Theme: Understanding Governance

Ch 2: Governance in SingaPore

2 Governance iI SingaPore.

' )
(a Do you agree that anticipating change and stay relevant is the
most important guiding principle of governance for Singapore?
Explain your answer. [ 12 marks ] l

L1: Describes the general topic without focus being put on the issue in the
question. [1-2m]
of 2 mks']
[ '1m for 1 de.tail and a second mark for further details up to a maximum
L.g. Governince refers to the way a government manages the resources of the
country so as to carry out its functions.

L2: Describes given OR / AND ldentifies / Describes Other Factor(s)' [3-4m]

other factors up
[ 3m for identifyhg one factor, and an additional mark for identifying
to a maximum of 4mks l
e.g. No, anticipating change and staying relevant is not the most important guiding
principle of governance for Singapore. lnstead, it is '. I could choose from :
;Leadership is Xey', 'Reward for Work and Work for Reward' or 'A Stake for
Everyone, OpportunitY for All' l

L3: Explains the given factor [5'6m]

[ 5m for an explanation of the given factor, and an additional mark for each
supporting detail up to a maximum of 6mks.

e.g. Anticipating change and Staying Relevant is an important guiding principle

foi Singapore. The government needs to take risks and make decisions that are
forward--looking in anticipation of future challenges. For example, in preparing.for
Singapore's friture water needs, the government has taken steps to ensure that
Sinlapore is self-sufficient in water supply. This has been done through producing
'NEfoatei and desalinated water. Another example would be how, through the
decision to build tvvo lntegrated Resorts, the government has taken bold steps to help
Singapore capture the growing tourist market in the face of rising competition- At the
inOividual level, studenis can ltretch their potential by coming up with creative and
innovative ideas. workers too could play their part by upgrading their knowledge and
skills to stay employable and contribute to the nation. Thus by anticipating change
and staying relevani, Singapore can look forward to the challenges of the future with
confidence.

OR
Disagrees and explains other factor(s).
[5m fir an explanation of one other factor, and an additional mark for
supporting
detail up to a maximum of 6mks.l
e.g. Leadership is Key is a very important guiding principle of governance that
Singapore praciices. Singapore takes care to Select leaders that have outstanding
per;onal qualities such as honesty, moral courage and integrity, in addition to having
talent. Potential leaders are specially selected and groomed.
Singapore needs good leadership not only in government but also in every segment
of t[e society. For example, the arts scene in Singapore made progress more vibrant
arts scene. Thus, leadership is all important if singapore is to continue to prosper
and face up to the challenges that misht come its *"u nYl::*::,:ll":::::l::
 people and thus be able to carry the people with them when decisions (even tough
and less popular ones) are made for the good of the country.
I candidate couid offer an explanation of either of the other two guiding principles
instead l

e.g. 'Reward for Work and Work for Reward, is an important guiding principle of
government. Underlying this principle is the belief in meritocracy. Meritocracy means
a system that rewards hard work and talent. Meritocracy helps to give everybody in
society an equal opportunity to achieve their best and be rewarded ior their
performance, regardless of race, religion and socio-economic background. Thus, for
example, hardworking students who excel in their studies and co-curricular activities
receive rewards in the form of Edusave Scholarship and Merit Bursaries. All
Singaporeans also received a share of the surplus from Singapore,s growth through
the Progress Packager Thus, this principle encourages people to continue to wo-rk
hard to help Singapore develop and stay ahead of the competition_

e.g. 'A Stake for Everyone, Opportunities for All' is another important guiding
principle of governance. This means allowing people more opportunities 1o ge't
involved in the decision-making process. such participation wouid lead to peof,le
feeling a deeper sense of belonging to the country. For example, the goveinment
consulted the public on the issue of having casinos as part of the lR;. Thus, by
allowing the people more opportunities to participate in important decision-making, i
stronger bond is built between the people and the country. This will help to keepihe
people actively involved with the government and supportive of the decisions made
by the government.

L4: Both elements of L3. [7-10m]

[ 7m for an explanation of the given factor AND description of other factors.
8m for an explanation of the given factor AND an explanation of other factors up to
a maximum of 10 mks.l
L5: Weighs the relative importance of different factors covered in L4. This
should be done using some clearly stated criteria e.g impact. [11-12m]

(b ) "The Graduate Mothers Scheme was the most successful measure

taken by the Singapore government to encourage population
growth." Do you agree? Explain your answer. I i3 marks ]

L1: Describes the general topic without focus being put on the issue in the
question. [1-2m]
e.g. The population of Singapore grew rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s and this posed
problems for the country.

L2:_ Either Agrees OR Disagrees and ldentifies other measure(s). [3-4m]

[ 3m - 1 factor; 3mks - 2 factors ]
e.g. Yes, it was the most successful but, at the same time, there were also other
important measures taken such as the 'Three or More lf you Can Afford lt, policy /
various pro-family measures / the policy of attracting foreign talent.

L3: Agrees OR Disagrees and describes given / other measure(s). [4-5m]

L4: Explains factor used for agreeing. [6-8m]

[ 6m - Explains given factor or other factors for agreeing or disagreeing;
 1 additional mark for each detail up to a maximum
of 8 mks l
most successful measure Based
e.o. Yes, the Graduate Mothers Scheme was the a direct impact of
;f r";;: tnut ii'" uo*ution level of the parents had
'i;;;li that parents who were university
their children in schools rne reslaicn showed performed better in schools As a
oraduates were more lif,"fy to nuu" "nildren who to have
i;:;ii:ffi ;;;"'Mi;Ji;; i"rt tn"t i"'ur" sraduates should be encourased
-woutd generation
more children so that tnere ne nign"t chance of the new
;;ilf";;;;;s ,nor"
''
in 1s84 the Graduate Mothers scheme was
"ou"ui"J.-inus, graduates and to encourage them to have
started to encourage tur,'uglt among
more children. ...
not agree with this being the most
I Note: lt isanticipated that most candidates would people
!r#*,[ ru;il in" met witn much unhappiness amons manv
""
and it failed to get the
""nlteof the people After just.one year' the scheme
was
",ppo't will be.able to explain how this was
withdrawn. Thus, it is unrirerv iirai t'nu ianciioute given measure should not
a successful measure. tnu"i ir"i ngr"" u"o Explain
the
be awarded more than 6mks l

OR

Disagrees and explains other factor(s)'

You,Can Afford lt' policy'
e.g.Disagrees: Explains the 'Three or More lf
or More lf You Can Afford lt' policy
No, the most successful t"Jt"" *ut in";tht""
the replacement level of 2 1 children
To bring Singapore's pop'ruiLn git*tn nact to
Der woman, instead of ois"ouiaging
iarg" iutitl"t'. parents were encouraged to have
ih*;;;;;;;;hildren if t'n"v".o"uro iffora it Tltis was a cautious policv due to
financial burden of having children' the
economic considerations. T;;"F ;li";;ihe
the use of Medisave to pay for
oovernment introduced,;;;;"';;;;r "rio*ing an increase in
il%iiJ;il;ffi;; in"liot il't'"" children As a res-ult there was
+A in 1986 to 1'96 in 1988 Thus this
the number of children n"t"'p"i *"t*t iiot f
was a very successful measure
measures that were taken'
e.g. Disagrees: Explains the other pro'family
N; ih;;;;i successful ;;;Jt; was the Minister slew of proJamilv measures thlt'*-"^l:
a package ol new
taken from 2004. ln tn"t ylui tn" Prime .introduced population figures'
marriage and parenthood ;;;;';"; inut *"tu aimed -at
boosting
result of public feedback The new measures
iil;;";;;J"s came about as a for both p'arents which meant that mothers too
included equalized meoical"iunJts fathers ). Another
( and no1 iust
could make medical claims ir"o* in"ir "rprov"rs claim $3 000
measure was the gr"nop"'inil";d;t-;;ii"i'bv
*i'i"h u could
"ou-pl"
them 10 take care of their child A
in income tax relief it, g'u;Jp*"ni was helping a better
-is t tn" bivii service. This is
to allow for
third measure is tne s_cav iloilie"r. leave which was a'n
the extended. maternity
work-life balance. rinatty,'tnere
these various measures, there is
extension from g weeks to''il *""r". rhrough
sufficient reason for tu.ti"j "o-'pfJ" to nuui
t6t" children as the high cost of raising
(concerns which the public
children and the lack ot t'it"UrJ"nif otu'" ""ung"t"nts
raised) were addressed'
foreign talent'
e.g.Disagrees: Explains the policy of attracting
th6 most'successful one ln 1989 the
No, I believe thar the toreig-niai"ni poficy is
government started to it" in'ttigtation policy to attract foreign talent with the
ikitt. tnut sinsapore t"q,;;i;;;i;;"ti.
'"ru"* i'ir" n"n'o"t"ir]:"J:l:::"H:li:::
F
ir an.attraclive education package for chirdren were offered to foreign tarent who
were

I
willing to work in singapore. By making it easier for foreigners io work and
lrve in
singapore, the government hoped some of these individuals would develop
a close
atlachment to the nation and take up either permanent residence or citizensnip.
Rs a
result,of the inflow of foreigners, srngapore's .o"i"tv nu" r""ome more
cosmoporitan
thus testifying to the success of the foreign tirent scheme in increasinj
fl .
population.
irre

i L5: Both aspects of L4. [9-l 1ml

[ 9m for an explanation of the given factor AND descriptibn of other factors;
10-1 1 m explains why Agrees and Disagrees.l

t L6: Reaches a balanced

covered in LS. [ 12-13m]
conclusion based on an explanation of factors

t Governa nce in Singapore

I Howfardo-esthesu@
to prepare for her ageing population? exphin your aiswer.

Writes about comm@

!l Singapore.
Award 1m for each detail, to a maximum of 2m.

I Eg. With fewer babies born each year, there would be fewer
young.people in the population. The number of older people
]1oujd
bg proportionately larger. This means the country would

I be faced with an ageing population and the community would

have to take care of the increasing number of senior citizens.

Describes ttre given factor, OR identifies/describes other

il factor(s).
Award 3m for describing the given factor OR
identifying/describing other factoi(s)

I Award 4m for both

Explains the given factor On otfrer tacto(s)

I Explains the given ta*or ffi

factor(s)
Award 8m for answers which explain the given factor and
identify/describe other facto(s)
An explanation of the give'n factor but only identifies other
factors.

Both elements of L3
[s-11]
Eg The community ptays an important role in enhancing the
..
welLbeing of senior citizens. It can give social and emoiional
support and provide healthcare and social services. An example

has made laws and introduced

ffine senior citizen.s. Tle fir:t

i#nts cm6btain the iioirt's help to seek financial stlppoft from

1i;;;hitAre; who ;l; Apabte of s.uppPrtino t!1iem'-b!t-a!e-n-ol
;iffie Pubtic Housing scheme
ffitn*" fist-time buyers of government flats to.obtain a
hiutsing grant if they buy a flat in the area where their parents
live soi that they can look after their elderly parents'

Maintaining a heatthy tifestyte is also the responsibility .of

the
inJiriiiil k preparing for their otd age. He sh7uld watch his diet
iJ exercise iequlirlv. He should also plan earlv and be

At the same time, family suppott is also important to bring.about

social stabitity and harmony. '. To strenqth.en
strenqthen tam
famil v - Do-ngs'

ilies toqether to show thet a

@nce of different factors

'm*rrir,
Egj the support of the government is es,sential^ in
ieparation for an Ageing population because without any
"ii[iiii arnd policieslroi tlhe gove,nment, to introduce
their
tiws ana measures, Singaporians woutd not be physically'

in
@importantmeasure
t<eeping tramc smooth in Singapore" Do you agree? Explain

Writes about traffic flow in Singapore.

Award 1 mark for 1 detail and an additional mark for further
details.
ig.- As Singapore's population continues to grow, there will be
2", in"r"r"6 in aem'ana for land to buitd roads. Singapore has
e,xpirienceA rapid growth and therefore traffic volume in the city
centre is especialty high especiatly during the peak hours'

@es other factor(s), without

-now in keeping traffic
exptaining it is an important measure
smooth in SingaPore.
Award s mirlis for describing the given factor or
identifying/describing other facto(s). Award 4 marks for both'

-for suPPorted.
Agrees OR Disagrees,
n-irio s marks an explanation of how the given factor/
uii"inutiu" factor was an important measure in keeping traffic
.r"otn in Singapore and an additional mark for any supporting
detail to a maximum of 7 marks
id
ir TLa AoBes
I
& Dist
ta', l

trl ffimru:" l
ge+' i::*"",u:rn,:"*ntmn* m'
;;ffi ]

nelor rrT6- ;io.i;.1iififfi ;ilfl **li*i)

Fl o
,L A (JAr-a -d n e r, oa, o. n"r ao o. \-n
"L. d,o"eo ro,
.9,,'.2 or d d,ha, - -arn"Cer,.ar-o.r.r,t,",".r.,O.,

ir In4iqo.,r rolid , 6 tnF o,i - o. rdr. 1 da.Ed

'oo^F ioord -ao".".
, diE tl
...-,or- trr
rl Disaqrees:
a4.. Ij

T lm': 1ei:ue 9 I I p"." o.F-p rdlr noa ,oo

-'d-Area Lrmshq ^",
s.heme ,A s. unoF. .- -.,F"-,

I L'll' " -o
:d'"p",t"bou.dcd
'-,, " ,1 ",
Fnan ocds ,slq"ro,p
ai. I "r""- <r",o".eo
",
'Fa.Fd.o .or Lrd.er.n.
tl
I ffi
e r- r a rhF P6str

o"+Ler:l+aq-.r"!;-
ad /one o.- "i ;;als;. =--

;idt,,.a
i

t ffi
ffi -
o"!ie r, e ats b" dr e.-.F ;;d;;: i;;;
" i;
fl I 4 ' haches a b:lcmd orctu<ion
,Ho a< ro .pt,!nty tt 2. t:
t3.

I addrcc<ing 112.
fa, .
Award 12 narks for a weaktyerptaind
marks tor a wett-erptained asres<mcnr
L
I
I {o) , T::.
rantr ramries
ooo \1o.poi61 pop-r.ron, c
':": Do,oyouaqrcer E
bF. ,rd p.o. o o, o,

t l: :,tuios on erononns ldts.rtdnit,es ot torcisn tatenr whhout t'ocus.

Iaurr p.l:l.: o,oorcr . L"-Fo o. r .o\ popud.o. q.o,. --

il ^1 r-rddd..,
-"i. d oF. in to3/ it rrEd to b. m,.o,oo.e -oop," o
te\Froi,
(.roren pF, troa- r ,eoo or
o"(o r.9.a d oe t nl6-. e nF^ Dot. . F.!o-r"oFd p"r"
ormore.hidrcn i they..utd alord r '
t]
 or att.acting
L2 Describes lhe policv oi promotinq larger lamilies
its s!ccess in encorragrng
f orrsn lale.is wilhour e^plairing p-
popuhnon growlh ol sing.pote
5l

.;o"oo,e aooo.'d "l" "d n q!1o1oor "odka 16'. - drr)

;--;:,;;,,'"; . "i a.oo,". a" .a " paru- od o'
."' ::"q";;; ;," .;o. dua o-.,

r trbldrns the imponance promoting lc'ger lamilre( lo encouraqe

1-
oltre potrcv o' an'a'tins to'e's'
i,l",.l"ii J,.ii-r. i.'st""*ori onpopuarionsrowthor
;:;;;;;;;.-;i,iiv;;;aqins sinsrpore 16'
3l

Encouraqins large lamilies

lamilles is one ol
lncreasinq pop!lalion qrowlh lh.ough encoumginq larger
aton
lhe soLutions govetnment has used to boosl S'Pore s PoPU

1 oou, o .a' g r oapo '

-d a oor r dlFd d
-;.1 tid" o'r /on"a
N lo ll.a rFola!61e l c'F oll
"^" ',,""",.-..,
'"*-- .-r*" o oi o'adno ro' k1 F or413 ^'F
r.r." t \ld en o ao' I hcv (oud cdord I o eo
"..,, -.1.
' n-'1 d 1 odl
6d
,.';;"ih:: ',i;"; ; ou""* or n, ' op.v rd FnFoo
to oe v6to oe or rrre
^ irr"*-
-ll. ,.'-. ."o;'". v"o " e o
ili ii,)," ,ii r.;,
o;noui,".o"s .
,
dlod"'|o
;.1
children or mor "en
h:vF hree"':;';;.";";..
i,1'"-.,.1. i"rr'"i"r*"a ro'"a"n"o on"'oD'o s"o"p''
o.D!ation
^'"
"-"i"ii dn o 16 Ir2o1d{j1IrJ
"-.,-^ '".i"rr" o"o'
. i,.iir-,'.i-.t"q o or aer"L "d
r.L r.hildren aliendna approved"
j"d-"robF.tr"'enrres
'rId'a@ olo,.r oour.belt
. ;i";^,,".. ';
. il"ii.,"e e" ue u*o tor nospilaland delilery charses ior lhe 1st'
?nn:nd lr.l.h ldrcn.
i,""."#".'' e*, e"n rhsr dem' o opo "trr'
' p.ii"y
i
"- ov^.in" q&l 'o
z oavs or Leave ior r'arents lo spend
"a"-pt"J "!
ln 1933. some 55 OOOO babies were born folowing lhe intr'dlclion of these

B,ho q'qanqrs Trpo aon {orEoloi ol 6'o'VoElvo

i-^"".I rr'";** ' on"o oaoe rdl
i"i""" r.i"-"::::J " o"d^, o heu6o veo,.r.4Lo
"i
;-: riic".r
".paq-,.
" e- r'de o"oor"^oud'""
'.-';.;"; """ "oir .
i'.'.1i.. 'q 't
:,::;";;..r": ;,i"-,' :"; " ' .

