OMICRON PTL User manual

OMICRON PTL

User manual
V2.01

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OMICRON PTL User manual

Contents
1 Definition............................................................................................................................................. 3
2 General ................................................................................................................................................ 3
3 Quick Start Information ...................................................................................................................... 3
4 XRIO Converter Structure .................................................................................................................. 3
4.1 General Structure ........................................................................................................................... 3
4.2 Relay Parameter Section................................................................................................................ 3
4.3 Additional Information..................................................................................................................... 4
4.3.1 General .................................................................................................................................... 4
4.3.2 Relay Information ..................................................................................................................... 4
4.3.3 Circuit Breaker.......................................................................................................................... 4
4.3.4 Test Information........................................................................................................................ 4
4.4 RIOplus.......................................................................................................................................... 4
4.5 Template Controller ........................................................................................................................ 4
4.6 RIO ................................................................................................................................................ 5
4.7 Activation of RIO Functions ............................................................................................................ 5
5 Relay Settings Import ......................................................................................................................... 6
6 Template Structure ............................................................................................................................. 6
6.1 Hardware Configuration.................................................................................................................. 6
6.2 Common Testing Procedures ......................................................................................................... 6
6.2.1 Wiring Check ............................................................................................................................ 6
6.2.2 Initial Test ................................................................................................................................. 7
6.2.3 Trip Test with Circuit Breaker .................................................................................................... 7
6.3 Feeder Protection Templates ......................................................................................................... 7
6.3.1 Main and Backup Protection ..................................................................................................... 7
6.3.2 Switch onto Fault Protection ..................................................................................................... 7
6.4 Line Protection Templates .............................................................................................................. 8
6.4.1 Main Protection ........................................................................................................................ 8
6.4.2 Backup Protection .................................................................................................................... 9
6.4.3 Switch onto Fault Protection ....................................................................................................10
6.5 Transformer Protection Templates.................................................................................................10
6.5.1 Internal Fault Protection ...........................................................................................................10
6.5.2 External Fault Protection..........................................................................................................10
6.6 Generator Protection Templates ....................................................................................................11
6.6.1 Generator Differential Protection ..............................................................................................11
6.6.2 Fault on Connected Network....................................................................................................11
6.6.3 Other Generator Protection ......................................................................................................12
6.7 Motor Protection Templates...........................................................................................................12
6.7.1 Overload Protection .................................................................................................................12
6.7.2 Short Circuit Protection ............................................................................................................13
6.7.3 Network Fault Protection..........................................................................................................14
6.8 Radial Feeder Recloser Test Templates ........................................................................................14
6.8.1 Metering Test ..........................................................................................................................14
6.8.2 Minimum Trip Current Tests.....................................................................................................14
6.8.3 High Current Trip Tests............................................................................................................14
6.8.4 Overcurrent Characteristic Tests ..............................................................................................15
6.8.5 Cold Load Pickup or Delay Curve Characteristic Tests .............................................................15
6.8.6 Successful Reclose Sequence Tests .......................................................................................15
6.8.7 Reclose Sequence to Lockout Tests ........................................................................................15
6.8.8 Reset Timer Tests ...................................................................................................................15
6.8.9 High Current Lockout Tests .....................................................................................................16
6.8.10 Sequence Coordination Tests ................................................................................................16
6.8.11 Sensitive Earth Fault Min Trip ................................................................................................16
6.8.12 Sensitive Earth Fault Trip Time ..............................................................................................16
6.8.13 Sensitive Earth Fault Sequence .............................................................................................16
6.8.14 Underfrequency Pickup..........................................................................................................16
6.8.15 Underfrequency Trip Times....................................................................................................16

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1 Definition
Protection Test Template (PTT): A PTT is one part of a Protection Testing Library item. It consists
of an *.occ file which includes a XRIO Converter.

2 General
The OMICRON PTL User Manual describes the common aspects of all Protection Test Templates and
their included XRIO Converters. The specific aspects are covered in a PTT specific manual, which is
automatically installed with every PTT.
Each PTT is user adaptable and can be extended by inserting additional tests or shortened by deleting
tests to fit the requirements of each user.

The Protection Test Templates are intended to support the advanced Test Universe user. Advanced
knowledge of the Test Universe software, the XRIO standard and the LinkToXRIO concept are a
precondition to benefit from the Protection Testing Templates.

