
D-210-5 Complete Circumferential Welds Spherical Component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
D-210-6 Welds in Segments of Spherical Component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
D-210-7 Plan View A-A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
D-210-8 Array of Objects in a Circle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Figures
T-434.1.7.2 Ratio Limits for Curved Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
T-434.2.1 Non-Piping Calibration Blocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
T-434.3 Calibration Block for Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
T-434.4.1 Calibration Block for Techinque One . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
T-434.4.2.1 Alternate Calibration Block for Technique One . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
T-434.4.2.2 Alternate Calibration Block for Techniuqe One . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
T-434.4.3 Alternate Calibration Block for Technique Two . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Table
T-422 Requirements of an Ultrasonic Examination Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
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A03
Mandatory Appendices
Appendix I Screen Height Linearity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Appendix II Amplitude Control Linearity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Nonmandatory Appendices
Appendix A Layout of Vessel Reference Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Appendix B General Techniques for Angle Beam Calibrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Appendix C General Techniques for Straight Beam Calibrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
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Figures
I-440 Linearity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
B-462 Sweep Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
B-463 Sensitivity and DistanceAmplitude Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
B-464 Position Depth and Beam Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
B-465 Planar Reflections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
B-466 Beam Spread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
C-461 Sweep Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
C-462 Sensitivity and DistanceAmplitude Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
D-10 Reflector Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
E-460.1 Lateral Resolution and Depth Discrimination Block for 45 deg and 60 deg
Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
E-460.2 Lateral and Depth Resolution Block for 0 deg Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
G-461(a) Critical Radius Rc for Transducer/Couplant Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
G-461(b) Correction Factor (Gain) for Various Ultrasonic Examination Parameters. . . . . . . . . . 94
J-431 Basic Calibration Block. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
L-432 Example of a Flat Demonstration Block Containing Three Notches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.1
Table
G-461 Transducer Factor F1 for Various Ultrasonic Transducer Diameters and
Frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Table
T-522 Variables of an Ultrasonic Examination Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Mandatory Appendices
Appendix I Ultrasonic Examination of Pumps and Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Appendix II Inservice Examination of Nozzle Inside Corner Radius and Inner Corner Regions 109
Appendix III Glossary of Terms for Ultrasonic Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Appendix IV Inservice Examination of Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Tables
T-621 Requirements of a Liquid Penetrant Examination Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
T-672 Minimum Dwell Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Mandatory Appendices
Appendix I Glossary of Terms for Liquid Penetrant Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Appendix II Control of Contaminants for Liquid Penetrant Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.1
Appendix III Qualification Techniques for Examinations at Nonstandard Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . 128.3
Figure
III-630 Liquid Penetrant Comparator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.3
Table
T-721 Requirements of a Magnetic Particle Examination Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Mandatory Appendices
Appendix I Magnetic Particle Examination Using the AC Yoke Technique on Ferritic
Materials Coated With Nonmagnetic Coatings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Appendix II Glossary of Terms for Magnetic Particle Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Appendix III Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.2
Figures
III-722.1.1 MFL Reference Plate Dimensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.3
III-722.1.2 Reference Pipe or Tube Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.4
Tables
I-721 Requirements of AC Yoke Technique on Coated Ferritic Component. . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
III-723 Requirements of an MFL Examination Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.4
Nonmandatory Appendix
Appendix A Measurement of Tangential Field Strength with Gaussmeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.6
Mandatory Appendices
Appendix I Eddy Current Examination Method for Installed Nonferromagnetic Heat
Exchanger Tubing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Appendix II Eddy Current Examination of Nonferromagnetic Heat Exchanger Tubing. . . . . . . . . . 155
Appendix III Eddy Current (ET) Examination on Coated Ferritic Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Appendix IV Glossary of Terms for Eddy Current Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
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--``,`,,`,,`,``,,``,,,``,,,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Figures
I-862-1 Typical Signal Response From a Properly Calibrated Differential
Bobbin Coil Probe System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
I-862-2 Typical Signal Response From a Properly Calibrated Absolute
Bobbin Coil Probe System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
I-865-1 Phase Angle vs Flaw Depth Inconel Tube, 400 kHz (Typical
0.050 in. Wall Tube). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Table
T-823 Requirements of an Eddy Current Examination Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Mandatory Appendix
Appendix I Glossary of Terms for Visual Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Table
T-921 Requirements of a Visual Examination Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Mandatory Appendices