.-ir.""' r'',' n i'P

;li*i"i ""'"'"
"r. ." 'r.'''r',",rlr"o'pL"o '\ ^" ' " oood
 . 41, o .o [ - .o, . .r
o- to,ct d.o
t".o nry'n[1F o naFa. . eiraro. rd r.. t, r
.6\.,1od..ed l dcr ,h. po Ihodtr.4o

LL E pEins the ihponance cn\olagng targq tdmilies to encoutage

populcn.on gt.owth in.Singapa,e AND ptlf.nitv
nqa.urcs eooal OR
tne pohcy of ddta.nng brcig, rdtent< in suctesstutty encour.gnq
populaton grcwih ot Singapare

Pro.Family Measures l2004t

::._"
u_ wa i9!o':'"
o
o'o',n, ne!. u+
nFd-br o,n- tvi ,r-.
{--
i roo" Fd o.,r " eo.e a. "
"" r.Fn _oong i rS x e \"mlat
\pce , n 200a
uo, tsrLr "n a .F> tro. oLor rp.dod o--r.dL.-^ee
on eq br-Fd - ddid be".- i ooth pd.qt, ro.to tra.a 4d d
r.r. to thFi I'd,q ^.p.6
f rhFi.h d.ar.s amoir-. -p u oupr"
rd,Fn M",",. . rca.-
" ., . -",r," .!r,
::- 1 9 1.*' fo.'1-r o.nq 0.6. ^", ""
he.odo, d o .
'od ro.or the, r.15"i
r balan.e

t: q" ". noo !"o "ineo ", d,'hq ,..u.as rhe.o.,

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I
o

o.r or hd\r o !hrd.6,

iil'!' ll.!. '.p',/t I oF o ipr.c r
i b" elo.r"q;d,o
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wor{s
o. a.o rh. -." o,odh r pop dlnn r--rp.
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oida^te
I o. rncs" . enr.e. ro p.o. o.F r.,qe rdlre i F e nd-
l:^:\e n eF*'."*".",oooorsno,oo""oipid,Dr
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a"n'ed6Lore ,e o oapr o,4^- d
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I 4n o GaFd io I d,. b&., eo .i d, u .Ant
r.orc.Elani ,dr6 r. .o. bFto, oi

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,Trnm-d rAs.e.poF, o "r" n.'o.-qr ra-1
..."-. poot;,oi. q
bardo eDo- tor-,"nd- n". o o,,
I sponsmen aretoretqne swho hare raten !p( zensh,o

h 1o^8o.
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o o po a9 io . ro.. rF.- o,6 Fd to io Fiql
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'"
:;.:l-;:i!;Js;;:-a';;o ciob'dld (Gd e o od' d''j1

a tdsoned conclusion (which is th' best

L5 L1 + Adves at

i\ Ine 06'r
In"o,*cino to,"q' raca or'' t'rri i"
;.;;.J;,^,i"a-i as 11n'oirre Irp"15'no
."1*- i." -*'n.+r A\no qF oas +eo-e nldsel or me o d
^ ;." n pe6 m4 I
:i;", ,;:;.i;";: '
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li]}i."";"r; ;,heqo\e'nre. ooe. no,'dv.,
ra enl lo lhe @untrv
ofmoney io.iracr lorqn
wh,e rhe oor", ol p'orol'q iFr lmF n4 rl re ron o 14Fd)'
lj"j. ororen ro b' e bcd 'I
,'-'o no^ev" '- ' raorrnoro-o re n orl'on o
;;.::i;';; ; "; ' ""'
'..i,..1"0 " rxl* d'oe-d or
'""-'.;''j " r,r.. ",omoar"on r'au"s 'are
,;.,i],]";, i;..i; ;;;;i oe.,1 a pop auon "s o'Fq -. do o'
"
:;;;, " "';; ; *"'i.'." -,'. -0.'," e'i"ffi i,,'ii"1'"i
dh{e oppodunies
;" ! {@-re" srcapoE o e nd"
e-conomc tso
;";-,"' :;;; ;""i'; ' ,oo" u.2n"dro
.rij,i .p.p"" o:o/ 1 rh"rLrrF
"
ii
it Themei UDde.standing Governance
Ch 3 lManaqtng Heatthcare: C.se StudyotSinqapore

il (a) To what oxtenr can the British wotfare system for health.are work for
Singapore? Explain vour answer. t121

id Writ6s aboLlll"e hedtth.ara rysrem but tad'ng desL'rprrcn.

12

ir poT6&rrIrFraresJqra,
o di96 -nr1.,.e1. I r
paY lf
o_lre
_!e 'netr ied
|eatrn o
ol :
"' o"doT o| o
orr,qdpoeto
enho oLdnoldhoro o

tt L2 Describes the g.vrn factor OR idpnrit'esdescrjb.s oth fadoGl

Award 3 m#ks for describing lh g ven factor OR idertfying/descrtbinO
othrfaclorc Award 4 marks fo. both
Jr

fl E g I can work for Sifgapor provded veryone does nol teave at lhe
planning lo lhe govemment aid are responsibte to ook afler then

il heallhcare needs and wtfare without rtyng overly on govrnmeri

' d el o l
Tdrl .ra,c,orp.i
^o eao
p- daq bv the cove nrFn'
a o,:b ror.
q

tn s why the peope need to opt earty for [4edslritd or Etdershitd

nslrafce offered by lhe governmenl as an alernalive to Medsave in
ndr

fl L3 i Explains the siven ractor, oRotherracro(s)

Awat.l t hdks fot ah exptanatian, antl atlditinat naks tat anr
suppadng delail, Dp to a haxmLn ot 6 natus
tn Yes I can work lor Sngapore provided ising he.[h costs are manaAed

fl carefu y Howver for Snqaporc, heltthcare costs had inceased

sleeply lfd this was atso whai Brta n had orpeaenced in the 1gBOs The
resull s lhere islust nol enough docloF nurses and t c ities in hospita s
for surserles lor al. Besides lopping up lhe CpF ot senor citzns the

F Aovernmenl woLd need lo make avaitzbe more,C'cass wards for

lhose who cold not afford basic heathre This means patie.ls in C
cass wards in aovernmenr hosp la s pav ontv 20% of the tora cost as

tl 300" uot/"d
o_ord b".. hF"rh."re trt
I ont6\er, pa+n
tor e\cmoe ^ho
B rdrd-
charqe 30% on indvtduas with lhe remaining 2oolo being subsd:ed by
.n

ls
Expla'ns tho siven ractor and htionaliseswhy or wirt;ot
tn AwaftJ 6 natks fat explainng ane eason to suppa L3, and l
t! Eg Govemmenl subsidies alone w lnot be enouqh lo ensure lhe Brt sh
wellarc syslenr ol heatthca wit wo.k fo. Sincapore This is because tf
tr Ljo . 6r
db 1!dF o,.j.t .roF.Ftoned-o.ld,q- a
^oudh..Frooapa.dbu06. oFn,u.aqLd , -or'h d.-
,.n cni.". P "q" aj-; o-'po nqfr- ooo'ono dd
" ""-- o
'rn" "d l o''o
""
hlve to .onre lmm laxp.yrs money This exD a ns wh! in llrc 1930s
Brl.n lidr Prme Mnsler. Maroarel Thalcher had 1o back ol
'ul
o'o'io'po'
-F n-F I obtF' i
mFeliio the d-o'nard Tor heaLlhcare senLces as heaLlh incr'ased
"sls
;, ;. o , jo""
-;-:,,.,." o o
d n'l
N.rofar nsd;ance l.x of 3% 10 lhe Brl sh governmenl which
,t" lon B" 'or d o
p"t, '. q oor' 'n problenr ''dro oof
'-".'"'";- ",
halh.ar. and erpandlna lhe NHS, I dd nol solle the

eolh el.menls or r:
Da nat a||att 1a nark unless rcasons ln f.vout ot .gatnsl lhc well"e
s! sl--n at hc althc.rc is cxPlained

rs "r,s werors tr*tar,va imponancp or lhe rwo hpdlihcJP

\"(rcm. one-rhal te>l< on lhe prirciple of r.countab litv cnd lhF
oirre, n* aep".o' o|n'rers'd sov'rrmenr 'padinq on
hearlhcare laelrare model).

Eq SlnqapoG cou d Leam flon lha expreice of Brla. s NHs (Nal ona
H; h aetuicer b! manacinrr resolrcs optma v. ror exaope, re

. .-."i' e "n."0 .o 'o Nrl pl"n n -000 11 1"d"

d
i-nnP n...o.n i.oo" k ho
hea rircare s nlapor .ould eatn iiom lh s and contnue I' mon l" lhe
'
h*lrrcare n;d5 so thal I would nol spend unnecessarLv on
adnr nislr:l'or and nge.l the provision of polessionaL me'i ':l
serv cs
The .rra enoe lor boih the wellate mode and Srig.pore's lrealthcare
sslm is h;w io manaqe ihe steep dse ln he.lthcarc costs ard vel
nr..,.e ol"tl LeJ dF o rt DFoplE. r - ngdpo - oo.e n FnL
ooh !r . V ,M r " v6o 1'o VaoI'a
o.-p o " \'o o.d o lo rnd
b" io" q oo ohF"r'"
" we f:re
llris respecl the qov-.rnmenl coud adopl a modelror lhose who
neC lob hepa by qovernmenl subsides The aovernmenl woud llso
need lo.lLdyirre ne;Js orrhe ndde ncom and devise a ratrsvs(em or
," or;o or6ddl ard
eo. p ," o no r.nEorldF 4l o
.fL!.lL e s..!
"q"do01'd
d be beller mel
lf,
il 2(bl Her are three ways
healh.are of an agerng

il governnenrsupport.

tll Which of these is a bener wav or

elderly? Exptain your answer
I13hl
Lilwrires abdi fiE aseins poputarion wiiholr rocus onrhe qqesrion T r-r--
E9. Sirgaplres poputato is egeing raFidtv
leeqe,+l
D."-jb".
"
Ojq yelrs elese !viot5-
r.a;E b,ri;i;ffiffi;;
The lirsl
i1'l
r*fr
t :::::,:{^, t* _" na* "ia q ii,i"'ii i"n I

s T
puE D.
I s,ooo,,. . e hedr
!F eFo. o, d. dqer s
fs" , MFd."\a 4-(anra'F,ordartFuda-op-op
ulmr ll5qru,i I opd\'o thFrn-o(a dr Io.prr,r...,o
d .o e.o o,o p'ooie . on h-.","" -"
::i.--j_ l:t"1."we Ihse

t
e! rs ano orqanrze proqmmes "
lor the e dery
Erplcin\ one,ccto,
!l:^:-:-::::.
srppantng detat to a ma rnun
,- D. dnd ao,tr.an", a., . ]a
i
ot 7 n-trts

I
I
I r
, e ExpDnrron and etabordtion on how the p/jnLipre
o, indivjoual ;
r accolntabitity is beihg apptied
I ::"^!-1?::! . b
....
; .""",
t . d an,r ']qb, 6.aan-o
p".", . ...
D e-." E ta\ p.. anpd. a.t1 a.-"..;' ;":;;
a.th an-.nG n-,^
",; ","ii'."
il-.
-.';'"-*,
11

".t- ."t1 a. *ri.". ,iap*

I I o Go.- re
"a

o-a aaono r- "ld-,v Bl !F M.dso,c^h..,s";a".,."a,."r

1,.. . V6o, hcd r rh a o oa/ e. n.L,dnre
:::;- il"-t or .o r v"o,.".-
o.o.e.,h"o,oo,,rio,r* " o.rr"
an or .uo>d,ed o,' cn",g",
v-o, d d V6o!1aa "fio.o o"rp."
'.d ,o M"d.,;.o *,,,n
..t Lo b. .. .!nadoo.- " "n
rdnno' paL/ 9o.-r rant o hFrp L o,e 4ho
ror rF r medtrat eroFnscs

4!!41rm I'naina ..hemes o heD oa! r.r medlcal etDenses of the

erdery ,F 5n!apor
2q" q911911,4q""c ]
 E mv viw. tth nk lhe prnc ple of individuataccountab try must st i
!. bloi
dool, i adpor.!.Fn' o.gh1or bs,o-. d.p t",.ooFr
" "i"b"'o "o o^r 'raooor- d.daop -"a!
o-1ro o d oao.oo:;.
d. ,-r- lopor-.do.ordF. -p
.hFrF. 1 d. -.- n-,o,ndro,o/asb.str
linancllprotection io those who oeed on! term re Moreover, needy
.nd d sabled eldery Sinqaporeans who are not liCibte for Etdershietd
t d, dop r la n d cr L -p uloe tr F Inp.i. D-ao.a
o o r'.r o rhF loe r DAD-. -r ", To, - -, dlor ^). \sunle
'. otr,
' n., leqd ro !,!,
F
dFoc d4n!- or x c ao.Fr, ar ,
Bnc' F r'. n a \d, orr Fr..-!o
", .-,,o,o o'aDo.d
'-
'o od. ' b- ldo
6 '-o
lhe cosrwll have lo'obe bohe by the taxpayer lnthefna anaNsls,
srnqaporecan earn lrom the British wellarc mode bul itclnnot fouow
Ihis mod because hallhcare costswil continueto risea.d th
ndividua wou d have Io paf ahead byleppina on lrre I MedNave
accounl aid olher ava lable schefies on lhe olherhand, the conrmunty
4o. d l.,r o,eao- |
lo^n.. '-rc,. --,r,o.d Lo.aie .o rhF hd.,4q-rd 1q 6
'o bed _ - ru o".1ot l c Gn;. rc hFdr aF
coslsuprapidy This isbe@lse t,ledisave [,4edished!nd t,ldifLnd or
llre'3Ms cannotcontrolhealhcosl nf alionanduntesslhegovernment
tLF\.d- -pb o,,hFDooi^no d.F
',.uoF
rllco -o Ff1.o . otu a.hS. .o . d.d.o.o,Fqon-oi.d
.are ofp ead lor pub ic charily. ^,

(a) To what extenr is the p.onorion ol a halrhy lifestyle amonq the citizens
ihe main Iactor rmprovinq th standard of heatthcare services in
Singapore? Erpta 'n
n your an5wer. 1121

L1 writes about promoii;s or healthy lifestyte w itho ut focirs

Award 1 mark for ach deta up 0 mr, nrum ot 2 ma s

Dscribes given taclor, OR/ identifjes/ desibsiherfactm

Alv.rd 3 nra s lor descrbinq qtren factor OR deit ,is/ds.ribes
.rr'rr.... !trdrd l mr t tordong boh
il
r Healrrr edrcarDn &d1rcfro|onoaalearhy ffsry a

I I
:i:.:i:J :u};tkft T"JilJil, :)"1;[:'Hj:it
r'rrhero^n
il i
ra" "]:ffii;'.l11",i".!:i:''o5bc
E{plain the gjven frcroroR oth;
iAwrd 4 m fo .n
h-a rh

14-61

r
F,nra,,a1ion
slppon nq deral

T
I
I
t
.;'-,-'--
-"
f
i ; :1r::""1x1 i;::j "" :r"
: ;';:.:: ,:r ;;::

'u,russoe,:nigil*n''ffi
iitl#i$i{r"+t+rr".#ljd
;itfltr*iilf
i,;,.5*il+*ru;lfi:f
'";-;::"-l ;::;f
" ;::l:::
iii :j:I ;,::""*
";:" ;iJ";;"',:1";::';1"."" -o';.;;'.,n" " .

!:ll:J"'j:".4"J,;::.;;";;. ,; ;": :"" ". .,"", .".,".,.,

"." 17l

n,fi:.-- '' ts rot

 15, plus rplains the relarive inporllnceof ditferern tad-o,s.
Toodan a,h,o.ah ci. po.c/. \jnqaLvecr.
rF"r. lotr o be pocrcL or ,*, n"".rn .: e."ror" n+
D.oEy nF or '6- paa n'ooL..o d.e."*i rhFr .!re or hear.
iF]F.e., e b-rdFl or pavno o, --" . G.e o., o. th" I dro. o.Th>
the
9o1eT e-l lo s!trd lh. .drF nonF/ 01 r-F'der,,orrF.,
ronunare or.n olhs deve opmenl

(b) H.re are rhre w.ys r" which to improve

rhe NHs to meet the neds ofthe
psople in Brirain:
inc@asing efiiciency
managrng governmert spendinq
provjdin9 quatity seruics

Which of these is a h6sr wav of meting the neds ol the psopt in

B lain? Erplarn youraneer.'
Ir3l
writes abour improvi;-lt;iHs 11.21
a@d 1 maRforeach dela tuo to
D.scribes racto(s) bur with;ai
Award 3 marks ior one tactor and 4 frarlrs lor more rhan one t3-41
t clor
eo Ma lh..he. n rae NHs - o," "- "n..f,olq.p,,vrrz" olot
She ked ro.utbacl on heat0iare soend no
The NHs ne-o. to rode,n /"
n orte, ro oro",ro- q. a r" ""r c"

Awdd. trdns o a c)p'a..-o, I'7I

ldoi o,a. 1d4s ror a1,
supporl nq de ail, to a maxrmum.rT "no
hi <

VF rhllhr ldde NJS nor" Ftrie-r throush p.ivarz on or

tr neans r.,fiaa 9o."i, nenr ,onr.o or
nos,ort $1ic$ ho,pr"s -ao to oe ef(e.r ,o Tzte
h?dre
gow
orca\ aerhv re. pNe tE.\ One ebTde ot
l::_11?llg- *.
for NHs .osorrar\ lo n"re .se o. p..vdie
oa'ados_lo trond. seli-e^ .-(. a, aLtl .,-d1,19 an.
,oLd a,tow .osort-s ro corent,"re o. behr
neocr rFry(er End r.eli.g .e r-"os or .e pFop,e o, B-ira,n
lhDush betler medicat
tr.ptus exprains orrrei raiiirrl- [3-111
A@rd 3 marks rorL3 otus se.-;d f:..r explained. with
one enra
mark for add tional supponinq iniomat on Award 10
marks for L3
PUs n{o other tactoc exDlatnld. wilh.np
I
I .-.oo1.ibr6,o. ,.a ...
'd,d.d o o. .oe
B r.a., 0..06,ot.rt onr , I