See www.omicron.at for more information on the Protection Testing Library.

3 Quick Start Information

Follow these steps before testing:

Read the PTT specific manual first.

Open the Protection Test Template.
Enter the relay settings into the Relay Parameter Section of the XRIO Converter or import them
using one of the available import filters.
Check and adapt the Additional Information parameters in the XRIO Converter.
Check the Hardware Configuration and adapt it if necessary.
See the connection diagram and establish all connections between the test set and the relay.
Check the test points in each test module and adapt them if necessary.
Follow the specific instructions contained in the Pause modules.

4 XRIO Converter Structure

4.1 General Structure

The XRIO Converter is already included in the Protection Test Template. It can be accessed by opening
the Test Object. Relay settings can be entered into the XRIO Converter either manually or automatically,
using one of the available import filters.

The XRIO Converters are divided into two root blocks, the CUSTOM block and the RIO block. The RIO
block contains the standard RIO test module interface. The CUSTOM block is normally re-named to
match the protection relay type modeled in the XRIO Converter. It normally has four sub-blocks:

Relay Parameter Section

Additional Information
RIOplus
Template Controller

4.2 Relay Parameter Section

The Relay Parameter Section is a collection of setting parameters of the modeled relay. Each
XRIO Converter has its own individual Relay Parameter Section to match the parameter structure of the
corresponding relay setting software as close as possible. The Foreign ID in the XRIO Converter can be

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used to identify the relay parameters. This helps to find the correct parameters when the settings are
entered into the Relay Parameter Section manually.
In some XRIO Converters, the Relay Parameter Section has been renamed to better match the relay
setting software.

4.3 Additional Information

The Additional Information block stores parameters and information, which are required for testing and
are not a part of the relay settings. It contains at least the following sub-blocks:

General
Relay Information
Circuit Breaker
Test Information

4.3.1 General
The General block contains detailed information for the test report, like manufacturer, device type,
substation name etc. These parameters are linked to the NamePlate block in RIOplus and from there to
the Device sub block of the RIO block. The parameters of this block have to be set by the user.

4.3.2 Relay Information

The block Relay Information contains relay specific parameters such as tolerances or angles of
directional elements, which should not be set by the user because they are constant values. The values
set in this block can be found in the relay documentation. Typically, this block does not have to be
changed.

4.3.3 Circuit Breaker

The Circuit Breaker block includes information which is required for the CB test. This section includes
parameters which have to be defined by the user.

4.3.4 Test Information

The Test Information block is used to store calculations required for the configuration of test modules.
Calculated test points may be stored in this block.

4.4 RIOplus
The RIOplus section is divided into different sub-blocks, which include either relay information or
modeling of a certain protection function. The sub-blocks of these protection functions include all the data
required for testing the respective function.

The RIOplus block is not visible in the Standard view of the Test Object.

The RIOplus block can be extended, but existing parameters must not be deleted or changed. This will
disable formulas.

4.5 Template Controller

The Template Controller block contains special test data, which cannot be mapped into the standardized
RIOplus section, like the flags for the automated activation of test modules. This block can be extended
by the user with new customized blocks and parameters.

The Template Controller block is not visible in the Standard view of the Test Object. It can be
extended, but existing parameters must not be deleted.

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4.6 RIO
The RIO section of the XRIO Converter contains all functions required to use the specialized test
modules (like Advanced Distance or Overcurrent) provided by the OMICRON Test Universe software.

4.7 Activation of RIO Functions

If multiple RIO-Functions of one type exist in a converter, the desired one has to be selected for each test
module. Open therefore the local Test Object of the module and activate the RIO function you intend to
use as shown below.

Test modules in standard OMICRON PTTs are configured with the corresponding RIO block as default
and thus they normally don't have to be changed.