Appendix I Bubble Test Direct Pressure Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Appendix II Bubble Test Vacuum Box Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Appendix III Halogen Diode Detector Probe Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Appendix IV Helium Mass Spectrometer Test Detector Probe Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Appendix V Helium Mass Spectrometer Test Tracer Probe Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Appendix VI Pressure Change Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Appendix VII Glossary of Terms for Leak Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Appendix VIII Thermal Conductivity Detector Probe Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Appendix IX Helium Mass Spectrometer Test Hood Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Appendix X Ultrasonic Leak Detector Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194.1
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Nonmandatory Appendix
Appendix A Supplementary Leak Testing Formula Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Tables
I-1021 Requirements of a Direct Pressure Bubble Leak Testing Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
II-1021 Requirements of a Vacuum Box Leak Testing Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
III-1021 Requirements of a Halogen Diode Detector Probe Testing Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
III-1031 Tracer Gases .............................................................. 180
IV-1021 Requirements of a Helium Mass Spectrometer Detector Probe Testing Procedure . . 182
V-1021 Requirements of a Helium Mass Spectrometer Tracer Probe Testing Procedure . . . . 185
VI-1021 Requirements of a Pressure Change Testing Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
VIII-1031 Tracer Gases .............................................................. 190
VIII-1021 Requirements of a Thermal Conductivity Detector Probe Testing Procedure . . . . . . . 190
IX-1021 Requirements of a Helium Mass Spectrometer Hood Testing Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . 193
X-1021 Requirements of an Ultrasonic Leak Testing Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194.2
Figures
T-1142(c)(1)(a) Atmospheric Vessels Stressing Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
T-1142(c)(1)(b) Vacuum Vessels Stressing Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
T-1142(c)(1)(c) Test Algorithm Flowchart for Atmospheric Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
T-1142(c)(2)(a) Pressure Vessel Stressing Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
T-1142(c)(2)(b) Algorithm Flowchart for Pressure Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Tables
T-1121 Requirements for Reduced Operating Level Immediately Prior to
Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
T-1181 Evaluation Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Mandatory Appendices
Appendix I Instrumentation Performance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Appendix II Instrument Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Appendix III Glossary of Terms for Acoustic Emission Examination of Fiber-Reinforced
Plastic Vessels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Nonmandatory Appendix
Appendix A Sensor Placement Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
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A03
Figure
I-1183 Sample of Schematic of AE Instrumentation for Vessel Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Figure
T-1244.3.2 An Example of Pressure Vessel Test Stressing Sequence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Table
T-1281 An Example of Evaluation Criteria for Zone Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Mandatory Appendices
Appendix I Instrumentation Performance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Appendix II Instrument Calibration and Cross-Referencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Appendix III Glossary of Terms for Acoustic Emission Examination of Metal
Pressure Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Nonmandatory Appendices
Appendix A Sensor Placement Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Appendix B Supplemental Information for Conducting Acoustic Emission Examinations. . . . . . . . 237
Figures
T-1331 Functional Flow Diagram Continuous AE Monitoring System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
T-1332.2 Response of a Waveguide AE Sensor Inductively Tuned to 500 kHz . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Mandatory Appendices
Appendix I Nuclear Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
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Appendix II Non-Nuclear Metal Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Appendix III Non-Metallic Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Appendix IV Limited Zone Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Appendix V Hostile Environment Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Appendix VI Leak Detection Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Appendix VII Glossary of Terms for Acoustic Emission Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Figures
V-1322 Metal Waveguide AE Sensor Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
V-1323 Mounting Fixture for Steel Waveguide AE Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Tables
II-1351 An Example of Evaluation Criteria for Zone Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
II-1352 An Example of Evaluation Criteria for Multisource Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Tables
T-1472.1 Total Number of Samples for a Given Number of Misses at a Specified
Confidence Level and POD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261.7
T-1472.2 Required Number of First Stage Examiners vs. Target Pass Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261.8
Mandatory Appendix
Appendix I Glossary of Terms for Examination System Qualification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261.10
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T-110 Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
T-120 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
T-130 Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
T-150 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
T-160 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
T-170 Examinations and Inspections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
T-180 Evaluation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
T-190 Records /Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Mandatory Appendix
Appendix I Glossary of Terms for Nondestructive Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
I-110 Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
I-120 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
I-130 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Nonmandatory Appendix
Appendix A Imperfection vs Type of NDE Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.1
A-110 Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.1
Table
A-110 Imperfection vs Type of NDE Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.2
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GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
valid until recertification. Recertification or new certifi- nation procedures and personnel certification procedures
cation shall be in accordance with the edition of SNT- conforming to the referencing Code requirements.