I governmenl spendi.g would resur n not havn.t free and qua y

'h u o" li to,, Bd.a- o.o oi ed.F;Fr.(.rl

I spending and improve the NHS He coud do so
people pay more towards lhe Naionat
.s he made rhe

t Tony Ebn fer rhat the NHS needs lo nrodern 2e in order to Drovrd-a
outrri -. eOToiaa^d
h-lo ,,rpr !r oi on ! a.;r - p"
I wd rhF Ntls bto' ./000 I
"
tFo
I .
".o bd
ro. . dnq- "
Fd oa r4-oo. I
po d. r. ioi- qo\..nT-
'

I 10- NPSoarFn
'ol- '. , d In4
Reaches a balanced conctusion based on the relative
112-
131

I siqnif icance ot the faciors

P o lh .. .6!ri
..h F4.-..oF.
6| d.o.
r o.
rh-,o..op,o.drq
oo..oh,.-oo.-.-,-., d... dr,. L
n co e.lino moretaxes as there are es; young people to suppon
I an agmq populalion Privatsation and ncouraginq
roi hci or. ..diih d.. a-ad --.Feope lo pay
d.- ibo o e:
measurs hrve been adopl.d
, " u.
I
 Theme cohnEt.nd Hmmony,nIvutri.EthnrcsocErres
rh 4 s'r
Lanka and Norrhrn kerrnd

3 Canflict and Harntohv in Mufti-Ethnic societie<

, , , ,ljl ,.1" i.ha/d.onry.porcy w.s rhp nolr rtoporranr

*l^._,.:!l::
reasor whyco-itict bro\e out in SriL"ntta? Erptarn your.nswer.l12l
ll Dpwr,b.s lhe gcr{at bprc withour locu. bernq put on rne irsue in the
quesnon.I1 2ml
'-o d ''4 ' 1 ' F,- '
"; "^: " ;"^" ^1. '|or rh4 d. I. d.o - s
"-"@mm:r..
oo- oFno n !rroth..o I r
Li_l::..jpj: sl:T_91l_f g rdennncs, Desnibes
orhF' rador r. ). r3.4nl
, o ue rv-9o a r to a.dJ dooro d 1d. .o,,o- r,./n.o.- ,d oj,.p
Fo \o. oi'ha 5, h"'.O.t. po,\,I
''6o'b%,o16
^d, rd rar o..i,polrl.Fd or
r"i-",rrn.rro.s.
. 1 drLoo. .d,-d.reo ,h,r^d. - -. . ,,, po; . -d ol
13. Erpta'ns the qrven factorl4-6mt
r41 ..o -,"". irr. i-
suppon/nq dera lup i. a mJ rmLo otbmlc

4m lor an exp anation otone other fa. or, and

an ad.|lona/ma rorsuppon n9 d a/
up loa max 6um ot 6mks.l

aa ves, rhe sihha,a onty oo i.. or t\, FrFBlrsn

::-:l:''"^:l!:--11 o . F r.qi' o,.o."r"q;
!o.F, i.. , e
"b" ^"r" " " "oa,.", o, e
I 'j'i,"nk"unod
pdi>E! :r" "dLanquaq A t 1956
I hF ou -r-td
-",, " {""",";
"
) bv whrch Sinh,
;:"" 1 ",;:::,:"",,:;".".1[;
51 ,do bFd ^
*, .*n"
o @ do-no,oedo 6 o,he.4.o,.bIJ ns,.oa " ",A
y.d!r"^.,it-l-11:
'-"1 q uen onstr ron .qdrfs th olicrar L:n.,,:.r a.
rn6 d1,. e6d6d
-f d!-\eq 6\40
oioa.o,q.no
:;";:;'"'e' ,--'

E'plai^5 orher fa.tori,). t46mt

Na, the'Srnhata onty Dotic!;ar n.|h" most
imporl:nt reason. rather jl w,s
the question of citizenship riqhts tharw:s the
mosi import6.r reason.
$
tl
il ,*",;:;.15:jitT:,,{.";j,":i1;
"i.l;li"i
::;1

il ;l'l: : *Lt 1tt #:* ; *;u.T, +-. T ;;

tl *t*t r-i** i, i ql[* :ii1l, ;"*#
I
gqli'rt:n
I
#.+fn;:; t*:;i,
fi#*#ir*;a*ry
*n[+*r-*r*rffi
l-4: aoth etehents
ofL3 t7-1n_r

.:". s ;1 i;:il* i np'""J1 ^^\%":::,1 :;""": ?,r.: ;:" . "" "

5::,ti""i5:lf
"::til,::;?:*ilT,"::.[Tif * j?.in jf lii,.,14 .0,n,"

'', "l*ff;'"::i:4.,;1;q3; 'jJ:"".;?llfi

r;J:il:ffi ,if,,
ii;*i,"ii ;..1ti:1^*",,,"'l; ';?:
t#il',fi .,i,+i.T"ii:
""i,T,Jit;,ii;?l
'-'r':':"' i9i::".:l:':":Tsano,den,ineqrac,o,s r,.4mi
 I

eg. Yes the conllicr has had serous conseqlences for the country The
consequeics are of Ihre lypes politcal economicaid soca. Ot these the mosl
serioLs s lh e..non cconsequencas
e c Th conlict n sri Lanka has h:d maiy consequences such as the econoric
po itca and s.. alconsequnces Howevr ldo not aQree thar rhe most serous was
th co..d,. coosequences. Rather, itw:s
L3: Agrees OR Disagreesand Descrjbes either given / orher fa.ro(s).
e.g. Yes lhe mosl serous consequence was theeconomic mnsquences The riols
ol 1933 caused rnassive unefrpoyment for boih Tamits and Snhaese Peopte osr
lhen jobs as laclory workers pantation workers, etc Flnhernore, forign invstoN
lvre irghlefed oll by the violnce aftl puted out lhen nveslnent troh the coLnlry.
Tourism, whch was a major revenue eaner lor Sri Lanka was simtarty badly
affecled Th dcrease in numbers of lounsl arva s h:d a senols efie.t .n .hs
I u, oLF rh4 ouro,-o\
econody h:s been badly hit

eq No ldo nol aqree ihat lhe economc consequnce was lh mosl serous
conseqLnce. Rather, I beleve I is th po uca conseqdence thal is the most
serous. Th Tam ls origina ly lred to !el what they wanted lhrough negotiations. Bll
nols toke out (eg. n 1933) As theTamisfound that lhf dmands wre .ol beno
d. o-ad o ru, o orhF dtd n.Ne 16rr o
9- tr q a:
lhey wailed One was rhe use ol totence The LTTE bgan lo anack lhe Sinhaese ^
as weLas lhe Tamlmemb.rs of the rulng party Ths armed conflct cost an
ncEasng numbe. oi rves Also, rhe conficl edrotnda ntetuenino nsriL.nkas
.l.'nrl doA o oncr ot r -dd on o e r;,"r
",0 ""r
changed to more dnecr inleryention {ln-droppnq ot food and pelroteum p.or!.ls)tn
Tamldofrinated areas Ths was nxt tolowed, n Juty 1987, by Sr Lank being
prssured nto sgning a pace accod whch a owed tnda lo snd peacekeepeE
nto sri Laika ro d sarm lhe LTTE However, the LTTE refused t. surenner hen
weapons ro llre lndians. This then led 1o clashes behree. t.dian peacekeepe.s and
LTTE Fi.arty the tndian torce was wirhdrawn nom Sr Lankd
e.0. No, Ihe economic conseqLence was not lhe most serious consqle.ce. The
most srous consequence was the sociatconsqlence This meanrlh.l the conticr
c.lsed rroe-sle dlsplacemenl of Tamts beyond the couilry,s borders Ma.v
Tamrs led the tightnq and went ro Tamt Nldu in Solih tnda. Furlhermore the
decaralon ol Hlgh SeduntyZons (HSZ)by lhe S.tLankan amed forces lo keep lhe
T-Ean". "."l.o "d'oad, drt e-n9 d.
'bd.
L4: Explains given factor. [6,3mi
l6' r,odr.o,,F1 4o'oorh.. or ro da "- 1a or o. do ed ng
1 add liona ma lorach detai !p lo a maxinrun ot B hks.l
eg Gven Facror Yes, lhe mosr was llre econom.
@, "q " e. I.F or o t63.,o Fo1r. i.e
rr ld.F F P.oo.e o r InF. |ob. o, ;.to1 pa
FldlremoE foreign nvesloB were fightend oJf ^ore
bythe vtotence and pu ed our lhe I
nvestment ifom lhe counlry Tourism, whch was a m.lor revenue amer for sr
Lanka,wassidiarybadyafiected Thedecrcase n nunrbersof tourslatrvashada
seious efiecr on lobs r aled lo lourism thrs, due rhe outhrc.k (and
cantiruahce) of violence. the econatny has been badly hit. The toss ot jobs
meant hardship fot thousan.ls affahities and atso prcss!rc on the governheot
t aleviate the slffering of the peopte. fhe toss of foreign investhents meant
thatthe country could not develop q|ickty ard thefa| in the nu 5eroftourFrs
 meant that the sovetnnenthad less revenues to
spend oh lhe davelopnent of
an,ennies an.t taciht?s sLch a hausina!. AI this would mean
povetly and hardship for the people in genetat.

Disasres and Erptarns Olher Fado(s).I6-smt

:"i: d" :r .o,F- rhlr rrp F onolr !o .Fq.t-
_?i ":"-:."- %""m:,I:l\ ^r. .h" rh- , o I
I bF14.- | ,s rh. oo. .a .on.Fq.-ai6
'tFq
.:.::.- -": ."1't , to8r q-thpo:.- , ar
.h.\ wanr-d .rcLo| eqo d o. .. B..
"n!.ou.orha \a Frilo ;erercI.-"_
. i-5 oi ,,otF,.6 _hb
| trf o69d_

l:ij:1,'-"_ llb:9 i.e- 4.o... o.n.r,eo.oro" nr"^"""s n", _.."

, t,ooL
rhF ro, .","i,", ",a ro,"i
ot n-o,rtiol bJ
r-o4o b ._ *
'oddrFititF.oron,d{oporoor ""i .re, . p.o"" . -
nc- u,Fd nro.a1r9 o o.d.6 .o.o h..h oa ,o.; o p"".e,-";".
" fowever, the
rnlo sri Lank" ro d6am the LTTE. "to^"di
a+-|dd
LfiE re,used
in i F1 rEo ,o . d. he . bFh^een -o11 b aurender ihe;
^-.pot
,-lj,! o6...ra6pFr .no
| " y "" rno" ,o!e @ .. d.\c as a tesu| tne
pot tcdt c,M@qFmes has been nat iust the tos< of thousands of hte< but
ateo-a b. h ot t Fspect fot sri 1 an^a s sovg eQnty
when lndd intetuened,
. dn,Fqrer- sa . , o. !dql-, 6 L d
n o lsanou on.a- F d.the o.r!o..ao -.e t1.Tea..th".rhF,onr
d i" to -anr r.,l!d- tr so , . t-od. r ulF-m o- h:
o .Ermo Hqh-. L r.70 e\iH!/,.. ' rhFo,,Lonta
. o.droran) dnr.
.aus*
-_.'.!-"_*"1:
taee": numhets of famits b ne. then n..* *arhus.tne.onthcthrs
u"a, **ttiiq ,i
tnese, rFfuge.s hving in overcto@ed rctuice canps at wirh rct.tives ot

L5: Bothaspects ol L4 [9-t1m]

-n rr or aND oes
u , mxpranstrrryAarees and Dsaore< l
L6: Rearhe" a batanced concrusr;n bas.d on ,n expt.nanon o, ra.rors
covered in 15. [ 12-13m]

lbl'lhe economiL impaLt ofthc Tamit-sinhateso conflicl has

Lo.sn Lanka than irs potiticat inpact, , How tar do you
agree?

superticial answer sivenia;suDooriedr

Awad 1 ma.i{ ror a basic ans;;. ,.; ""
rorr -Ta1,-.i..d-\".orn
tr,o
@-, .o" dald, a o S- t"n\d
"" . .",
oo r aor'ar6d ;,._"",,:.".r;.:.;:":;
' .ored i .. Ld L. nt-. a d tdr
potl.d
""n, qo, no"
#,;"."i,::
o..F.
I ne
o 1,;,:"
1rie.
 LGrreaohard lrE t$;.
Awmd 3-a fr As ro, a sl;d"
torn{5)orimpicl ETTHER or BorH
l

ij;|:;#,1it!!Ii. itSit":j- jt,l?H -,

ff [;11;;;i1", ""
l* iiii:iJff il,""l"Jii.l"nr,, s,nha ese conric, was
ahed

l:,r:*:j"l':r ":: """'-'":". :;

1
L3 An,lysis and.{pla,ali;.
Award,5-8
t ,.
m ts tor r thorouqh e\pian*or
ofhow
l;s"ii
"t,.p*r "* a"."g.q ETTHER

lii" ;;;; :#il;|: ,:^si_!1lf ,h.,,n

?i's11:'jhe.rami,
sinha,* ed d has r.l
.,i;",";;;"j;;:;:.;
j".l,tfi
::ll,t*t iJ"*"1"1il;:":" ;:T ?i. Jff .""[ff :
;t!1.J fl T":f:;
;:,lljf lI", :lf
":i:11'?.-;#J#;;.
l:i::.x,t::::"'t11.:"r-r.t -;";;H:j"il";::: ;"',::;'fl '
i,::i ;:r,$ j,:ff il"J-,r i i#[i:.i#:T",,f" 1;til1
:i|11,.111""',:+*:1r lg ":r;.ff : ;"i:"iL:;' |fi ji"il'.)
;;"
l.jil,fj"':',',
:li:;rs:ii,_::i r:iiii,t!,11"1.;;"",11 ;.
r.,-",,
i"ili':l ji*,.r*.
xF.:,j,l,::,il J i"'H;?:ililif#J;'ffi :
L'0" ;;:i,,;, iliS
^

+Ur,,; l^l r::" -a;""ii;:,' "l11'1

:."
::"," r: ;.,;".":.: , l' :,.-""
";d ,u ^-
- ;""":,,,:"":""":;:": ",^ "

Jiffi,:ifiT'1tn*

***s*lr,,,;+:l.;Nffi**'
Id
It
tl i!:ilji'ii"ri"*:':.Tar.g:tr.:f,;'"*

ilr
il
F *:u*gm**t*W
t i,I*i,ffti
ig1*1$d;#,":*$,1#*tri'ffi
d Yes, the ecoromic impact
of rhc Ta,nr Snha qe.ont.r
more oanagtno lo SrtLanta h.s hepn
Ihan js polrriG/ihp:.r

I
I
I
[r,til#*i+'++rn+tt
Busnassas ftom oulside
q/ow Sr L:nr; $cre npedFd tor G econom!
rlre ont prob en
was h:i rew rore,ln Lo
nu"r na rtrrruot,"A,n nve<oa wanr.a r
"ornt,y "

mjr++ti:;,:lW
''5,*frrn!
;fr}f fl ;.;*r,ffi ft i,i,:,""';.*,ii.,''13',*
'. ,..-",";.'-.;:'".""'. li' :.'"
,D
,
 E..r'' l,- -.o.on' $"s a1e(Fo b"di wrn .e ro.crror ,n
r on or lounsr ndulrv, rmr" @s a o!( o.tu d> ro deL.op
amenil es such as transportand houstng.

Tne result of a I ihe abde s thal Srj Lanka has one of the poorst
^lardd ds o'lrvng . A.d at ts aco.ony 6nlt ues to da oen,no
lhal or ils more ptospe@us niqhbour, tndia.