Figure 1: Activating a RIO function

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5 Relay Settings Import

Some relay manufacturers offer an export of the relay settings. Multiple relay settings import filters are
available to import these settings into the XRIO Converter of the corresponding
Protection Test Template. The following import filters are currently available:

Filter for AREVA S&R 103 .txt Settings

Filter for GE Enervista .csv Settings
Filter for IntelliRupter Snapshots
Filter for SEL 5030 .txt Settings: A filter for SEL AcSELerator Quickset setting export files.
Filter for Siemens Digsi V3 .asc Settings
Filter for Toshiba RSM100 .csv Settings
Standard Filter for XML Files
Standard Filter for XRIO Files: A filter for relay settings in XRIO format.
Currently Siemens Digsi V4.81 and higher (Digsi V4 relays) and ABB PCM600 2.2 settings can
be exported in the XRIO format.

The handling of the import filters listed above is similar. Click the File menu in the menu bar of the
Test Object and click Import relay settings....

Select the matching import filter in the Import Relay Settings dialog box.

After the relay settings have been imported successfully, a message box shows the number of imported
parameters.

Additionally, the imported parameters are shown as Information in the Error View of the Test Object.
When the import of a parameter fails, it gets shown as an Error or Warning.

Figure 2: Error View with information about imported parameters

6 Template Structure

6.1 Hardware Configuration

Each Protection Test Template contains an individual Hardware Configuration, which is specially
adapted to the specific relay and tests.
All binary inputs are preset to Potential Free and can be set as potential sensing inputs if necessary.

6.2 Common Testing Procedures

Some tests are standard tests and appear in all Protection Test Templates.

Wiring check
Initial test
Trip test with circuit breaker

6.2.1 Wiring Check

The wiring test is used to check the Analog Output connections between the CMC test set and the relay.
The QuickCMC test module is used to inject asymmetrical voltage and current values. For transformer

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protection or some feeder protection PTTs, only asymmetrical currents are injected. If the injected values
match the values measured by the relay, the test can be manually assessed as Passed.

6.2.2 Initial Test

The Initial test is used to check whether the relay reacts correctly in case of a fault on the protected
object. Additionally, the wiring of the trip signal between the test set and the relay is checked.
The Initial test simulates a fault event that is clearly different from normal load conditions. Usually, a high
fault current is injected into all three phases with the State Sequencer test module. The relay should trip
on this event, regardless of the active protection functions. The trip command and the reset of the trip
command are measured and assessed during the Initial test.

6.2.3 Trip Test with Circuit Breaker

For testing the opening time of the circuit breaker, the State Sequencer test module is used. This test is
divided into three states: pre-fault, fault and post-fault. Usually a three-phase short circuit is simulated in
the fault stage. The time between the trip command and the opening of the circuit breaker main- and
auxiliary contacts is measured and assessed.

6.3 Feeder Protection Templates

Feeder protection templates mostly cover directional or non-directional overcurrent protection functions. If
a distance protection function is covered by a feeder protection test template, see section 6.4 for details
on distance protection specific tests.

6.3.1 Main and Backup Protection

Pickup Test
The overcurrent pickup is tested using the Pick-up/Drop-off Test of the Overcurrent test module. The
smallest pickup of all active phase, residual and negative sequence overcurrent elements is tested. The
pickup and drop off values are assessed. See the online help of the Test Universe for further information
on the Pickup/Drop-off Test tab of the Overcurrent test module.

Directional Test
The overcurrent directional characteristic is tested with the Overcurrent test module. Two
Characteristic Tests are placed inside the directional (forward or reverse) sector. Two more
Characteristic Tests are placed just outside the directional sector. It is sufficient to attest the difference
between the forward and non-directional, alternatively between the reverse and non-directional or the
forward and reverse characteristics.

Trip Time Test

The trip times are tested with Characteristic Tests of the Overcurrent test module. To minimize influences
from overcurrent stages covering different fault types (e.g. phase overcurrent in phase to ground tests) the
following three fault types are tested:
A-B-C for testing the phase overcurrent elements
3I0 for testing ground or residual overcurrent elements
I2 for testing negative sequence overcurrent elements

The trip times of directional overcurrent protection are tested with a preset angle in the corresponding
direction. There is no specific angle preset for non-directional protection.

6.3.2 Switch onto Fault Protection

There are several different versions of switch onto fault tests, due to the different algorithms used by the
relays. These tests are individually designed for each PTT. See the specific PTT manual for a detailed
description of the switch onto fault tests.

