1. What is planning & explain the steps involved in planning?

(25 marks)

Planning is the systematic development of the action programmers aimed at

reaching agreed business objective by the process of analyzing, evaluating &
selecting among the opportunities which are foreseen.

Steps in Planning

a) Establishing objectives-The first step in the planning is to establish or determine

in the definite term the objectives. Objective indicate basically what is to be
accomplished & where the primary emphasis is to be placed & what the police &
procedures should be planning is to be the work out in the details what is to the
accomplished.

b) Communicably objectives-In the designing and the environment for the effective
performance of the work groups it is the imperative that people must know what
they are expected to the describe their personal business goals it is the likely that
they have no objectives at all.

c) Establishing planning premises-The third step in the planner is to determine the

relevant information that will be needed by the planner in the establishing &
estimating the plan. Planning premises provide a background on which all the
attention of the planner continuous to provide the boundary wall with in which the
attention remains diverted

d) Listing Alternation ways of the Reaching Objectives Under this step managers
should list is many available alternation as possible are the reaching the pre-
planned the objectives. In this connective the planner must reduce by the
preliminary examination the number of the alternation to those missing the most
fruitful possibilities or by the mathematically eliminating the least promising ones.

e) Evaluating Alternative Cases-Having sought out alternative courses & examined

their strong & the weak points the fifth step is the evaluate them by the weighting
the various factors in the right of the promises & goals.

f) Establish Policies-Policies might be viewed as a board pathway with in which the

worked moves towards on the objectives when considering alternatives a worker
can the automatically exclude those matters that are outside the area designed as
the acceptable by organization policy

g) Selecting A Courses of the Action-The seventh step-selecting the coursed of the

action is the point at which a plan is the adopted the real point of the decision-
making occasionally an analysis & evolution of the alternation courses against
objectives.
h) Putting plans into the action-Once place have been developed they are ready to
be put into the action. The plans should furnish the organization with the both long
range & short the range direction of the activity.

i) Establishing Budgets-The important step to give the plans a meaning is to the

number them by the converting them to the budgets are the expression of the
expected in the numerical terms. If done well budgets become a means of the
auditing to getter the various plans & also important stand against which planning
progress can be measured.

j) Establishing Time Tables-Completion dates are the most important part of the any
schedule. Millipores are the created for the convenient intervals throughout the life
of the project so that the manager dose not suddenly realize at the manager that he
major objectives are only half realized.

k) Deciding on Standards-As a final step in the planning procures. It is important for

the manager to realize that the plan performance is measured. Consequently plans
should be stated in a measurable manner