Award 9-12 harks forlhorough xptanations of how BOTH

forms ol impact w6r. dahasins

hows cons.quen@s and resuttstirh;a;;;Grdthici

Award 12 m.rks for L4 PLUS, thoroush explanation ot why
ONE form of inpact was TMORE danaqins th.n the OTHER

Overa I the politicat impact ot lhe TamlSnhalese @nfitct _ in

parllcllar, Ihe amed conflict and vioence
- has be6n most
dao4.lo ro S. Ldnka D e o lhe poi Gtdsaa,enerts oehr"en
lhF S.nhrlese ano resep66l,sr tents trrun,-oro-os r :s me
Lrrr ose ro orori a-@ thcn use ot viotence adve "u.resurleo in
deGdp! or c\, wd Lir'e rbolh dri. a.d S.n-d"sei hdve been
lo, T5ese rr,ude nm,e.r.rvitdrsand\hto.er too TheiarluJ ol
lhe Tamils and the Sinhatese lo ach a potitil aareemenl has
orr/ Td I .o h.ued toFnce. wh(r
.oenF r additiol s.thour lhed co-nrt, noic wold d.5o.ol
hav6 a reason ro inlery6ne rn sn L:ntas.t.mc<ie:tr n<

Allhoug\ siO-t.ant, rrs economic impact ot lhe tdr l-S n.a ese
@n-iclLras nol b6en a. danlo,lo ro Sn tanta A houoh it h
diTcuii lo p@ve I iee thdt I urar tvee a-d trv1q . oe;*
hamony are mo inpodanfthan economr prospe y. -o
ln addiiior, lh6 economic impacl of the Tamilsinhalese @nnict
may achrally be seen as a @sull / subset oi armed confiict. The
.rmed conAid meanl lhal Sn Lanka tosi ils altEliveness as a lourtst
a rd.lion. li rere {a" o a n6d (orn , oreo- nveslors troJto
1ol lave e1 le cou1ry as r" country @ud s.,t be $fe ior
nve^hnl hdustfr n qere,.t oLd bo ,e!r.E ano
lnemployment woutd not be so high
fl
fl 2 Conuid in rvTufii-Erhnrc So.rety

fl lh marn cause of confticl betwee,

rn Norrhern ket.nd? Erpta,n vour

fl 112l

[.l li:i" i::: fl.:E:J

I
j
L2
[1t'"..ii....t n,i:.**'.",, ",
' r'si;: 11"1;331;"" r'."
I '1ii"";'l**;tirffi
l:,,s""'ift '::ili";"":':T": o ni ". ;,.-'h" " o
",,- " d

I lL3 I Award
ExptairllF- sjven ractor oR ornerracrors
l
I
4 m fd an etptanahon a.d addl,on:/ m I+61
'uoooilodora.i.ioztro,-,n oro" - -'-' 'dn d
r' " ,
le9 ii lathot.s see lhemse
ba,eu,"a wi " aeor,.. lee as kEh:n,l
;; ;"';:
w:nr I
i ore o s,rr 4d wd,
", "i,";:j
." on ";":,."';?l:
F - "."" "." ". ";, o
.e ,..
"l# i:;il."il;:)T^:;" l:;;::lT.;.H:-:;Jl:
I I luverneo bv rhe a.Gh Thev tnew lha rhc.,rh^i; _,

g+*+rl:+,';lr"q-iriF++**l*5
I
I
I
I

1::,*------ ,::
jrli;!:ii",'-"1"r
i:;;, ;:,i" :;::'i,':i""::':';
]

I li"-{ffi *
]
=*nfll*i+':,,;."'.'i"ai
lrr0 oo /",".:,;;
"
""

" i":fl11T'"
" **"irrr*rrr',.
qrv.n raLro' ahd'oun'n'u'
--'-*--'*,
o,n-,l
'0"*n0"" nr

t3:,"";;*''"'' u'' no" "non""oo'o'"""'o''ol

I
r6 Ls., pr6 Frariv ihporranceol d*rerenrr"o.,".
Db.c ia. -;"
1,,,_
t e "; ;' rn! i;i-
uMFoiiodhslierd,d.o.o.n.r
^exprdihs.rhe
I
:i:'1:,i:;.:1';:ji",i:,","",, :::1,r .,"^"" " is rheir 1
iru.idi hal -ed to bF a^.,d "
o q--," .nr"loo, ..o.r.-lo i
"d 1 ro a. !.0r.nd o,-""o
"d1roa.!.0,.nd orp" " 0 "._,e.q%a..".
"."1q. or%a..". - aft,atr^.i
dtr
 I

d o1.dftq<fr. o -. rc.qo, -,
o6 o h1.ol oLo,9 od,/ o !olh4r, 6tana d.d uo..
lowards progress and econohicg.owlh When this s achieved at
othr rcasons would not be great y fer

(b)Here are thre6 consequences ofthe protestants and the

loss of investmehts toihe country

seqregation berweon rhe protestant and
loss of lives
Which otthose is the frost serious consequence for the
, , lapluh y9!I9!q.91. I13l
wto,o'U"oHErllol
A'3rd imari ror ea.h dera

e1l ManyJoreiqn nvesroE whocdurd ha v conrib uled lo ils

AMr'l 5 ma*s ror an erp a ned aid addlona frarks {or any suppDniia
es The rension belween rhe Protesbnls aid the carho ics had brouqhr
aboul economic .erercuss ons su.h as oss or Nesrmenls M
y rorebn

9 1" 1p'o,eo I L

13, prus exprairc othsractor{3t

d4a,01d,,o. do.dn do .F.o

D"oo"i\on}'|"e10'a'-q'o\'
up in an atmosphere of renson a
Carhoi.s have aso been segreqared socia y in lire way rhev ive wori. and
r
pay s s.m4m6 pcs bre for younn pe.pre n Nod;,ni,eaid b
srow
b,^do, t. .rc

Roarres a ba.r, ed ,oncruson

112-
131
 Theme: contlicl and Harmohyin Mutti-Ethnic societties
Ch 4: Bondins Stnqapo.e

l| To what extenl can selt-hetp groups toster closer interacrion and

undersranding among difiernt elhnic qroups in Singapore? Exptain
tr 1121

F I I WrilFs about
:;
iwithout rocus 'a!Ei
and
'ehgious
on whar quesnon
hah;ny amonq Singaporeans
;:;'J:;:;i::i';:.1: " .,
asks.
1-2

I 2
;:;
'6qddlF.!oi d,6 cgidqco'i6qo - o "., D o\ de5 ooDo;unrr
rlFp.op- 6 re."!, drc r o" ,rdnd fte, ; he,en, . .
.
", """ """","
e nr
D.sc bes the 9.vn "faclor. OR ,dentifierdscribe, orh.rfacio,rs)
I
I
a^dd )na. .b. on- td, ta o1
de.'D".
,Fq -\.p Io.p a.- d!-, ,e,.on o in t. e,n. .o cr
sF
rd d q lhnr -.-, ir-, .
"rolqi.-or'"Fenr
T 'i orpo " s_ d. rr- , DA,
ou I c \)D!
De."opn-
D6,.ioo, ba
A.. t"1e
.o? ahor
VF\DA rd d tle EL d\i"r. ,oi a o. T.-rF ,c -h4'p I^,o-p..s r
fl '- re_ .oL1J- ro ob'or ,". | .d", a.o.;d;! ro. th",.
",
jobs They also give mora sLpporl to members

I .oo-.nd!o.o-d^. o.a.nothF.a.,v ,oi,, oflheir own commufdv

prola .\1. d,L.o
proqGmmes ae run by these sethetp qroups and socat and
F edondla.6n .r. ororn/.. rorl Iethnr

t E:pErne rho g,ven taclor. OR other

one,n. h.r 'roro,t--
'o.tro
groups ro nreru crand o atano w Lh

t.do,(sJ
A||ard 4 hatus lat an exptained t'actot, and a.l(ti onal natus tar
Taa
s,ppa ing delail up to a haxjnun Dl 6 n.rks
nl
/ic o.ob6,d c.-ab., e.",o,no,prd
I .2'Ernroi."
bA_du . Tlp. o rcr ,d@ . - ."s" th;r

"'" .F'.'o
'
dc d od4 'o odJ |
"
"r"re "q-" b"!,e re
o ou d no rgr-1aj:tpe
,o""o" oi"r-
".

d r,9 rr. -rraa E " -rn-,-i"r

1'd-.: o
i o m-ow& 5naapde
v B/ a,L.d1,a.oyJt, a.o"ep-o&
-dr.o.a
'a dTF" IF, i.o,orp.troLto -Ftr,"r1"."d

I dneren.es and wor( loae herforthe naLon

Explains tho qiven lactorand r'.jentifEtdescnbejiher f&im

I L3 + exptains orher racrb(s).

A||ard a frarks fq L3 pt,s a secahd t'a.tot exDlajne.l wnh
n ..1 lat ..ld at o. \Lapa1: I . tan -t.o.. axe4 ta nitr:

I srpponihg infarnalion., up Ia a na\ihon of 11 n.rks

E9 Aesides butdng a strmg nationa idenlity, it is ltso inportanl to
I atFo ."rd lhF i t" a I
d. Mot.r .r
'oa., I rd.,en n qdpo,- d, o pt /
t- annpordi oli
' .:1.: "l
dd oldo
vl:j: pa,,. prrao I:t:rrr,ar. I v.-p,p.den.,.l
;; rh;-;; i"p ".ar",on

illli.l!'ir-" * padoF d, r",Fl

::111'l:-'i:. e,h' .src p. oh..edoqr
u-G .d, d. oorhF ".r.,..o.dndoiro,.o.."*L...a..",r-
ou,d "o qq bonds Moi:9:! (nooq d o prd, ro
" Di.-, ,.," "
::.1 !: ,"n.9'^9
or1r0r4 -. ,o ad " nore oooonL.,;. b.
CA dno tFa .o /o4
.r d".,3 .
^,h
onF a. o.aF, ..ro,9. qd ,a

, o, n o .paf cnong oi..rent p n o.o,p

;:::_"" L:
nd4qv i4e. t-d e,.notF r.-,RLL.ord.i.e,,.,tstoptd -.o.
a"po,e"n. o 'h" dr.l;.-nt,er,a.oL, prd.,,,-
F or'cre.f, ai o, q rha
a6 oa6.4opdru -..no6,ra ;"s. orfierenr F F<
-""".,;;;
15, prus exptains the retarive ih;;r=a..e
or dirrerent f&

.cr- rhF 4 o. ifoola.r .5-He'ps.oupc qr

::::-_:,-"-i:," , +",, ;- n. q.o;,l
;:ilT.":i"i"lr . :e :: ;.::;":i" Hl -"'; I j:;" ;" ::T::
,Fr-r , or", o, r' ," ., 6, o l,;:.i." ., ,
" "
:i-"_-", 1d',1!-" 4h. " ",,orr.nry
""",'.or.
rnF, """
.ol u.,,ron
o, -pr,, o ore., e
"-
o,o"n Fd Wi',o no,.o., ,no
uour r dd b. d,f I ,o oc. .e.upool.a-,,",p
o ndrbF, o.6.
roa ogerhq. oa..rt .a.Ton, .hoLd no, stdn
:-.0 :ld ^,. elnde arorp, bp(au!. orF. 1.rL,o_ __ n d
rrpoirdr ' par n th- .c ou.4rf1,! q,o ip ro
f06atnd mE dtli q r. "4!=. t, roroor_"n, - d,, I orr, q.o.p
trF malonry bero e.nV !nde6.ndnq reposrbte
E
; 3(b) Here a.eth.eeways singaporeans can bond:
. Ethnic intesration policy

al !
.
Bilingualpolicy
NationalSepice

ff which of these is most efieclive in bringihg

cohesion amonq Singaporeans of difierent races?
t13ml

rr Wrjles about greater social cohesion wilhout focus on the

t Award 1 natu Iot genetal rcspansa ta queslon ahd 2 natks fat

idehfiyQg alhet rcleftnl faclots.

Eq ls a need for
Il There Slngaporeans

I Describinq qiven lactor

Awat.l 3 natks for .lescibing lactu an.J 4 n ks lat supp.ning

Eg. The policy of biingualsm n schools ls most efieclive in bringirc

rn abou( grealq soca cohesion among slldenls irom different ethnic or
mcizl arolps TheV communicate n Enqish and lherefore, can

rl underctand aod wo coser logeiher

tl Awatu 5 natks lat ane valid erplahatbh 6 natks for t

L2 + gmost essons are laughl n Enoish lhis means Ihere are
a up lo a

u more opporruniiies for srudnts lo inleract Lsinq lhe same lenguaqe

E9!_s!3!]pl9 durns ressons or ccAs {cocurcular activities),
sludents @ud work i. groups lo acconp ish a q ven lask or neel

t spclic larget They are 4bq glven a fanchance 1o prove theirablity

based on equalopponun es n this regard, a student leader may be
from th friiorty dce bul h may be qven the respofsblly lo ook
atler or lead a u.iiormed goup @mprisin! mostLy of olher ethnic
grolps Funhemore,lhere ls no lear lhar ethnic gmups will lose lhet
unique idenfity because during the MolherTongue lessons,lhere are
ampre opportui lies lo be e&osed to culluraror rradlionalval!es,I9!
examole, dance movements mud ncorporat va ous ethnic slyles
renecwe of the ich cultura tEd lion of a paniculerelhnlc group.

Awatd t hatks fat explainng ane athet lactat with delails at 11

etadples up ta 6 haxinun ol 11 harks
L3 + Besides the b ifgua polcy. the elhnc lnlqraton policy s
introduced by rhe NDB (Housng and Developnenl Board) to loster
closr inleracton amonq residenls Th l-lDB ensures lhis by
ensunng an even dishbution ot Ihe differcnt races n a llhe housng
eslales This s because ivinq lo,relher in the sam fel,lhbou ood
provds opporrunlies for pople from differeft elhnic groups lo
L2 Describes the given lactor OR idehtittes/describes other [3J]
Alv:rd 3 marks f., des.rbhq lrre q ven factor OR
denl fyinqid!scfb no olheria.l.(s). Alvard 4 m.rks lor b.rh

.g L\t-.t.at thte.l ltkD trcrsnaianal teran.n c.h tea.l la

.lish.monl .. d c.nlh.l anang Shgapate.ns

Exp a ns the qiven racro. oR olherracro(s) 1,1.61

Award 4 nrarks f.r..e{panatof..nd addtona marks f.r.ny
supponnC a.la b a nrainrud ol6 marks

a9 Ltle )at .lhrcals c.naintt pase.l as on of the most

.ha enging tssLe ih Sntqar)arc Shqap.te needs t. hanttte
exlenal lhteats catelLty as can divi.Ja the pcaplc ltr nDlti
elhni. sa.reles hke Sjngaparc, tace an.J rchgon nay be use.i ta
' a...-tt. a.p 1 .
thteaten ncial and rcligtaus hann.ny in Sinlj.pue Fat ex.rnple
Nhen Singapate expcncnce.t lhe lhreat af lnnsnalnnal tetuisn)
in 2AA1 which n nat h.ntlle catetulll night need la tenson
hetw.cn th. MDstihs and athu etbbus qratp:: h
Snrg.pate
The nixed rca.tians sha. e.t bf thc Shg.parcanstDth..ncst.t
thc Jl teadet. .hawe.l an Leenl neetl to ersure that so.E/
.:.hesran vas nat anected

....t -9...
Sngapore is very irnpaila.l in ensuing social .ohest.n .nd
hann.n! ih a nuln-ehnic sacrely Ihe lack at undestanding
lodp'
adang ractal graLps Fat e\anplc, in 1961 Sh1g.p.rc
cxpciencett lhe race riats whi.h led ta seiaus injunes and
dealhs fhe.aDse.l lhts at was the tl feeihgs th.t wete cte.ted
b! lhe uMllo nt lhcn 1lehtpl to aftack th. PAP dunng rhcir.nti
PAP canp.iQ, they arcDse.J feetnrgs af .tssatista.trcn ananq
lhe Malays that the PAP di.J n.1trcal Utet, lait! an.t tesu|e.J nr
tn.rons bel||een thc M.tays an.l Chhese The Lessan I clcar
lhat ncial i$De can lea.l l. sctia]s cansettoence ta the.a@tty it
pet.eptlans ate .al ilha1ed wall

Religiaus issre c.n .lsa lhteaten thc hamany and F.ac. af .

nu!, cthric sactely n not tnanage ||eL Lesans leant t@n the
Matia Hcnaah tials in the 195As telt ts |)al .Jilletenl teligi.rs
betiets and pra.ti..s ate alsa issues th.t can b usc.l t. .t..t.
tensian an.4 lhe peaple af singapote. l he M6iints werc arytf
vqlh lhe Bitsh fat be)ng tnsensitive an.l .listcsp.cttl ta rh.n
t.liatian phct.es an.lbeliefs fhey atsatelt that the Bnrsh thd nat
loak inta lh.n wetl.te Ihe n..lia t.a wete nesp.n.rbte n) lhen
t,.p..l ctealjne rcsentncnts ah.l halre.l anang the l\luslms Thrs
rcsulcd iniatence ||hich left bchin.l desltr.tbn an.J lass autves

Explainsthe givenfactorAND identitiesothertacro(s) lll

 "60r6 d"d
'.il'-. ..-, o. o ' ri
^^' o 3
glven AND olherfaclo(s)
'o
e& a;ations ol lhe
rd + constucts an xplanation which considers the inte' [11

ii"ir.i"Jili-iit,j"" i *.se oteasons or comparaiive 121

p.", tA L4D'\lPa ata'dt^tlor "_q"ni pnos h"rJa qt

, ,; t;, :;,;L: ...n.. a .- t ,
. :\
o t-t. lrtb to
r'\'he^P Gno -nPo *t tb
-".,i"i.,".-.",.*,px,
;"i h lhe sacielt
:;:;;dtshaman! .."'-^.4 a
crcale

How far do vou aqr.o thar lostering a natonalidenlitv

ic lhe
.i'".'i.JirJ"ri," i" *ii ;-'q.
erhnlc drve*rrv ia sinoapo'e1 lr rl

L1 Answ.6 on thetopic, but notaddrssing the qlestion t1-2],

e.' t. a httt.-hn: a.d) tle 1n'cpo ' :d'lrtt

r 'r'40aFd^ lo
r't "3Lt'
.,'.'". ha nq o '.to aI
",i-"r" '".,a

L2 Desc be" national idenlilv ANDTOR anolher laclorrsl 4l

r -,'r' r.' o " 'i ro -" 11a1s or dloll'"r a(o
^--'"
desc bed Award additonalmaris fo. dela Ls g ven

.. fn.te aP'nan '""h.t he ga\qr4 n toooe r

. -; . a;"
' "o '
;";.,,,,
"i^."i, :.."" ,-a"po
t' u r'enq tne n"rcnat "htl"F t" nno thP
" 'r;
,iiii" )ii-i"nii'pang i ti" rtasraisins cetenonv ih srh'ois
lostennq a nalion.l LdeniLly a good wav ro 5 7l
diversity OR olh.r methods lo ranage e!hnrc

have va d contexlual supporl. Award 5 ma s

and addillona marks torany slppodng delai

-.o ore r.- er au qa - rba daaD o 'a1'aP dt6tnoto;

o,
D a'9 d dla'- ide'hl
.*"a:dea^ ' /.,1li tut
,i.-ii."-'".n- i-,nq'ooeo.-oo"-"oo"' o"n o'"
'"'aa. rttt
'.:,,;i,,; "
;;.;;.;.;'." ";"-..." o1i .tp^- , -F a-s s
"n"u"
na"Da """ r' '
i-i". i. *"*' " *n. ,r"
a\.t, ..d t atana. p
tn t,t
t;;., .a"p..-"" oo a'aab ,'da'
r e;ptc .l dtte@nt ba.l q aDna \ tllue and @xttan
F
F
il :an.-
.a.6^
n-Fltda
:):\:U.11:lonPd'1.^'Dld.a.aJ't-'''d'h'''
t'-cp. n ,". _".to."oi_e
"."
a-.c,..q
".m-e n
il,| mLD L
"'. "." *d
a M-dl

il ?.
rnat thq
i1aoao'ta"
aptnons arc \.htad and h..ad

I !:plain whv.rs fdsronng a nationa, ideniiry a qood *av lo

manage ethnic divdsitv oR ou,",."rnor"
io min,s.
.8.,

r gorn r ,-",or pt", A{.,0 "rr,ni(

B 1d4i ,o 6,p..i ,.q o.6 .,o. ano
oenr/n.d4 brgrhFors.,o" qracor ai. or",o"rrs
!o_q.F and addi o d na,r..o,d .Doo,ro 06;r. po.