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6.4 Line Protection Templates

6.4.1 Main Protection

Directional Test
If a directional overcurrent function is covered by the line protection PTT, the directional test is similar to
the feeder protection directional test. Most line protection PTTs cover distance protection functions, where
the Advanced Distance test module is used for testing the directional characteristic. It is sufficient to attest
the difference between the forward and non-directional, alternatively between the reverse and non-
directional characteristics.

Set the test points for the directional test similar to the test points shown in Figure 3.

The distance direction is tested separately for fault loop A-N and fault loop A-B-C. The directional test is
not necessary for mho distance characteristics.

Figure 3: Directional test point placement for quadrilateral (left) and circle zone characteristic (right)

Trip Characteristic Test

If a directional overcurrent function is covered by the line protection template, the trip characteristic test is
similar to the feeder protection trip characteristic test. For distance protection relays, the trip characteristic
test is divided into two parts, a trip time test and a distance reach test.

Trip Time Test

The zone trip time is tested by a test shot placed at 90% of each active zone and 110% of the largest
zone. These shots are set on the line angle.

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Figure 4: Distance protection trip times

Possibly there are more test shots than necessary in the trip time test modules, because the preset test
points are set relative to all possibly active distance zones in forward and reverse direction. If a distance
zone is exclusively not active or directional, the test points set relative to this distance zone collapse into
the origin of the R-X test plane. In this case, delete all unnecessary test points. The unnecessary test
points can be identified by a very small impedance value (e.g. 0.0000 or 0.000) or by their zone
reference, which is set to Line length (see red markings in Figure 4).

The test shots marked with an exclamation mark, respectively colored in pink as shown in Figure 4 are out
of range. In this case, remove the link of the test current in the settings tab and set the test current
manually. Keep in mind that the test current has to be higher than the distance protection release current.

Reach Test
The distance reaches are tested by Check Tests with check lines at 0, 90, 180 and 270. Each check
line is set relative to a length of 120% of all active distance zones. In some Protection Test Templates,
the check lines might be placed at the line angle instead of 90 and 270. The check lines at 0 and 180
are not necessary for mho distance characteristics.

6.4.2 Backup Protection

The backup protection in line protection templates is usually a non-directional overcurrent protection. The
pickup and trip time are tested similar to the feeder protection templates. The backup protection is
activated by a loss of potential, which means that zero voltage and a small load current are injected into
the relay. A preset time duration for this loss of potential state is defined. If this time is too short to block
the main protection function, increase the time manually.

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Pickup Test
The smallest pickup of all active phase, residual and negative sequence overcurrent elements is tested.
The pickup and drop off values are assessed. See the online help of the Test Universe for further
information on the Pickup/Drop-off Test tab of the Overcurrent test module.

Trip Time Test

The trip times are tested with single phase and multiphase faults. The trip times are tested with
Characteristic Tests of the Overcurrent test module.

6.4.3 Switch onto Fault Protection

There are several different versions of switch onto fault tests, due to the different algorithms used by the
relays. These tests are individually designed for each PTT. See the specific PTT manual for a detailed
description of the switch onto fault tests.

6.5 Transformer Protection Templates

6.5.1 Internal Fault Protection

Internal faults are detected by the differential protection. The tripping and the non-operating
characteristics of the differential protection are tested.

The external fault protection may trip during this test, especially if higher fault currents are injected into the
relay.

Trip Characteristic Test

The trip characteristic test is intended to check the differential protection trip in case of an internal fault.
Internal single phase and multiphase faults are tested with the Diff Operating Characteristic test module. A
search test is performed to verify the trip characteristic. Change the predefined test lines to fit the
characteristic set in the protection relay.

Trip Time Test

The differential trip time test is intended to check the trip of the differential protection function. The
Diff Trip Time Characteristic test module is used. A three phase fault is preset in this test, but any required
test point can be added.

Non-Operating Characteristic Test

The non-operating characteristic tests are intended to check the relay behavior in case of load current or
an external fault condition: the differential protection function must not operate whereas the external fault
protection trips.
Multiphase and single phase currents through the transformer are tested with the Diff Configuration test
module. The single phase test additionally checks the correct zero sequence current elimination. The test
has to be assessed by clicking the Passed or Failed button after a sufficient time.

6.5.2 External Fault Protection

The external fault protection is usually a combination of timed and instantaneous overcurrent protection
functions, which can be set individually for each transformer winding. Tests are prepared for the external
fault protection of each transformer winding.