TC-1A or CP-189 specified in Footnote 3. (c) When required by the referencing Code Section,
(i) Limited certification of nondestructive examina- all nondestructive examinations performed under this
tion personnel who do not perform all of the operations Code Section shall be done to a written procedure.
of a nondestructive method that consists of more than This procedure shall be demonstrated to the satisfaction
one operation, or who perform nondestructive examina- of the Inspector. The procedure or method shall comply
tions of limited scope, may be based on fewer hours with the applicable requirements of this Section for
of training and experience than recommended in SNT- the particular examination method. Where so required,
TC-1A or CP-189. Any limitations or restrictions placed written procedures shall be made available to the Inspec-
upon a persons certification shall be described in the tor on request. At least one copy of each procedure
written practice and on the certification. shall be readily available to the Manufacturers Nonde-
structive Examination Personnel for their reference
and use.
A03 T-130 EQUIPMENT
It is the responsibility of the Code User to ensure
T-160 CALIBRATION A03
that the examination equipment being used conforms
to the requirements of this Code Section. (a) The Manufacturer, fabricator, or installer shall
assure that all equipment calibrations required by Sub-
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the referenced ASTM documents, may actually describe T-180 EVALUATION A03
what the Code calls examination or examiner. This
The acceptance standards for these methods shall be
situation exists because ASTM has no occasion to be
as stated in the referencing document(s).
concerned with the distinctions which the Code makes
between inspection and examination, since ASTM activ-
ities and documents do not involve the Authorized
Inspector described in the Code Sections. However, no
attempt has been made to edit the ASTM documents
to conform with Code usage; this should cause no T-190 RECORDS /DOCUMENTATION A03
difficulty if the users of this Section recognize that the
terms inspection, testing, and examination in the ASTM Records /Documentation shall be in accordance with
documents referenced in Subsection B do not describe the referencing document(s) and the applicable require-
duties of the Authorized Code Inspector but rather ments of Subsection A and /or B of this Code Section.
describe the things to be done by the Manufacturers The Code User shall be responsible for all required
examination personnel. Records /Documentation.
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AE Acoustic Emission
I-130 REQUIREMENTS nondestructive examination (NDE) the develop-
ment and application of technical methods to examine
(a) The following SE-1316 terms are used in conjunc- materials and /or components in ways that do not impair
tion with this Article: defect, discontinuity, evaluation, future usefulness and serviceability in order to detect,
false indication, flaw, flaw characterization, imperfec- locate, measure, interpret, and evaluate flaws
tion, interpretation, nonrelevant indication, relevant in- operation a specific phase of a method or technique
dication. procedure an orderly sequence of actions describ-
(b) The following Code terms are used in conjunction ing how a specific technique shall be applied
with this Article: sensitivity a measure of the level of response
area of interest the specific portion of the object from a discontinuity by a nondestructive examination
that is to be evaluated as defined by the referencing technique a technique is a specific way of utilizing
Code Section a particular nondestructive examination (NDE) method
APPENDIX A IMPERFECTION VS
TYPE OF NDE METHOD
A-110 SCOPE
Table A-110 lists common imperfections and the NDE
methods that are generally capable of detecting them.
Caution Table A-110 should be regarded for
general guidance only and not as a basis for requiring
or prohibiting a particular type of NDE method for a
specific application. For example, material and product
form are factors that could result in differences from
the degree of effectiveness implied in the table. For
service-induced imperfections, accessibility and other
conditions at the examination location are also signifi-
cant factors that must be considered in selecting a
particular NDE method. In addition, Table A-110 must
not be considered to be all inclusive; there are several
NDE methods/techniques and imperfections not listed
in the table. The user must consider all applicable
conditions when selecting NDE methods for a specific
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application.
TABLE A-110
IMPERFECTION VS TYPE OF NDE METHOD
Surface Sub-surf.
[Note (1)] [Note (2)] Volumetric [Note (3)]
Service-Induced Imperfections
Welding Imperfections
Burn Through
Cracks
Excessive/Inadequate Reinforcement
Inclusions (Slag/Tungsten)
Incomplete Fusion
Incomplete Penetration
Misalignment
Overlap
Porosity
Root Concavity
Undercut
Bursts (Forgings)
Cold Shuts (Castings)
Cracks (All Product Forms)
Hot Tear (Castings)
Inclusions (All Product Forms)
Lamination (Plate, Pipe)
Laps (Forgings)
Porosity (Castings)
Seams (Bar, Pipe)