I L5 Ia - redch6 a batdn(ed cofttusron erptici v ad.rress,ng

'how ra. do you aqree, I ._

E -. 1t'r t d agna-.tat.t
n"a -ta-" .F-deo.

I 1.":''"' D.aotc
r'2wlas ; "'"
6t 'a a'a1a ob1e o L)d,.
d af- a.o,na\na.tut

I pranatcd at eve.
- - r et".
letetarhp.i)nt^
."o"aoia ., , ror
ul 2 Bonding Singaporc

I ldl or d e-b
o,r 'r SnodoorF L,o'r ,-n 4cr
..-,o npo.",t o. -o.

I L1
B:::iiT:"Ti:i:l"i "^"* tr rerared nrdma,,m wrhour1.l,r

I ::::!a" - !:r 1t
b-"
a lL"n - t.a, a-.dLe au

I ean t -t h dhq BF .ap t p-, . o . ,,;,, ,a

.e, "p.an a.. 1.a tt - "t -.

I tDF
I \'qd.
bF r6d.
0.6
ou. o, on I 13-41

I fhrcals t'r.tn etienal larccs .ane in the

It,,py:r i;t, i ;
i. ; J Z ii
 L,td -a bna.n t lcn.{ .t a. .^F. ."Lana
art-rt at ,q
idft. la.4t..n.\,,",- 1. .".aqed.naa1" ;-..
^to US prbo- I a1d .an. qa.4.t
r.'e
vn't) -,. t.a.no.t" rni
at t dL, ot;an.1 snoa1a.-t""at.a,a".";-"to.Jr
nenbers Lnde, the tnternat seLrnlv A.r

Thrcals

!::d-dtue
tan external farces cane in rhe

'r
ttn
beapla
al t ansnatbnal
14'61

l
aD-. ond .a. nopol bn"Ta-o,h"
la ptan e l.bti ).t.1t or- .o ou. -, t, t-no..sn
"n-.o".., ta. Pt@tt t ataao cngdpDta
ro- e.D- t-n .d tho h.--' at t,- hb.d, t""ot,.q ih""n
':11:: 4 t otte t'tt.PnLd
d o sare':'"
aa.- t --ft bu.td.l r r
rroopuA bodrc ta th. aao t a.J n cno4., L.de, p. tnt.t.at
'b.r'h 4 4P. o

Ih. ]a at ,ntld. to.o.ho o .a1q h- . u.

Ata.p dr .t-d1
laha L\- p4op.c ,^i, q", teaa to
1a . capla 4
p-/ ,td
at o). ","ni- ^n-r
-
aopao hc ottat t-d b .. rac oo,e.".".r
.od.a b,n- so-..-t pt.ttt, aro
"o"o.- j .
'e P.\-d b\ 16
.nd -,". ,ast:h\ dn.
the D.apb. Hb..- n.aa-. a4 arn t n9

Differen@s in rctgnus beliets and pnc ces can be used

and.,n- p-a.\e, ..hq-Da.e ."n 1.,.1 1a
-1::11-'. " .o
i e..t.".,aD.p."^e.p.aiu.." t anl
r at
' a..r1 \dtdi ,q^r
-,.,
'.a1n "-."a.
th , .- !k-\ ,or tholthe
tul rtn dd L *\"" ,a.." a- .-d a) i; a.tu-, 4a",.., ten
.ad. .r r. Edapeal on;un4
" b.d. t ,P 1.qr..4
- t1 - .r- ra: -\' ,he otr".e .ptqau.
oa.o Wd -. t tc., ot. .a|a ..rp d.l pd4- t.o..-ro.o,
oout t-.1t1a, \., dpot.o aq" tari.oat-n-z
"",.
L. E,o", r ttl
lrarq
 E'p iL .ons deEhon or ro whaL rtena
- oa r -.o
F1-121
.,";::'";:,;",'::".* - -'.' F
^-o
1'

tI "Jt la'
:,'"*:1" :.i. |!-,.'' a' l1- p'!.'nrt 4' e
;: ":"i";:'.'::::::!. &:;*:
".,:;:,::, :-::,2.;,,
t'::f,:; {:#;; "i.*,,p;::f "X:;:: "lAV*iig, nl

I
l
I
.rsrWyffi
coDnties. @n ha,ve ad@;e ;nc"a
-,"epu"-q]s ceng up thdt ca,* like in
.; \;;i.r'"i,ii),j'j"!!'i[
the.ase of lhe Jl

I l

I o
o
5harede,peren.es dunfq Na onatSen..
E,mc mteq.alionpoky in pubtc holsrn.
o Eou.al/on h schools and tedrary
rnsltul;
I vvntrn or Ine above q he mosr;flecl!e
w:v r. bofd Sinoaporeans? Expta n

i"i
I13J
oesoto* oirc=rearim qnM-"pa*
srS"po."n.
-mponaii--
*ijh"u' ro-.i"s "
o" ?1,".r";l
CarnhDn space rcfets t. the lihe plae rhat peapte cane
logethet. Ihis .anh;n spdre andp.oftdes .pparlunttes t t
Singapteahs ta jnlehct
hore undersrandj.g ahang

t'l Desdbe lh ONE gi@ t&for

Explains ONE L;b;

I3-
4)
15-

!l!,,:iL: ':!:1::: "r *t,*d to seNe in the .tetence ot thc 7l

t, t's i ;, ; ; ;;' ; ;;' ;7
";i:h':,:l ! i *it ^r,!,ti; y.1, A;;;i; ;L :i:
2y.!:.1:.:,,h"y " i;;t;
ing i j i,;;;;: ;i ;;i : i:, ;:;:"i;
^::::.i:,n
s - * t, * "fu
t - u e n,t h., i
;:;, ;: f:i[f
n o
;:
";
:l?: +|::
Gce. This hetps: ta
^I?:
r
?- : !,".:
band
a
the
2!i ;,, ;,; ;;';"il
sinr"p";;";:t;;;;;;;
" "" ; ;;i:ii, ;::' \]

):,; 8 r *rrtt rtr &,ffi;i,;#i:;: ;r !:,,!E r

 '-iolhau-oao Bv,.,t q ar -.. n d . .bu .or a, . - ..tteten.
nces jn all haLsing estates. By hvnq raqsther. it provides
.Dpo.1u +.. ta thc p.aa 6 ran
hta,gh rt1".t.an ta p a ha\e bene
'de ld d.9 aI t - ath-, t- c

MosI edrcabonat institutes such as schoals and te,1tary institutians

\'lgdDd.Jn. readtdt.s\ al thp., ,a;e. ,"nqu"q"
a re'a.a1 t,o-nt .o-anqq.;.".-o e.anr tuat @|-th..
' a, o' th.oa4.rtc,-.rcndu jI.{ o",";o ,,aai
tip d.hps dtc.on"a ",tiit,es
tnauoi. ca.unlut-t
^\tilc IC.AS tag-nq and h-\e ber!-t
.ndFt rchdilo aI. \h otrq td \ptp"o La o"trt -aa^a,^ -no.Q
| ,a4 vt,th 4.t6 onnu.i.aual ,het- s 4d. r.o-.rbndnq a1d
thk lesse.s the chance of canflict anang the people

l1'-,oar.rt
'o-rs"nonFor o.'o ls-
." *nu;l#
;u
N"t af". \- \ , - o. h-\t^.-;rphac i.t"qaLar
ao|, . I o Dub\ ho-\ng 1.. .\ .-. he edu,"r,ahal
"J-.
ins lurians, the pupils get ta lean abaut the athet races trcfr yaung
They ate less Uejudrced against athets. At the ase where thei
aptntans ate still been shaped, they are hae aniable and open to
accepl atherc and when the t'rienrtships ate famed, rhey wit grow
up - p Ptud\e do- \' ah1.
 Theme ty..a9rng tnrer^arionat Rrarions
rn b uerren.e and Dipjomacy

ir 4 Maraging peaceand Security: Deterence

fl {a) Howfardobirarerairetatronscortribur.,n
erods? Erptain !our answer Singapore,s diptonacy
112)

i ':1"']*,*.*-;.*","*#;;1,:""i,1".1ffi",",v''\
a^.a ,, ni
""ii"i;ii'i i.
F L2 Des,ojb6 q,ven laddor/and identrfies
Awad 3m br descnbing the aiven tactoroih-rrdctor(s)
a.'.'iti.g oR ji
t",iili '" '"" 'oetut wxtde'titvins
3-4

fl "
"h.,

I I ilr:""*"ti+;if*t:::T:i.n:iii1"",..,_,.,.",

F :!;if#,';: il;i!:i 1::.; ::,:,:"!:{:i; i:2,;::kT: :i

",
F
t #'ffiffi?##*ffiapore.s dip,ohacy effons b a

E
I
I
I +lF!]Endet:Reo,onar Retarjons
:":'.Ti :"-"-.b or lnou
n:-'
e r.
::
s madds dDroaa-] -,od
;:;"-:
i i?-:- -"-"t^^"::.i-':
,-,c)>d-rrie -1,p!1-!
,"::,,:,:^1^,:'11"
".."'";';;;;'
d I.dd.d,omed
l" o ""rq.v, | 6.-
".
s'o'.F
"
,he Asqo donoJ
.onbnFo
'L_,e-
and *6rF.oF b. n a o.lrel
i
I ru;;:'i**+*:o+:r'
Lurlq t!Lst!!r!p!!q !!qper"t!! J-!9;er;-t!9"r
I rh" l
 schohBhps ofiered are without my bond and they alkrw students
lrom any ot lhe other ASEAN countres to stldy courses offered in
our lol un veBilies, excludlnq ned cne. ln the 1997 forest fres if
ndones: Sngapore a so asssln rhem in the monitorng ot loresl
nres th.ough the use of saterlre inages. ASEAN has enabed
Singapore to foee blier realons wlh its neqhbouring couftes
slch as Marysir atu lndonesia. ll orovides an avenue lor
Singapore lo discuss lhe I d ffrenceswilh.eighbolang counlries.

Othr Factor - lnternalional Relations

lntenlonal relalions aso conlrblte to Snqapo.es diptomacy
fiorls to a nan exlenl. Singapore's adnisson nto UN . 1965
al@ed snapolo gain rcognltion as a sovereign slare uN had
helped Slngapore by sendlng expens 1o advise a.d help in lhe
econoncand soclal deve opfrent ofthe country Singapore payed
an imporrant parl h lhe uN Law of the sea confrence The
conference was orqan zed 10 dcde on lhe tetritora ghls ol a
counlry over ils waleE sngapore was atso etected by lhe uN
Gef-.ml Ass6mbly lo setoe as a non pemane.t Secuily Counc
member lor nro yeare frofi 2001 lo 2002 The main roe ol lhe
Securty Colncil s lo manlain ntem:lionzt peae and securty.
Olring lls tem of oliice, Snoapore sered as the P.esident ol lhe
Councl n January 2001 and May 2002 The e ect on to the council
showed the @nfidence member countries have in Slngapore as
we las S ngapor s commilment lo the UN

7-14
Awatd 7m to answers which give explanatifr of hov bitateat
relations contribule to Si.qapore's diplom..v eftorts. ard
idaw .tescibe othet facto4s),
Awad 3m b lAh for .xplarafon of the given factu and othet

Note: wherc .thet factors are 6ncehed. do not award highest

na* unless na.e than l factot is deakwith

l= L4+ Discur<errhe relatrve imponance ot d*treni tactors

(b) Here are thre measures oidtorence in Singapore:

Singapore's Delence lndustry

Multi-agency Coordination on S.urity
ililiiary Cooperation with other countries
Whichone is th. most effective qoasure? Exptain your answer. [131

Wriles aboutdete ence wirhoutrocus on tho qu.stion. '1.2

Describes impacr(s) withoui explaininq.

Awatd 3 ma*s fu desctihins 1 siveD measure
AMtd 1 ma*s for .lescnbina 2 aiven heasures
 d s narks torderibins iireh
iaw T

13 l
Exptain ohe

Aw-ard
givs inpac!
6narks foran erptanation ofhow SjndaDor.,c
64
l
;!"^ti,i,ilt;Hii T.,il_""':i"? :::liiigi:"f I ;::i,',,
;J:T::,il:";!,1;1.*.n."ar ma, I ro, suppodins d;r.rl\.

t a..e;"-
d-o od{r"--.e,.p:";',:;";:,,:;1.",;il;:"..""..T""" ;,

t d6f- tr--?tdt.o e. ou.,l"o , o"" oo"n,"

"o

fl #ffiffiHEffi##tr#
re re i".
Frrp,,.. o,,r c.unrres
; ; s';;;"." "i;:-N".G a,
-4'r o;
I fi.lil:;
cmrdn. o1 "-r"""
s" -.u, n"c:, "- -r'up
T ts"T.:"'T "":'" -;";:ii#T: t;
,o

I 10" -\or,r odd "","."" o, ":t.i:

i"*iii"ij,.""::_-i:,,"::,f i.;,:.:.;:"il ""j";;
".""q

I
I
*l*l *+, +-'i**i*ii',1"ru';
#
I
ryg+mws*+s"" "
! e(p- r 6d. rb,o d6tqiFl--,.$o"oor..noaooe".\"rr
rhouoh
oGrF.J .na i.trro,a.a. ,trdl
I e':Tn" | rci' roo,o!"r'rF dno
.NDFd!- r,..,o.. sni.oo",- , r,r
a9--cr6 r. I 6" _ai11..."
^ ", 1_
 zeatand and tndia ro arow s|r]rz)I@- i-oops
io r.ain in rhe.
counties. n add [on, sngapore aso mnducls regu]lr mlitary
t.a n nq wilh feighbouino counlres such as lrlalavsia and
lndofesia. Singapore is also nvotved tn mutli-aterat mitry
ageemenls and exercises wilh other tuunldes. One example is
the Fv Power Detenc Amnsemenls (FPDA), which was
estabished ln 1971. Th membeB:rc Singapore, Maaysia, UK,
Auslraia and New zealand The iive nalioos conduct exerclsed
each year lo enhance Iheir cooperalion and coord naton I the
evenl of ai exlerm threat agansl sngapo.e or Malarsia
' r e1 ber rd 01 L' one a-or -' or rl. dpoopnz e ip...r.
ra be raken^oro deler lhe asqressor

L3 plqExplains orher siven impac(s) 9.tl

Award I marks for L3 plgtan e4lanation ota second
measure dndaddition.l mark for anysupponing details.

Award 10 marks for L3 p!9 an exptanation of th orher rwo

neasures, aod an additionalmarl for any supportins details.

Raches a b.lan.ed con(tusion baced on .xptanation ot 12-

Award 11m for a. explanatton io show why 1 factor

important rhan the other 2 factors.

Award l2hforan orpl.nation to show why l faclor is

important than the other 2 factors AftD why the other
tactors aro loss tmportant thatr the I tactor.

the dtor.nce policy alone herp or h'nder

9q.urily? Explain your answer.
lopicwithout reference to the locus

reeds bolh d plomacy and deletrenc to iu ly prolecl lsel

Lisis / Describes EITHER persDectivo

Award 3n fat lisling/desdbing elher petspective, up ta 4n t'ar

rists r oescriueiEoix pi-peiiG

Awad 5n fat iisting/des bing both petspectives
. Hep: improves Soore oaldefence
. HifdEnce: d-stabil se the surcundin! rqion
'f
 E/pliLns EITHER PersPct've
T6.B-
A6.rd bn Iate\ptanng l petspe.lile upta h Id ad(ltt.nal delatts
A6.,d 3n la e^alatdnq 1 petsppLtift while
I . n.er-cnehloc , " 'r inproves on olr
r'.r ia".*t" a,-raol rodoroe" " oLn L
I o"r"nc" r"cinoitov eto,p
,-."rit" a '^_ iit .' i. q .ar " 'e "
".
lhs inproves lh lqhtng
s po o'
".1-.,- -..n 'J"dAo"
I t- oa"n* nl*t'r -n
"1"-ntail*r-
"tt"nn
M;re imponantv,
i--*' -" *r"'oo""lhF
lhe Ifespan of sAF eqlipmenl

o
thru ocal Lnlentons the
ou rG x"po dn be
enn"n(ed IlL. od':e!-: !ii..: -49-s s qe!!l :el
I ' 'nna
"" "j"
i",'r " ru ''o o"t_ a tqtegt
'";,'-"..,,'.,tr o o"r4,t dor"n Fd n lrdl r' nolooiF
'"'

i '
'
lha-f@ds 5AF caoablrlv on lhe banklield

Deircnce hinders s pore natonalsecuily as it can d-srabilise

I ihe suirounainq reqiin tt s'pore spends more on expandng its

m,["^ eoLo -
,"" rr -
I rh trouo {o'q
p.'' g "n '.d o
'\' nrrun a d
,""-,4 .re '"-, o ' i", '.0,t on 'h-' o\' -l'"r'Uv
"doprr

il eipanson roo rnus cerenence liarms S'pore nationatsecurltv

,"r' o !o iol- an p* x t " e: h_ d
naahm
"
."-."",r." '
- .q" ! !s!l!! !!p!!r! sra. r-s!::
I , .-;! !l;. - ^"" "* r-:!:-!e
'o , {"r_ af 'l -o oo i -o.ldLes 1 "rFd r"'
'

t ll 5 T-Erbtains BoTH Perspeclives

I- ;;:,;;" ,,, " ",,,;-e ba\p6 ap\e.Dta1tFto "rtor:o"'l
11 nl

I i5
. n",;,;...-"
hs relalire impotanco of BoTH perspeclives
13m "l
I '5
mpemenled
imnr.,p
.;;';.""
^,""",e
on
'ts
run whl
onq run.
own n the ong wnL
Leves 3 berrer prole.t rt tr
,' an,d o rFaopFh ' Fnr''a!''F
'q.le(ercnL
5pore can

I ;;""""
*.-;, ". "."
-""-""r..*"
." qonr:q ren,ron e ,..p .o. o^ tl"rion'
; o or" 1r 'r,dns l. oood
He-F f idqscpo'rol aleol"d a
5Doa 8 :ts
1"r

ts .atona securly as s'por wil hlv more enefrles & over a

,o1qq p- oo ol ' I
Thme: lVanaging l.ternationat Retations
ch 1i (Regional and tntornarional conflict)

Which impact of transnationat t.rroris is

economic or socral? Explain your answer.
tl
21

Writs .bout the transbationat rerorism 1

Award 1m for l derail. to a maximuto.r 2m

e o Ionars F d , bb deLncd d Lke unlo&utute ot D!.e at

d srtn{dtF u\e aI \ DbF - a, th@.at.ondtt!.hntod goup. -qdn, ,
Dq sahs d ptao-d\i o,tsux ota pa.nt.61aqe.-,p +e5e4 dd)
le@ iis usualb Anqdqp n senso a.at dndcl, ratch ro.td oa,nthen

impactOR both impacts, bul wirhout aNwqjrrq 3-

Award 3m for describ nq ihe one mpact

Award 4fr only f both ihpacls are descrbed.