Pickup Test
The pickup of the smallest active overcurrent stage is tested with a Pick-up / Drop-off Test in the
Overcurrent test module. The fault current (single phase and multiphase faults) is ramped until the relay
picks up.

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Trip Time Test

The overcurrent trip times are tested for multiphase and single phase faults. The Characteristic Test of the
Overcurrent test module is used for this test.

6.6 Generator Protection Templates

The generator protection templates contain tests for the protection of low or high voltage generators.
Since the characteristic of the different protection functions may overlap, it may be necessary to block
some functions during a test. Therefore, follow the test instructions given in the template Pause modules.
PTTs for low voltage generators do not contain all of the Tests listed below. Some might also work
different.

6.6.1 Generator Differential Protection

Stability Test
The blocking test is intended to check the differential protection stability in case of an external fault that
occurs on the connected power system.

Three phase and single phase external faults are tested with the Diff Configuration test module. The
single phase test additionally checks the correct zero sequence current elimination in case a step up
transformer is also inside the protected zone. The test has to be assessed by clicking the Passed or
Failed button after a sufficient time.

Characteristic Test
The characteristic test is intended to check the differential protection trip in case of an internal fault. Single
phase and multiphase faults are tested with the Diff Operating Characteristic test module. A search test is
performed to verify the trip characteristic. Change the predefined test lines to fit the characteristic set in
the protection relay.

Other protection functions used to protect the generator may trip during this test, especially if higher fault
currents are injected into the relay.

Trip Time
The differential trip time test is intended to check the differential protection trip time. The
Diff Trip Time Characteristic test module is used. Single phase and multiphase faults are tested. One test
point is preset for each fault type, but any required test point can be added.

6.6.2 Fault on Connected Network

The generator protection template also covers tests for protection functions that usually protect the
generator from faults on the connected power system or on the connected transformer/bus. These
protection functions may also be used as a backup protection for generator faults.

Under Impedance Protection

The under impedance protection test is divided into two parts, a trip time test and a reach test. The
Advanced Distance test module is used. Test shots are placed usually at 0 and/or 90 of each active
zone. The test points can be adapted if necessary.

Voltage-Dependent Overcurrent Protection

The pickup value and the trip time are tested. The Ramping test module is used for the pickup test. If
applicable, the VI Starting test module may be used to check the voltage-dependent pickup characteristic.
In this case, the overcurrent pickup value is checked for different voltage levels.

The Overcurrent test module is used for the trip time test. A voltage value is preset in the test module to
be provided during the test, but can be changed if necessary.

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Overload Protection
The trip time is tested by simulating a three-phase overload condition. The Overcurrent test module is
used. A test shot is preset, but can be changed if necessary.

6.6.3 Other Generator Protection

The following protection functions are also covered in the generator protection templates:
Power (reverse and forward)
Unbalanced load (negative sequence overcurrent)
Overexcitation (V/Hz)
Frequency (over/under)
Phase and residual Voltage (over/under)
Overcurrent (phase and residual)
Accidential Energization Protection

Besides the Accidential Energization Protection, the pickup values and the trip times are tested. These
Tests are built-on very similar, thus they are described together.

Pickup Test
The pickup is tested with the Ramping test module. It is tested with a first ramp, increasing (decreasing)
the related quantity (frequency, voltage, current or power) until the pickup value is reached. If applicable,
a second ramp decreases (increases) the quantity until the pickup signal is reset. The pickup and drop off
values are measured and assessed.

The overcurrent pickup is tested using the Pick-up/Drop-off Test of the Overcurrent test module. The
smallest pickup of all active phase, residual and negative sequence overcurrent elements is tested. The
pickup and drop off values are assessed.

Trip Time Test

The trip time is tested by simulating a suitable fault and checking the relay response. Different test
modules are used depending on the tested protection function.

The State Sequencer test module is used for the frequency, voltage, overexcitation and power trip time
tests. This test is divided into three states: pre-fault, fault and post-fault.

The Overcurrent test module is used for the unbalanced load and overcurrent trip time tests. Test points
are preset in this test, but they can be adjusted if necessary.