E.ononlclmpact
e.9 Trcnsnalbnal lenuisn has an e.ananic cost. When there js a
let t a' ist ar
".
\'..or anlt t outa t.. - ba @s! but bundnds 4 autd D.
desh at-d ard bu rn-\"a.. os-d da^ n rjJ,;Fs he oanadna,
GD\ennehl ar .ountie dneqed Dv t'. te4dtst o4\ has ro sp-nd
huge anaunls ol naney to rebujld the caunn, t'at etanDle. rhe
de t oted nl.a \etu" ot top.,.ae o.ohtu\ hetp b;ebuftl lhp
afpt ted t400fdnt rdush tcs r vnnq na.. th4 p noutd be ta-s or
--thi tg.tat na.) peaple espq bh nas- F\a\eo n thp trcvete.9.
anln. ahd ta,\sn trarcl dge.t J) t e|-teo .norsn65 a\ qon, tor t -1,
d\atd evetno ta a tauhLl thd h"\ sutr+d F..q,si andc^
^autd
be,-u.eatta".\atad"anacr.ra "
e aqpte 6net thp scae4be. tt
a4o.\-.thea \re.ndArl p pe.td\t ta. ctato bu.i,ess,ntne
Fohth- rorar.ng rh- .na .I t as qa.) peaote M.e ar -td at r\.r9.

Sociallmpacr
e.a. t Etd t ,q @h a/so dyror sot -n b. rcs,q
ansnal.onot
4ae p6ao nabai .at oaTdsa an.tsa 4laft;p a1 t!.ar,a re-d
ps) r

ral lust to he D{ ot nnoceh \\ e5 od aLa t psutqd ih t he . :. tth

being pemanent eared, naking Lhen physhallv diabted an.l unabte
lat-ddnandt\\.s tenlL rfir.r\ autd atsad.tuDtoar, hv-e\ ot
peapb hna,n a.ouq4 a.hpt EataoFocoad dong oa;L a4^Lte\
tt .outd -t adbate ia-Bscoa-
th-t d\da.dto. tt n eat-a.nD-srP b ai; ed q t.
l"Lf uFb*ot ta-nt. t- atita,r
he ^hnk ^outa
d.dd.e,-.tydrte.! pea.ctu.
,et-\ot ot ohsthp.6.estnn" ta. b d.et.e.. rc;.kate
s,spbbn an.l lensbn anong the vdious elhnic and rcltgjaus srcups

Erpla ns one inpact. Nor thatiptadio nlst have valid 5-

A^dd5r'o d ".otddtio d,dodoi o a,.",1 ord.). opolr q
dra
up roa mr/ mum otTm
I
I \" bP a. D,t br.ta.t ,. ta. d I.
I dstored and busiresses c/osed dawn dutinq the banbihgs fhe total
lost of life and prcpeny ||outd .ost insur.nce cfpani$ a lot of

I Govemnent of counties aflecled w the leta.ist acls has to spend

hDge anounts af naney la rebuild lhe caunty, fu exanple, lhe
destayed intasltuctDte at lo ptavi.le ebnafric help ta afeded
inpaft.nt tndusln$ to prevent then ftan closlng da||n. Ihis neans thal

I atn! d co f
al de\etopn e L h-, aun\) nauk bc cte.teo
they wauld have les funding. Ecananlc inpact th.augh Gov nnent
spendhg has alsa indeased since lhe seplenbet 1 1 dtac*st .aret
a o\r

I fat inccased secuily Many gavennents alsa sFend naney and

resaurces in holding exercrses la ensurc that the eneQen.y stuces
and lhen ctlizens are ptepated and khaw whal lo da in lhe venl al a

I Ietai! an.cks ln nany caDnties, govennents have deplayed nate

police and saldiers to quatd staleqlc areas s!.l' as alrpons, dDbass,es
and othe/ sersilive irsla//altons ]n shgapae nany enbassies aswell
,s olher sersirve lrsla//allor6 have hned ehte guatus ta walch ils
I pBntses The ninsL'y of Hane Atralrs also spends a lal at naney and
.. au,.,.. hold.. 9 A, 6..... ta pt. ltc tnot hd.nd,g-l ) 3d^ t, d
can nDe to l'n.tlan in the adv enl al a leta sl allack. fhis cau'ed
I nonet and tine la be spenl. AI these have resufte.l i, ircrcased

Funhenate lherc wauld be las af earnings fat nany people

I especiatt! those invalved ih the travet (e.s. anhne) and tautish (tavel
agend!) tetated industries as nah! tauists would avaid tavelihg to a
cauntry that has sLtfeted a tena sl alta.k because af fears of nore

I allacks. Fot exar'ple, aftet the seplenber 11 aftacks,lhe arhne

industry especialy last a lal al buiness in lhe nanlhs lollawihg the
atlacks as nany peaple wete ataid .n flying The ecananic falout

I waLl.l be warcened if olher couhttjes issued ttavel wahings lo lhei

citrzens to stay away lran nunties where te aist allacks e llkely to
a.cut fhus terorist attacks would nol lhis just led to loss of
enployment, propenis a|d closute of businesses, but also pul
I addilional econotui. sttain on the govenmen. which is dpecle.!
to help individuals ot itupo^anl in lustry adversely aftected by the
tetarist acts and put heasures in place to prepate its citkens fot
I possi hle lerorist atkck.

S.sgi4lEpes
I e 9 fta.snalional le aisn can alsa dirupt saciely by causihg
\|idesuead psvcholaaical danase and social diluptian ll cauld lead
hol jtst Lo the loss ol inhacent hves, bd aln rcs.rlted in the vrclihs
I being p emanent scated nakin1 lheh p htsi.atly d isabled and Dnable
la leatl nanal hves Allthis ||ould 6use imnense psychologial
and enationat sutreting for fanilies ar in.lividual affected, fetati.l
attacks coDld als. distupt daiu lives of people lil|ng in a cauntry as they
I fear g aing about doin g daily acti ties I cauld alsa ctaate wuries abaLt
jab secunLy fat peaple enplayed n the travel and launsn rclaled
hdDst es which would be afecte.J by the lalt in the .umbet af tauists
fhus p sa.ial ;npa.t ot q..snati.nal tp o'i<n.an hF
devaslatinlt as it could rcsull in innense Dsychological and
I hv' the tetorist acts.
Ie o.,,", ."."o,- ct,dnp,p-aeu.cta:an ono I h-
rcces in nultiiacial socieLies. ll could cteate suspiclan an.l tenson
'oau qo,p t a\q'i'r' 4at1d4d
n",":, ,,..
"o t,,"
.Ipd-j -a
Ihe harhanv anana diletent n es andrchgians Far et.nple sane
cahseq]ances ol lhe septenhet 11 Lenat attacks in the uniLed states
werc attacks in menb{s al cenain ethnic gtoups Such lenaist acls
have th. pot ntat lo cause cenain elhhicgt upstolealt qeted.t as
ther nehl be sinaletl aul ld ncteased secutil! checks at viewed
t, a' o -,. n- ariuht\ rhis m'shr.duse a teetins o,
"tr6t
ahenctio. as as unhappiness dmo^g this gtoup ot adecEd
petjpl6. tsFa.f ^etto n- n cnoas al Jbrodh t ta n:'an ot' Madl
M,Nn ne Mdl-/
cauld hDtt overclt i acial ha n.ny in sihgapue if il is hal ha ndled
sensitively. lL also alaws aLhet l-"rctist gtoDps to explail Singapate\

Explains the both impacts 3-

Aw3r.l3tr lo znswers which have an exD anatoi
an addliona ly loriurther suppodng neGils lrcm

L4+ cofrparalive answers which reconcileboth impacts

Awlrd llm tor an erc anaton of one impact compard to another
Award an addil on.lmalklor fulther compansons w lh afother mpacl

E.g tAs Ls p usl Arrolgh tans, aianat tetatisrn has nant inpacls,
lhe dosr devas/allrq is lhe so.ial npacL Alhaugh lhe ecanonic lasses
aAe.l by Ie disl s acts can be tenendaDs: these coDkl be nihinized
LhrcoAh assislance l@n the gavennenl, hlenalianal huaan ights
usanrsatians at ather syhpalhetb govennenls. fhe caunttv will be
aile ta rcbuild ilsell antl its ecDnahy aftet sne tme has passed
Ecanonic cost .an besevete as the g.vennehl has ta pav lat a.lded
seconty. BuL lat au. gavernnent, lhts ha! .oI be a ptoblen as
singapate has hDge ecanonic rcsetues
,
llawev s soctal inpact is mde dtfticoll la rcsalve as lhe lass .f
hDnan tves at pemanent tnqres wouLi cause innense psvchalagical
and enatianal sDffennu fat lanilies ot inrl|idoal allected, the casl of
which is inneasutabte ta lhe fanilies u individtals afleded Na anount
al non.taty airl tuil be abla ta canpensate lat lhe lass al lives and
psnanenl physically disabtulies aslhe petsans alleded wauld nal be
atie la leatl a namal lile Besides this, the alhet even nde cos v
sacial mpacl al lansnationai tenaisn is lhat n nay frake Singapare be
a aciatly divided nciel! An.e this happens Il tuay nal be easv ta put
lhinas as they wete )n the pasl
F
I'l connict betwea iaq and Kuwairdueto
by Kuwait- ErPlain iolr cnswer
the [13]

I
l
wrile*6dtthe connicr betaeen kaq and

II

i whcn traa invatled l<rwail Ihe Ku||1ilia'n! did

I tbe fultv hablhzed Allhaugh thete tuas satne

nilitary, kDwait lell la laq wilhin 12 hau6 af lhe

I L2 Describes the qiven f.ctot oR idenlLr6/deribes orh.r

Aw3rd 3m l0rore detail, and ;n add' .na marl forany
f a.lor(s)
r!dh' deFil
.l

I ffi ##ffi*, connict ||as the.verprc'ircti'n

an

I - ",i,. ^.,-"r h,."."

'n*.t;;", o;q
;.;r'
*
^
a.,
':,;; ;;;';i.""".
ct.pdat
o"^o a'e, o^ira

";.-'
n"
t- b
t.q.44-h
t"'t"n
opa ahd.tabt6r\
'-otodtDD"d
..chua7o4th-td'atr'ot BJ
p,aa t."ototo t -^ar""orar
hb. " "u\"
rl i,:;;; ;:;';;,".:";;.-- '"thp p\ " a' . t' b' o'F oor-
"ii"ii,i- -i a" ec Fe
h,

I -s'g*#7#j"",,,",,, -aaA/dbaht t hd rh'

t '"..^i"7 i",' t.- '".","'tn'Bubt-a
i;,1,,;;,

-a''i,"i."
":;",,,;.'
i*a"^
"ia
n
""a'*b"e'd'a'
llii.. "i-'a^ap,aqs.,
'"a;-t
" '
uara" '
,". .'-
"-t artda^ rtcdth'F
@ hca''nr)tdt'attr'pb'];a
nata^oho'a \tp
p @ Faa'lnaI

il ii.i"iJi
.",,. -abr
"a."i ,i,to a,"q "
o-
i,^.7-, i,*." t",* p. r'ot n ds"Ithea'rtc' t"as't' "'
'^"
-,

,iiii"i i.i. ." ".-,a'"1jo" a " loo0 ""o 'ol^ bu'

il ;.'.o .*."i.ft t'"a.*.'

I Eff3*#@".,
,-* u,or,,*, it wat uas the ec@mic
,.a'-q";,".' d s'o
prcbten
ta;ts
-iit"ii"
I )-'",i. "i-n a .*t. ,'"s
h-
aa^co:'
'Iun
iiiii. "i." ai'"-i, ;'a"\" \" o'u'^e,"d''-a\Fd?nt
i;,";;'1a;;;; l,'" F' " u rc' \aun\,
^r'a,-
".snaau' -"d
'qu,6d
th'

l ",.
"t
hp u ) dn; r'-". - a t:o o'us$ n.tcbt
" suDDted I Ith laod and equtpfrenl
":;.';.aDntues
thp\p
tc'du '

II ;zii*;;nn *r"*'
","-",
.' *"
ir'"i^.r""
l'- )-.""-"''u'a"^t"
,
"q \a oi\'c
*"
aunrya r
ttuqhao att tara
ta:,'d'hdt
I ra.ti at- ai, dp-a ot a
't)
d 'o
^o
a.qteduld' ''e ^-"^ail

a L
 la haq denand\aeG sePn as dehan..

L3 Erplains lhe oiven tactoroR o Er factor(s)

Award 5m foranerprEined factorand addriona m.ds forsupponing
dela I l. a m.x mum .f 7m

- t A^a ot,ed a1ta. r, h-a\- p.ao ..a.

a.tb. ru^-t t ,o^a
wrh rabDitdihg the cauntry aner ha tang wat ||ttl tan ttaq had haFcd
la pay ofr lts debls by earnhp ate Bvenue tah the sate at ts a . Bul
o! ptices wee faling due to avet pbrluctan at ail by Xtwan and UAE
haq i.sl a lal af rcvenue due ta the falt in ail pnces ln tact jt last USS/
b ianton oil saleseach tin. the pnce af ail feu by ane us dajl.r rhe
result was a wotsening of the retatonship b.fween the two
cornties as haa tel hat thc a.1'ons ot Kuwah wds equivdtcnt to
||agins dn e.ononi.i on haa a<gOaoat its inrone ccnetrcn

Dispule overtenlrorv
e.9 a ne al lhe ca us s af the haq-K uwait conflict was rhe .tspute avar
lenituy, thal is the clain aret |he Bubiyan antl Warbah lsjahds The
B"b.cn
"fa A" b.h .t"1d D"t.na-d.orui.r b4 roa tn-.
1 1,\ratldh-pttdq9o..d .\.b -- aD-1^a.otrat ^-.t.d Lne p-F an
Gutl The only p.n haq has, UhD easr, is srarow ard big shhs
cannot da.k al lhe pan Furlhemore, laciines at rhe pan werc alnast
canpletely desltayed duing lhe haq s wat th kan. This nean. that
lnq was unable ta ttanspatl s oil in tane quanti es. taa had even
atlenpted lo gain the# islahds by t'atce ih the 196as aNt 1g7os bur
t t t..,.t, - ta. 3 r da \ po b 6o. -.1.. i, \dt or Dut dad.f r i t
. " 1"' iunait sFtlral oganthaes rcquesgwotsened
the.elationship betwee, both sides as haq saw KMait's refusat
as an attack on irs natianal intetest. fhis was because without
acc6s to the Petsian 6u1a haq woutd nrd jt difiicutt to expart its
oil. This in 1wn would rcsutt in a toss of ,evenue whjch it ba.lty
needed ta rebuild the country

Economic Problems in lEo

a^-,d- a..a t h t -o ruto. A
;,..b\ Ida . @\agts, r-a
ecanony as ils bDtklings ahd intastucturc w e desttoyed and
bleresses ./osed fhe recahsltuctian .l the wat tan cauntty equred
a large ahaunt al nroney. haq atso owetl its neighbotts and arher
caurties such as lhe US and Fnnce bitian af ltSS ]n debts becausa
oD.. oro da...F1 tctd.t t.dn
'o^-, tap)aI n "d.t.-
haq lelt hat ds the honwat banehted the arhq A'db.ou^trics
these colhtries should srppad the rcconstruction of t6q, So
when Kuwait djd hot giv. in to its .lenands j.e. jts tequest of
l.asing the islands, to stop dilling oit fron the Runajta oitfietd
an.l to compensate it fot the oil it has ta*en ftun the oiltietC, the
rctationship between the tua @itttt3:!use!tlI!,
I
Hisrorica Enmitv

..n \ ,- a.lctlb.r-p .- o a,n t4, taa..-do..-1ar9

.o d.-oI t^d abppo.d
Na 1t |a. dt) -pa4alt.-oaharo ga.-.n-ounderthe.d...e
tr tp. ht\
. uwa. to^hd
lo4(qefa*a4a1artu\. rat-,pa\tca
^,.u.\p u%t\
o, p tn o 1 dedd1d' / uj c, t.Dbdtcd. D qi..n

i lat.o1d nan.l re- pq a. d-tbn p a5ate<uh,haq*asangry

and be\dne more assressre n tryns to tor.c Kunai tosue
h.n demands, Ihe rcsult wn aworseningotthcrcla onstup i^ b

I oceen rhe rwo @mks tr xwdit ntght havF seen the haqi

I L3 r exprains oth6r racto(s)

Award 3m lor L3 + a 2d tactorexptained, with one extra mark
ddd:orJ..poo rai,ro."rcn A^o.o On ro. t J p. b o,he|d br
s.

t
- tor,
o ddor'o.d .rppo tna 1.or d,ion
L5 l4 + Reahes a b;E;;;d con(rusion bas.d on a r.tative f
srqn'rrcan.e of the fadors
t3
E + hpo1" I, m
Award l3m ror any rlrrher compartsons wth oiherractors
Dr{ o me b;..

I la trno.ol 1-.c14.
Dqw-.r fdq dhd r 4d o-thcD.\F-a.,npt.r\da1 alaDe
I r- ov6,.Dtadr tta. otot b\ \tLar \nt-t t. ulr.rl f rh. 4at\ch
\ dq ., a1.n r p.aDt-F. O\ p. -D.ad....an
- ad -.rt-r1 n th-
t Idn ih o. Dt i4
t
a! at. d *.q cho UAL
.9 ot

a,f - aao a at t do ..1 .. F ..ane

.

raf t.p ct-ata thdr_tt1tup.dstd t-. ,r-a .n tua ta .t. d ta

01--\61 . flc o tat 44F I
f, ^.eo-ato..buitdr p,au.Fr pti a.a:D. f
F !l'"' F'"ct.:"1q' ' a
I l.*:.
:
-. . a "".-"
rkcb ,-dd@\df4qt
ta.d..'o. ttie.a.. d. p
t t-oao sadd-nhJ- et t t .t..t le i on a q

I Dtoblens
. F..at d "t.\i
^J
\r'o\.FDa. ahtb-.d. eria\- u6tndt
I rn n"dt"l- o,ob,-d r- i.91."at
ror.-\..tct --ha ddna! ht-dPn

t cohpated la hisloricat enntly, il was alsa nar as mponaft as the aver

a t f b- obL r d. a t - -d. d. o., o,

il .dt. t, c Da.t dc-p. - - pn o,t .a
.o:" o, **o,"
-.DuLra.;"-o t,r
- t".\a.1.
--o -. pot."i'. -,on,o
I ':" " ,." -
"
:!ry9!Lrto] trj!e:!9!sttl9!9y ta t!J!9
rcbuitd
....a r-,o1..aa.p...
p9\bllitiet.
the patl tacttjnes

j
Theme: Sustarninq E.onom'' Dvelopment
ch 2: sustainrnq Econom'c Developmentin

c G.ooJFalion lnd suslqir\'trq s ngaoo'es r' onon (

,", ;:l;"".i" 6a\F
6a\F qoro'F
-.;- -"." d ".,'*"rc"
- od"qLrd sEo'F
" i_!/ra!t!-rl
"_

r1 wrile< doou nc'ea'ilg Siagrpores (ompel'livene\' 'n d tlll

o,oDdsrnq wit!99r 'ocu
i^-,rr'-'*
":""^
'o'rd
.;"",.""" ; .',"" " -'. - "..- -"'.. " l
.:
"-.":,"-:; d. . :
:-:-i"..;"*.- "'"".":,":,:::"",':
"-;:";.
. t oa.,, s
.,, Jl#;;:"#^. :: i;" :,;'*1r:t:"^"'i::,",;:Jl.l,"*
i*oi on io"^ir^'a*'ios otn' .*,,I *,
."r

l".l'';' . ,:t,--:"- ,n" o "a " o, oo

or " "
"^.
dPn ly' q/de5. b1ooh".
oq bnqohr..onsl
'r'9d-
A^" d4 m". ro borl
o'\t9tDa' afa't v'-P
""
"- ^t"-o,ow"-,.
;;;". ."
sro"oo",'roo^.';oroq "' Iba 'J"1

rr
'- ErD'ains ona o lhegrven lacior'OR olhataciorrsr
;-:;;;",. . ;" -."'"".,.
;;* ,-: .""' "

;;';:;" -'r .n po t ' a

)- a' , *. -. t . a' ap d t ') p'11 n ho 10au:1'5
:":.:\'-: o "ar"" po\to" "o"d "bart \ho'Da'

ll-!-*-*!;
+l i e"prflf 1!" s,Ylar"qg-nd iaenrifies/dsribes orher r""-t"t l tr
I enlrneeinq and en1ineett.g t'ietds tr ad.lilion, sru.pote a
venlu.rng nto $eas like Lna sciences. whj.h jnvalves lhe stuly
'P,. .l dr..aD. af

tr :::"r ".. ""' .b..r.h...- b.o..

o.d. d1 Fpa4... ta-
\l acoo.. .Lo b.l q
; a.c 1Lt Md., ,a. .9h

t ':." ::a b- - T,- ^t.\-.drc..r, t-op.

.'t""t- d" Divercj inq thl e.onony
ensutet thdt the s;nsdpot6 c.onony , ena,ni stiote;n o"",""r

I at th.donntutn
artuncB sngqDdp
ot onc aedd
s I oDpeth;vpness 4ljlabdtisins ^ottd.

t
I AND

rdbo. ,o p{ .-a.t,.. t\ .r1apd-

r retuh' the ha.t ca nt'es p,ovtdp tand and tdbou. tot gngapo,6
l1nea 4 venturins abrcad eahr,c.s s,ns.pore \
It ! u,rr<lxvffis rs { opens !o new markets for tt tte
solti"tehen's ot L3 '
,r-
r'.,:-. o..D.d.o
|r :1": o. ..b o
t."i* .e. a\o o. ". ,".
i"' ,o. 'ol
-X""":^"' "'" ""0'"'"
L rb LA prLserptoin<rhererr."l.p.n-.".r.rre,r""r.,I

I ' ...a ca b
d..a Ied! D.-
--htu
a ao i
ra.9 0 a

r ll " , "? ^
t- L. na ,a. -.a Fp ta.dt aapad b

I {"ll-Di'"6rrvhs, lh' "cmomy r\ tn. best sotutio4 tor srngapore ro

ovp'com. pnS.\
lhe .Fat otd gtobdhsihg *ortd, Do yoiu aqree?
L1
,l

I L1
, xP,arr yoLr an<ser.

Deq ribe. Sinoapor" and F chale.gs rn a Stobatis TS wor td. It-?l

il aa -"
",- ,"n d. qF r.o . i qdoo.6 far-F_ . jne I
1.4,." "!r""q Doo dm
.oo''''or.]or
I "
a9"0o " ."doo
h,o" b. Lt.
-"
". "'door b"'. c.oo.,
"-" cron
":,;
I o . oE96 o.i.) or p,.r.6i d
Disaarees and other tadors
'dnl'fies
dL.or d.1 Iild r'..ldh.-. ro,dlooldodLo.d
^^a 'llor idenllyng
E?rk any other factors
eq /j/o Other ladrors inclule nan.ging rc ces efftcien y,
e aandlq natlc

Eyplains rhe gNn facrorsoR olherfr.lo(s)

A^d d a nd{!,or ar -,ot. dio.or 4a, d,.. 16 F orol\
c. 19td tat4.q..oroaoo )r9
an addilona dark lor each supporlne dtat lo a nlximum of 7

e.g Yes Divrsfyinq lhe conomy is cril t for staynq

competlive in a globalisjnq word. s n.rapore aims 1o be a cenlre
fo r. h oogr 14n5r -. ho. L alr 1 9 d. , rrF
' d I Fa .r a.gf -F'r I dna pha'no FU. J. si adooe hr'
sl up organzalions such s Aqency tor Scence Technotoqv and
Rsarch (A'STAR)to build sngapores research and deveopmenl
(R&D) capabilly. SngaFore aso aifis 10 be a reqionat hub tor
setoices such as educalon aid bursm Toursm has aso been
identified as one ol lhe srvrce nd!strts to bo promoled especiaty
wilh the buidinq of nlo inleQratd resods n Mzrjna Bay and

Awlrd 5 ma.ks for an xpanalon of rhe inponaf@ .r;;l

alternaiive faclor and an addltiona markJor e!ch s!pporting
and/orolherfaclors to a maxmum of 7 marks
6o ryo i. -6F, q.,adt. .c ot. abbd..s.ng
has to venlute abrca.l With tinted reiaurces ^a.o..tr1dpa.-
and labaur
resorl.es S/rgapore ,as to /ook beyand s natianal baundaty to
achieve lqlhet grcwlh This is achieved by investing in caLnties
that have .bundanl lantJ t.||er casts and he|| n ke]6. Fat
instance, Singaparc-basett canpanies Uavide expeftise and c.pit.l
la develop the Suzhau lnduslial patk ]n China antl the
lntenatianat Tech Patk in Bangatarc, tndia rhe Singtet graup has
atsa expanded into overceas na*ets, wnh cune inveslhents tn
20 catnties Soch avetseas rnveslnerts e"suEs ire Siro6rore3 l

13-l
Erp a ns that d versify ng the conomy is lmportant ANDalso show
ih importance ot lhe othrJactors
Aud,o 3 7". .o t". a^er.rt.s,\-
ecan.ny B jnpananl and an explanatian al ahathet t'actu Award
an additlan.t hak far any tulhet expjanatins/delaits af ath
la.t.ts lo a naxinunr al 1 1 n.lKs

mpodanc ol rhe d,flerent fr.tors in L4, b.sed on

,Il?:lllr
 a crilerjon su.has impact.

oio.... a6.eoprq.d.o ..-.oi" o .,e

1" 1i qorFd.e

" \ndl4.d
-:" "
. -,., I opoo." on" o", ;". ."so
d'6 " "
q urlon .n iord" o,"n..d O. -r ...or ... n.i raq
'" 'orl o ' .Vt
T 6,dto.6 o o.6r,or_ ihp,not-.q4 or d
lob- .o r.!
."dti I d ot"n

sJ<la.ning F!onom( Devetopmpnt in a Gtobat6inq wo,td

(a)-o r," , r- .' bpo.F1 .,ob.t .dro. o "io.. o ,po.-
,P.inororv// r\r 'an youran.wer lr?t ,

L-wrires qtobatiaiiwiihout roM

A||all 1 natk fat each .tetail t rn2,"
E9 Yes S ncapoEs q oba zllron s due malnly ro rnpro\eriFn s

or No, s nlapores gtoba i:ation is due lo orheri!ctors such as the

role ol tr.nsiationa compan es

th given factor, oR idertireslaesirr<

l
'Dq .. .P d. AR
tdentitut,q dp\cnbnq athet t..tat\ Awdtd 1 na;r, ht bot
!a l.doo" d o,obe' t o
t.,qFt !d o
F 5'otor. .p6i,.r ," "% o
o Fr 'hF v.na . 01r
salelil Icchnolo!y has enablad mssages ro b lransmlted irom
'!'"'q pdd m,.,'or
rb,- .. i,h .-. d.oE .,, q
capacr(ytransmit ntormat oi arhqh soeed.

keyf]nver .l ! oba izal of h Stngapore s due

 ]9e jil:"or"r:f
sla'rcnar op@re im numbrrl
lome:nrwhiah
producrio. or sefrice ractilis outside ihp
for ex:mpte [{rcrcsorl Corporation

Explains the given faclq OR orher factoR

e
A||atd 1na\., tat ea.h e\pla
na,intn ot 6 ha{s
fr'
Ea / ' tF mba.at
"0.".,".,do radF i polotF rc

.t"d"f -,n.
ti,ld . h.. b- o16
,"^." c q"p.-
-T1"9:
uo, r c!6 b
oo.
e.iz on r , r.. a-.0 "o ,n-,,,i, o o co r
on a.
o.c.
":"d aob"td,a ,d..in....
ro ,in,d,. snoapo.-
:,.1"
pos-rq- $a/c, b
T"r- btr@r " ".o | ,.
"n
onq th" i. I o u-e
fd
"ld
J6! uper Llbo ro,-
^li.h "^F

I l -:l!, o:."
:-:: .Fn oold orF . . d. .o... re o.
^:1-1'"1;:id l--,
' ad
'r o., orp
o .... rio .,. po.{o,e
a_0 mrobd bJ 1,6 hFao.,.1e s o, dco n .6 .our t^ o,o19f

\u.r F(or o,,- .rou d thF h",F b" o, " 1o.e nForsre.
^o,to
Explains he glven
Erprarns the gjven tacror
tac{, or another factor, using contet@t

Eg,,Adrences if comhunicalon iechnotogv alows TNCS io

coordnzle- an.r cortbr wondwide acltviiies
!i.iry-i",
-"_d"
r.iir"l-i"-"il_,ir,i?li?
insrrucrom irom tne neadqkn","
@ived.by lhe branch oiice or
-"tn_ "*"r,v "L
"i*tjr"."rr
li:._,yg"ll.lgt1gd ._n.m*rrni L;;";t;;;: s"b"
::::"lS:ld"l.1:.1"!:""r _r u"ii,i"r."s"
de.rs znd mahr even Ge ":"n""tio*."uu
rr,rc. o
.oud senerale a hishervotume ",1
;" i"
"iip'iiii,jiJ
iiHI
"rp.ar"ri"" "i ri."i"i."o""o

d" dFd o r , .", ...,p_- _r,.o ,,o i .; ; r; ;:;

pe"0 , .ono. o- - o ";;: -"p-.
:1-.:l_ " .. " o ooo"tion. "u r",e ",0
f,fur/"bl"Y '
''Lb ::lj':JH"..1"!.yy:;::zi:t'?:,,,.^,1-..."
r5+ Aprain< rne retative impldan.o ofd,he;nl
o.,0

raab _
-o" aro 40 qobd, anon I
d.o,ni.on5oe.: F
L TFr ' ,o.Fr "."0 o, e.. *-,.g +.-j"
", ",,g--
F
F li:l:r"::e:
il
4r L-.-10-. -,o.d.dad.

! rcrcr ro, - bF , - I ro Lcroi, Snodode

-ulr ^o-d b"
F :i:,,^':l -g_t!+r"
Th
+ ' n rca o d r%(toft,bi, rhd, -.
"J, i mrpo"
.e
naao..-r"s,h,
^,
*d. ,Nc;;
o.eou, e... .n.. ol
-"r"
".".i
.,".
;
;;; H;r,'" ; 3'j:".i "t:
d cpla r.",ero,"",i":iffi;.
;";; ;.;","
icrppns sinquoo,"..,.i...", .ur.
il u^marl"
rirro.Lr
oqo,dd"Fncm",o,b."rr
dd/.n 6. I 4 aroiog.
. ",.",

r 4lb) h-- "re ,."" .d-9,F .d q,, qp .- tda \aaapo..

o,oorrrarold

t t
.
.
econom c drveNifl on
lrammtionat @mpan4 md smat!medrum
regrcnatisation
enlerpr ses

il Wh,lr ol lhse wU best nr..aa

I
t13ml
L1 Writes abour dv.rstyiro

I Awdd 1 nat| tat generct slatenent and 2

natks t'at ilenti/ing othet

t,,
lililiilffi n*f,'#;iq+tr#,.il#ffifr *f#,
oesdibs racio(s) bur wiihot dpra.hjnsrhm
L.rl
neksrutwo u nare
i{J,:,:f:if:":;!" ""- "
t'acto,s up ra a

I g{ffi#ffiig:'j,r+
lL3 I trprcins one taci;
Exptains taclor '":4ffH
a^"tu 6 rdt. a.a"
narks ru-twa. up ra a naxihun
"r
e ;"i;;;;;;;i;;;;;;;i,i""l
I I '' gdpo,F 6-o
Dr 04 r, q r,o
 hiqtr i;hrcoav acrivil; Me che ica end-sne -Dharmaeull*ls
-;;,. i;.;0" ". "q roo.,'rou"r' o"
'"t2" 't"^
" ""stqdpoF
;;*"i;;;; o'"q ,r " 'n" a o' -00/
i.i,"*. -," 4"" '1 rrrrmn o I
li.l "
'i "i "
*"r,,":: ^t' '
r"
o. r'"
roJerq
J
dF
s,*;";"" cD;',". Do'-;P'odu rra'a
i" ^-ii.-". i"r ".'"*, s, o r'oodJ o d b i rna'e1'
;:";;-,: ;^";"" '.;" - ndn alru ne F o' ar\o
Ii",i" .r';' ".", . " 'hd; h" v" I:lj-,1'.:^d
'hF
illi.:.
",;:il,'""*:lr-;: --,i"";-:ii;-- ''i"J" ' rl
l l plu: olhe' fa"l"r. lhN ill hlp susrain s'ngcpores
e(onomv '_
inz dlobalizinq world
')l^ii,iii.''.. hoFtat dt't 0,dt'ra
".*,'",a,
anolhet, uP tD a naYinun
^
al 1 nalks
1

'"--...i;i; I -,o o', 1-"qlooc,/no r

,;-". . o-us"
in.nno.,o'no "M' sadr
,j.iil,i i"r" r' '\ ". \v.( " e ,4 pon" , p o der
:: ;; ^".;-.";.:*,
:" 6'
, -, p ' 6o Ni n '
'mo;,
;rnlG,tuna;.o t!:.'e,o " sMl a'c d5.n''o \FFoorv
.:;;;;; i;";;;" " ":"srcncp,'o rd u%du.noa d.-F"" b
ii.li.."ir.ni p"". '".;" adrd r'"roa' or'I hF
v6diL ' Fa4orrd tc i
'
-;.-;;;-;'Ma o d,o or sn"r
; b o ho^ oe'' o u svr"
* dd q-o",o :'da' orF
rod'J h'\e
i;.:;";;.' "-. ." ,oo. o " o " oo
' lrc 'on "orcnc /rho' sLr h
: ,;-";; o;o h . dom
";;;
;-;. ';."-'"" rhrrr^./F coL ddrrr'd o^t
-; i.";i'"; "ar"r.a -n. o-" "-.u F. ia iad
fi;;;;;;;"; e o r, . rczreerots 'rooo aronor i
,;,;;";;.".
-"--:" ;;;" eo.;,r.5' ro.dt,oea.'.r-n o o^rr 'o
;' "i.-p.^-r I sr'e"po " oooLrron
-,i,".": ., /oo..r", 0"6^'
ii'ir,.'.r"." "'i
r"'"*t l'i ns;co mv snsapore has 1o venlure
dd $ek rew marketi
labrcad 1.,-
Ls TR"."he balanced conclusio! 13
sranili@nce of the factors
ra
ii-a tt .'"ea^..s,"t-:.-Fpanah
^'x @ to a na rdun ol i n'tts "ato^
La

iznst anothet 1

:;,
',^*;. - ;." r hnr d.\q \.'l
'" b fi;;' - -,b's,.
r - t,o '"o"po- to '' t"' '
. i,,-.i.. , ^
+o-,..q *,6 -h-'adrnarsro"o "h" d
l.l ""i,.i*" '.:0""
'
-rt"-p'
ri" ir:i"'" iap.. +." -'"tt"-a " '"'
"1.-,.,'--n;. i ,-e];e 'Aq:'; ' " L q"d o/ rlF oo\F' 'F o'
;;;.;;
i^".i.. " -*"r" r",-i o."o-- c'o orr' ordoor" o li
;.";";;-,;i 'p"!r o' oad or " Lo

"'0"'E?
r .on'"no-n"n6eo oroq/t o rhF d/ond
i.. "" ". -o ".. *'
"-"" 'iirie
olgh 'o'r r\eea-rt oro'c'
'* '
ii"."i';
".-". -"; ,o",'a itre Gqapo'"
"-""0- ",'sowo or d D' broD F-l
:i,;-', .o -.' '"-"eei. s'
I . sruor.:- ip"" q e,o t ror!q!:.,dr Fe,a o e
I
^ii,i
 llh ESs {Empt,ryabi y sUs sysremsl scneme, wrrle rne

-t6'6io 6
c'o'.',",
d boo
|lraapore lo suslmls .)fuomv in a gLoba izinq;ord.

p How td'do you ag-ee thdi envtronhenl deg,ddanon is lh. do<l \orious
F adverse ftcr or gtobar'sarion? Exprain yoir answer.
t13l

I L1 Answers on ihe topic, but nor addressins lhe question

-o loDJ do, o-14d.,-6oro.. br*t \p-o!e.h-,.oe"s"no
b.dif- od].
11-2)

!!
o

oescribes environment degradarion aND/oR another facror .!