Accidental Energization Protection

The accidental (inadvertent) energization test is intended to check the behavior of the generator protection
relay when a not-synchronized or offline generator is accidentally connected to the network. This function
is usually predefined in relays as a combination of timed undervoltage and instantaneous overcurrent
elements. The pickup values (voltage and current), the trip times and the blocking logic of this function are
tested. The accidental energizing tripping conditions are simulated using the State Sequencer test
module. See the template specific documentation for a detailed description of this test.

6.7 Motor Protection Templates

Motor protection templates contain tests of protection functions supervising the magnitude of current or
voltage to protect the motor.

6.7.1 Overload Protection

The overload protection comprises tests for multiple current (or voltage and current) magnitude dependent
elements, protecting the motor from overload caused by problems in the powered process.
These functions are often depending on a thermal image with additional restart inhabitation. Therefore it
may be necessary to reset the thermal image after each test shot for a correct display of the tripping
characteristic. The thermal reset unlatches the trip command and enables the next test sequences. In

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some configurations the trip command will not unlatch without an additional confirmation to the relay. In
this case it is necessary to assure the unlatching manually after every test shot.

Motor Starting Protection (Acceleration Time) Trip Time Test

The Characteristic Test of the Overcurrent test module is used for trip time tests of startup supervision
functions. The pre-fault time is set to 0 s to assure activation of this function. If an additional logic is
configured for this function, corresponding conditions need to be set manually to arm the function. One
test shot relative to the minimum trip value of this function is preset in this test, but it can be adjusted if
necessary.

Thermal Overload Trip Time Test

The Overcurrent test module is used for trip time tests of the Thermal Overload function. One test relative
to the minimum trip value of this function is preset in this test, but it can be adjusted if necessary.

Stall after Startup (Mechanical Jam) Trip Time Test

The Overcurrent test module is used for trip time tests of the mechanical jam function. A pre-fault time is
set to a time longer than the minimum running time duration of the motor. One test shot relative to the
minimum trip value of the function is preset, but it can be adjusted if necessary.

6.7.2 Short Circuit Protection

Current Differential Protection

Stability Test
The stability test is intended to check the stability of the differential protection function in case of an
external fault that occurs on the connected power system (the protected motor supplies the fault) and
under a normal load condition (three phase, symmetrical conditions). Both cases are simulated using the
Diff Configuration test module. The test has to be assessed by clicking the Passed or Failed button after
a sufficient time.
Characteristic Test
The characteristic test is intended to check the differential protection trip in case of an internal fault. Single
phase and multiphase faults are tested with the Diff Operating Characteristic test module. A search test is
performed to verify the trip characteristic. Change the predefined test lines to fit the characteristic set in
the protection relay.

Other protection functions used to protect the motor may trip during this test, especially if higher fault
currents are injected into the relay.
Trip Time Test
The differential trip time test is intended to check the differential protection trip time. The
Diff Trip Time Characteristic test module is used for this test. Single phase and multiphase faults are
tested. One test point is preset for each fault type, but any required test point can be added.

Overcurrent Protection
Pickup Test
The overcurrent pickup is tested using the Overcurrent test module. The smallest pickup of all active
phase, residual, negative sequence and zero sequence overcurrent elements is tested. The pickup
current is assessed.
Trip Time Test
The trip times are tested with the Overcurrent test module.

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6.7.3 Network Fault Protection

Current Amplitude Unbalance Protection

Pickup Test
The current unbalance protection pickup is tested using the Overcurrent test module. This test is similar to
the test described in the Overcurrent Protection Pickup Test chapter. Depending on the type of the
unbalance element used in the relay the value of the positive sequence current is at motor nominal level
(elements comparing ratio of negative and positive sequence currents magnitude) or at zero (elements
supervising only negative sequence current magnitude).
Trip Time Test
The trip times of the current unbalance protection are tested with the Overcurrent test module. This test is
similar to test described in Overcurrent Protection Trip Time Test chapter. Additionally the load current is
at motor nominal level (elements comparing ratio of negative and positive sequence currents magnitude)
or at zero (elements supervising only negative sequence current magnitude).

Overvoltage / Undervoltage Protection

Pickup Test
The pickup is tested with the Ramping test module. It is tested with a first ramp, increasing (decreasing)
the related quantity (phase voltage magnitude or negative sequence voltage magnitude,) until the pickup
value is reached. If applicable, a second ramp decreases (increases) the quantity until the pickup signal is
reset. The pickup and drop-off values are measured and assessed.

Trip Time Test

The trip time of the function is tested by simulating a suitable fault and checking the relay response.
The State Sequencer test module is used. This test is divided into three states: pre-fault, fault and post-
fault.

6.8 Radial Feeder Recloser Test Templates

6.8.1 Metering Test

The purpose of the Metering Test is to check the correct analog input configuration of the recloser
controller under test. The Quick CMC test module is used to inject slightly asymmetrical voltages and
currents, which can be compared with the currents and voltages measured by the recloser controller.
If the injected values match the measured values, the test can be assessed manually as Passed.

6.8.2 Minimum Trip Current Tests

The Minimum Trip Current of phase and neutral/ground overcurrent elements is tested using the Ramping
test module. The Minimum Trip Current setting of all active phase, neutral and residual ground
overcurrent elements is tested. The test current is ramped until it exceeds the set Min. Trip Current. The
dt setting of the ramp, which specifies the time between two ramp steps, is not linked and preset to
sufficient time to test the Min. Trip Current of inverse overcurrent characteristics. This setting can be
adapted manually if longer or shorter time intervals are needed.

The Ground Minimum Trip Current Test might interfere with the Sensitive Earth Fault function, when SEF
is set with a low minimum trip current and a long trip time. To avoid this interference, the Ground Minimum
Trip Current Test uses the Pulse Ramping test module when a SEF function is activated in the recloser
controller. The test current is pulsed with the current amplitude being raised in each new current pulse.
The time of each of the current pulses is short enough to force the ground overcurrent element to trip
without tripping the SEF element.

6.8.3 High Current Trip Tests

The High Current Trip of phase and neutral/residual ground overcurrent elements is tested using the
Pulse Ramping test module. The test current is pulsed with the current amplitude being raised in each

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new current pulse. The time of each of the current pulses is short enough to force the High Current Trip
overcurrent element to trip without tripping the inverse overcurrent element.

6.8.4 Overcurrent Characteristic Tests

The overcurrent characteristic of the phase and neutral/residual ground overcurrent elements is tested
with the Overcurrent test module. Test points are preset but can be adapted to fit all needs. Basically, the
test of the overcurrent characteristic is similar to the overcurrent characteristic tests in feeder applications
described in the Feeder Protection Templates chapter of this manual.

6.8.5 Cold Load Pickup or Delay Curve Characteristic Tests

The delay curve of recloser controllers is tested in combination with the Cold Load Pickup function. When
a Close command is sent by pressing the Close button on the recloser controller, the Cold Load Pickup
function is activated and disables fast curve tripping for a set time. The Overcurrent test module is used
for the Delay Curve Characteristic Test. To test the delayed overcurrent curve, three test points are
defined on this curve and one test point is defined to verify the modified Minimum Trip Current setting.
The Close button on the recloser controller has to be pressed before a test point is executed. A message
box instructs the user to press the close button.
Both phase and ground delay curves and Cold Load Pickup Minimum Trip Current settings are tested.

6.8.6 Successful Reclose Sequence Tests

Successful reclosing sequences are tested using the State Sequencer test module. A successful reclosing
sequence is tested for all possible combinations of shots. If four shots to lockout are set, successful
reclosing sequences are tested with one shot, two shots and three shots.
The Successful Reclose Sequence tests start with either a Defeat CLPU / Reset Recloser state, when the
recloser locked out at the end of the preceding test, or a pre fault state, when the preceding test finished
with a closed recloser. Each shot is tested with a fault state, forcing the recloser to trip, and an Interval
state, awaiting the close command. If necessary, Transition States between Fault and Interval states are
added to allow the CB simulation to react before switching to the next state if the recloser controller
evaluates trip and close operations very strictly (Cooper F6 or F5). The Successful Reclose Sequence
Tests end with a Fault Cleared state, simulating normal load conditions after the fault has been cleared.
The time settings for all fault states are not linked. They may have to be adapted if the preset time is not
sufficient for the active settings.
All trip times are measured; all Interval times are measured and assessed. Additionally, a Level
Assessment of the Fault Cleared state is implemented, which assesses that no trip command must be
sent during the Fault Cleared state.
Successful reclosing sequences are tested for phase and ground faults.

6.8.7 Reclose Sequence to Lockout Tests

Reclosing Sequences to Lockout are tested using the State Sequencer test module. The reclosing
sequence to lockout test is similar to the Successful Reclose Sequence Tests.
The test starts with a pre fault state simulating normal load conditions, followed by a sequence of Fault
and Interval states. The number of Fault and Interval states depends on the number of shots to lockout
set in the recloser controller. Four shots to lockout means there are three Fault states followed by an
Interval state and one last Fault State driving the recloser controller to lockout.
The Lockout State will time out after 2 times the longest set interval time. This ensures that no Close
command is sent after the last fault in the sequence. To assess that there is no follow up close after the
last fault, an End of Test state is added, which serves as a stop condition for a time measurement of the
Lockout state.
All trip times are measured; all Interval times and the time out of the Lockout state are measured and
assessed. Sequence-to-Lockout tests are performed for phase and ground faults.

6.8.8 Reset Timer Tests

The reset timer is tested with the State Sequencer test module. The test is divided into two parts: The first
part interrupts a reclosing sequence (shot counter > 1) and waits until just before the reset timer times out.
The second test interrupts a reclosing sequence and waits until the reset times out. A new reclosing
sequence is then started and continues until the recloser controller locks out.

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Only the Interval times are measured and assessed in the Reset Timer tests. Additionally, Level
Assessments are active to ensure that no Trip command is sent during the Reset Time state and that no
Close command is sent during the Lockout state.

6.8.9 High Current Lockout Tests

High Current Lockout is tested with the State Sequencer test module. The tests are intended to check the
correct interruption of a reclosing sequence when the set High Current Lockout current is exceeded.
A high current fault is simulated, which drives the recloser controller into lockout immediately.
The time out of the Lockout state is measured and assessed. Additionally, a Level Assessment is active to
check that no Close command is sent during the Lockout state.
High Current Lockout is tested for phase and ground faults.

6.8.10 Sequence Coordination Tests

Sequence Coordination is tested with the State Sequencer test module. The Sequence Coordination tests
are intended to check if the recloser controller is "in step" with an assumed downstream recloser, when
the downstream device clears a fault without reaction of the local recloser controller.
The reclose sequence in this test is similar to the Reclose Sequence to Lockout test. The main difference
is that one or more Fault states of the original sequence are replaced with a Sequence Coordination state.
The Sequence Coordination State simulates the same fault conditions as a Fault state from the original
sequence, but it times out before the recloser controller is able to send a trip command. The shot counter
will increment as the Sequence Coordination state is recognized as a fault.
All possible combinations of Sequence Coordination and Fault operations are tested. The trip times in all
Fault states are measured; all Interval times are measured and assessed.
Sequence Coordination is tested for phase and ground faults.

6.8.11 Sensitive Earth Fault Min Trip

Sensitive Earth Fault Min Trip is tested with the Ramping test module. The current in one phase is ramped
until the SEF Min Trip setting is exceeded. The time between two ramp steps is greater than the SEF trip
time setting. The Min Trip Current is measured and assessed.

6.8.12 Sensitive Earth Fault Trip Time

Sensitive Earth Fault Trip Times are tested with the State Sequencer test module. The test contains three
states: Defeat CLPU / Reset Recloser, Fault and End of Test. In the Fault state, a current exceeding the
SEF Min Trip setting is injected in one phase. The trip time is measured and assessed.

6.8.13 Sensitive Earth Fault Sequence

The Sensitive Earth Fault Sequence Tests are similar to the ground reclosing sequence tests. See the
Successful Reclose Sequence Tests and Reclose Sequence to Lockout Tests chapters for details.

6.8.14 Underfrequency Pickup

The Underfrequency Pickup is tested with the Ramping test module. The voltage frequency in all three
phases is decreased until the frequency protection trips. The time between two ramp steps is greater than
the underfrequency trip time. The frequency pickup is measured and assessed.

6.8.15 Underfrequency Trip Times

Underfrequency Trip Times are tested with the State Sequencer test module. The test contains three
states: Pre fault, Fault and Post Fault. In the Fault state, a voltage frequency below the Underfrequency
Min. Trip setting is injected in all three phases. The trip time is measured and assessed.

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