Awtrd 3 marks tor one factor and 4 marks lor enorher facror descrbed t3
Award addrtiona ma*s for delaits Siven.

"a V",,aIo-',ro --.rL.s h"\e dio... .d qooorrtroi d oe .

d-. E ro rrre r. .a m,,.o, rmr oc .,"oo.Ft.d.q.i rl
E The rainlor-.srs n nany countries are cd dowf lo make way for
!" --f " ." I d r -..
"e-!1,.." aou.. q "no
"- doaa":J "
ro a*F q"\ to.- onon.
'dod "a
-1 ad d "."e.d,h.ara,!, "
1,.
I J Erprd'n rhe oDen f:cror oR othcr faclo(s, lhdr oring abour adve,<e
F r,p"," o ., r. ,!.-.dd onle,.d
d-pd olo d d odd,.ona, a.,l. roi r )
.uppor
.rppo1.a o-
I

d, ,o d r /imlm
F
t eo. Vd . "r ro.i- rdir 1d.- d9.60 .d coo"t."[o,
w 6i r\i .-i uo oa . 1 0r t-.q tp"r,
d.- ", oeL,"
p.o e..Fo dqa,

II .dr
bei
6 I 6 dF,etopno
d. 4 I
6.
',
h r ' no6 ot o.a r.rd q o d oF,o ,.. .r .
o!-- F. a.6 rdg6. ro qr1 iaF F o.or I o(nel
v'^ 'r'Fl le ;rL "
- de/doprAnt. o
vm-n6 I p.o.e.liol
t."l:oTq.r,d" lo.l6io.n'-.. Ea. ron , el. oFo."o" o" po.-.
rof-,-..o.:Tno d b.a!

I
^"t",
ait ,u1" a. d," L.or e nE po^.o.b4.o..oir e

F ", Gob"," o rdsr.orot.r

o.1l es Ira
e..ad thp .. or .gop o.
,-.ur-or !pdo".".op.,",1 ^-Fn
rtd i, n
"ndroo,
rore-a, ird d.o i .Fd..o rhd o,6od or oo.-i. , ;." d."
T - : ::/:r ",r " I dn.ro iu.9 4 .,.-.,.do
dt n oa" o . -. -
o ." ""
o,.- " o t.,;
ti.
 I

$iilT'#tilfffiriil';:

*p$*fiem**mm
abolt
l.ctor AND other tacto(s) th'l brinq
adverse t3
qiven

L3 exampes Award 3 m:rrs lo e plarnrnq on ede and

qiF Aw:rd I mrrrs ror e'plainmq rnomer
denlrf enq,dscnbrnq lh olher delar up lo a ma mum or
ractor and addrlonal marls ror any
suppoftLng

do
conclusion explici$y addre3sing "how far I1
L5 L4+ roaches a balanced

l:,+"ffi i:s*+: *lir'::r' "

lorce
coQoraiions iTNCsrthe ma'n dnvmq
To whal ertnt are t.ansnational l12ml
yoLr answer
oi g obalisauon? Erplain
I M"rr. I

'":1":,n':';"':";''ii:. "":'i,li":';irhou,,,nkins,o
natt\
rh
f:,
Xi""')),", r, *,n or^,* r.a\mun at 2

Lheoo!- o ^'r r'"" 'd'a d

:',;1"" i; ;i Paooe
"^""i0".." * "a
"- "
;:.,:""1:1
t_
1'r
 eC TNCS are worldwide operalons coordnald and conlrold by
lheheanqlane^ whch s usua y ocated in a developed couflry
TheyopeEle na numberotcoLilriesa.d haveprodu.to...
setu ce fa. nes outs do lhe colnlry of lhen orq.

Explain the Given Facior OR Othr Factors

Awatd 1d Lt exptai^ing hav I^lCs ptadale glabalisalian, an.t an 56
.dditanal natu fat anv sDpp.nins derailta a nainDn af 6 n

TNCSsel uplheroperanons n d lferenl locallofs aroLnd lh

word lo source lor nw markels:nd lo lower lhe cosl of

TNCS a so source for componenblrom around lh world beiore

assemlr ng lhelina producl . anohercounlry
The r headquarlers cood nate and conlro al llrese a.lvlres lo

I ensure lhal nai!laclure of Ihe fnalproducts meels lhe

producrion oo.ls and lhe demands ot the r darkels.
Manyeconomis are invo ved ii the O.oduclion acl vites and
I markel ns slrateq es of lhse TNCS

'!!!3!!
I Manycononresarebrouohlinlocanlaclwithoneanolherand
espca ywllr the countries of odg n ol lhe TNCS. As a result,
TNCS have made econohies around the wdrld more

I interconnecred and inregrated.

Explain the Olher Factors

I A\|.td 4 h lat erplaininq an allenEtive fa.lat, and an addtional
natu for any sLppatling delat ta a fraxinun ol 6 n.

I lmorovefrenl nTransoodalon
- ln the2ori centurV. malor morovereit

I inc uded lhe !se oi comnerc allet a rcr!il, rarge ocean !.inq

I - -t-FrF .d Fd
'obIro.lood.cdtnootF"
o., "
elfi cienl.nd nlegraled lmnsporlaton inlkstructure such as
I irvays 1o hcllate ths movemenl
Su.h mprovemenlinlransporiatonleclrnoloqyhas'shrunk'lhe
I co.siderably i lems of lime taken lo gt irom on p ac to

I ;,r@@s lransponall.n ncreases lhe dovehent ol peope

 afd loods t n one cohlryloanorh4 [ n]em lht
.an hi\elrr und I F sund eas
way theworld be.oms more
-r-"."".i"a
ioRl
lmpro!cmFn naommuntrions
- sJre ire erhnorlqy hJs mrde I poss ble fo. ! messale t.
transmrned rrom one oelion to

h.re !c.r' drre .Jryrnq cFa.rt!

"nd
Inforoaroi at very fulh sFeds
advancd c.mmunical or te.lrnotoQysuch es

nlehet has enabted consumerc lo llaiher inlorm.l on abo!1

'|Ep4q
^d,"1" or n
bF h.. t b. osol
communcaron ahong peope n difiernt o.ations
flster and
tr lhn dy. rh *o,to bpcoT., mu,e

La BatahcedAn*.
AwatdTntuexptainina GNcn Fact t AND identjfyjng 1 Other
tjtven F.clotAND exptaining l ather
Awad an addttanalnad t.t aF) s )ppannadeLajls b a

Itt Ls h.rs,** *r"r* r-*n*

"rr*,"-
Mu! 4.4h d la) ro he c,pt.rlcd tdLtars
11

(b) Do youaoree th?llhewidennA iiconre aap betlveen lhe

r nore <erou. cfi!r or q obat s:lron rhan enr rofme.ta

h3t

r r :r" J-
De.. ribe. qtobaticdioh
p of v" Des oto,:
w ith 12

6, Go o ., o

I rner..rv 1'e ndtflercn

inlerconnecled or if te.
p.rls or(he trorld be..ma
rFd
L2 De\cribes the wdenirg incom gap beMeen lho rich drd lrE I 4

!l'J.?f.:t"-ii:"::,r"1111-d'9r19a''d
slobdli.arion :aG
r . valid po'1F but nor eaboraEdt.bv
t^.o ad.'ad.
'- a1D.tt?a.
g Globaisation has rapdty ncreased the incone oaD behveen
lhe rch and lhe poor nahons t has resltted in rap d devetopme.t
rn hany counlries Nowever, I has etso increased the spread ot
poveny n many o(her countres

e q Goba salon can be a destruclve for to lhe nalural

nvironnenl The ranforesG in hafy counides arc cul down ro
nake w:y for deveopmeil Land is neded for rhe irduslries.
agricullre housin! and transportation Al the same rime. some
go.Ern1c, aadotr10r-a.tob6 Ido na.o,apd .- o
to.ds1 tr1n9 dno
.alil ran.h no wh Lh canaanerate rcvenue tor ihe m"n ru
L3 Explains howwideninq income qap behteon the rich;ndthe
poorcaa be s.rious oR how envnonmenral dogradrrior ldn

Awatd 5 natks la. exptanalnn af ane senous effect ot one factd,

and an addilbnal na* fat funhet e4tanatians, ta a naxjnoh of l
.o.Glob r'o d rr.!.60 6tr or6cdoDdween
'dpd.r
ldtio . hd> r6,L Fd r bpn ;e\-,op, " I
Hox".e . d. |Fd.Fd ,. e .or-do o.
oo,-l! n d v olhF oL r'6. "t.o he oe.e,ooeo r dtiu,,, o
n, o r- q,of a.
1dn.G rrro..l',re O - o.e d1o. o oe.atoprq
a o orea o - r.oe bd 6, npo,.d o) rT &.edp-;
dodbt- ot o.o.urr-q q.d,r qooa. wl
on 'o d'!iohe' o . d d ., h te'o6 oiotr \ The srLuanon ol a
wro.nrng income gap poses a qe,,ous Drobrem lo rhe
countrie. ihar embraLe gtobahsalon ar ,t mav adversety
atferl social cohesron. tf not property managed, i( may rFaC
to many olh6r socrdt probtens cuch as an ift rease rn Lrime

eg Gbbaisaiion n be a destruclive force to the naturat

../ior1F l 6 dloi6 rd ) ou re d.a,!,oou.,o
1jr4 ro, or dp\Aloo1. ]^h.. -\c. Fr ,p prd4.. a o - drr
odl\ o lh4 {o lo ron/ or '1Fn L\6 nor..a
lifrber, ol and metals al a 6pid rate A1 Ihe same lme,
deveopin! countrles are eager lo qain lhe e@fomic beietits thal
come wllr grob:lzalion. very often, the natur:t envronmnt
suliers because lhese dveopino @!nlres are moe concrned
!!th ecoiomrc devglE enl rhan etuimmnlt prcrectoi. ]
 Environmental degradation poses a serious problem lo the
countries concerned as well as to the rest ot th world,
bringing about ptoblefrs like global warming which has far
reachinq consequences. Future senerations will suffer as a
result ofthe irresponsible actions of ihe prese.t qenration

Awa,.l 3 natks lat ane etplanatian each

a.ldton.l natks fat tuhhet etplahaLhns,

11
interelatedjjnterdependent/how on factor.annot be altected

A||an:l 1 1 naks far ane explahalian to sha{ how lhe twa factots
arc dependehl an e..h athet an.l thercfore balh have equal
ihpacl an thc wand. Awat.l a.l.Jtiahal natks fu lulhet
explanatnns la a natinun of 13 natus.

'Explanation ol nterdepndn.e oR comparson ol lhe 2 gl!n

tacrors burwirhour L4 award L3/5 7ff

Susraininq Economic Developnenl

ls lhe economc laclor lhe mosl

qloba izal on? Expla n youra.swer 112l

1
2 ldenlfies reas.ns foro obalisalion
a Erp a ns cononr c tactor ORollrer

Explains cononic iactor AND olher faclors which dr ves

L4+ shows the re alive lmp.n.nce 10

wh ch drives q oba isal on

o Tlre need lo lnd raw m.tera s for produclon ol products has forced
induslres lo exp ore new locallons
n add 1l!., the .deas ng cosi ln developd couikes s drivn! up the
to d io. - ro doo41od" o, ri"
lhe cosl so lhal lhy can m:x m se profls
Markets | lr\e deveopoenl nalbns nray reach ma*et saluEton,
ndlsries need l. tnd new markel lor lheir Droducts or face
sl.gnaron ln rher atlempl to open new ma ls ndnedly.
q oba isal or ls encouraad
Dvopneil'n lransPoddton
o mprovemenl n lranspod:lon has reCu.ed the lme laken lo qei ifom
on p ac lo anorher
o For eraople the invnton ol commercl.l jel cader bree ..eai
Oono vesses a.d containersalon has efable greater mob ly of
goods ard pope. Thls has rcducd lhe lima and cosl oi nrvno
qoods over ong dstancs. r hasalso helped to smpllythe rrznsfarol
goods irom one mode ol lransporlalion 1o lnolher as it s vryeasyt.
lransfcr.onra ie6 i.om sh ps ro trucks
nlegrated transpon network lras enabld lreale.
eiliciency a.d efiectiveness n lhe tlansponat on of goods
. Hence e.colrages grealer q obat sa on

Deveopnent ii comm!n calions

. hnpr.vnreil n lechnoogy has nade comnu.lons anong pople
n dtfrent ocalons lasGr and more convenint.
Peop e caf communicare va too s suclr as lereprrone. clron c ma I
f!x and vdeo conlerencing. Wilh lhe inlroduclion of optica libre
syslenr, il s poss b e lo lransn l larce val!me of rnlormaloi al: !ery

Adva.cemefl n leecommunicaton technooly has enabtd

consumers orealer access r. inform.lion abour new pro!!.ts and
p acs nror conven eilly and eff c enlly
t has hlD ease TNCS control and coordifation of lher wordwde

Sustaining Economic Development

To wlral erlei( is Sngapors goba eco..mic skalegy deveropnrenr

lependentonrcqonaisalion? Explainyolranswer

L1 Erplainsglobalecononicstrategytegionalisationwilhoutlinking

L2 Agres and describestho qiven factorOR disaqrees and identifies

L3 Expains siven reason 15,61

To adapr ro a cha.Oin! patlrn ofrhe gtoba econonry Sngaporetooks
oveBeas forqrowlh oDoortuniresas il is rm ted n ra.d a.d @solrces
Arter years of experencng hioh growlh achteved by slronc dircct
foreln nveslmenl n its mlch liberalzd conoffy that provdes quaity
lchnoogica lnan.ra/ lnd busifess sruces; the clly slale also iivests
abroad espc aly in nearby counlres lhat have abunda.t and, owr abou
costs aid new markets lo decrease llre vulneEb iiy ot gove.nmenl revenues
v s a vs lhe.yces ol s ngapores econony
Tha Snqlpore qovernmnt and Snqapore based compnes arc
en.ouraged lo provida experlise and capta lo develop ndLsi.ia parks ln hosl
.ounlres ln .elurn, the hosl .ounlres provde and and labour for Sing.pore
.otrriranes Su.h rOonalzed cooperalon not only benelits the counts
Lula s. Fromoles dev.opmenl .lhe reg on and alows Sngapore to
'nv.lred
bc.nre one ol lre hlbs of lhe lloblleconomy.
An e:amae olsuch a venlure w.s the seilnq !p ol bus nesses nrh
Suzhou lnduslralPalk in 1994
Anolher exanrpl is lhe lnlenatioialTech Park n Bangaore ndl!. a
jo.l ventu belween Siigapore and lndan ente@rises Tho Park houses
ofice reta resdenlialand recrealiona f.c ites. Wth iis strategc lo.allon
thal is hghy a.cessbe fton olhr pans of lnda, a sk red labolr lorce ol lT
professionals and a supporrve slate qovernment llral oversees {oregn
nveslffent and slpporls busnesses, singapore and nda c.n enjoy
dereopmenlal weallh in lodays lnfllercd capil.islic word economy ihal
favours outrvard orienlat on
Singaplre 6mpanes su.h as SingTe has also adassed .veslmnls
n over 20 counrrles some ollhese @unlries .clude Austi. lndonesa and
l.die such overceas investments lv ll enslre lhe company's ong lemgrowlh
-' d
The spread of lnveslmcnl across lhe wo is Io ensure llral
Sinlapores economc growlh ls mainlained ven I lhe ma*els and
nveslment opporlunlies n one regon are weakened Funhermorc
e9onai:alion also elows us to ovrcome ourconslrants as a sda lcry sbk
and provdes us with new rsources and narkels lhal woud help to slslan
economic growlh over ihe pastdecades.

L4 Erplains other rasons Flol

Wlh our sfral domestic markel liven lny tertory and popularon,
S.eapore sees a need to est:blsh lEde lies wlh counlries around the wodd
ro enabe oca companics to sellhen goods to a larger frarkel. one waylo
expand the fra*el reach s for the government lo sign Free Trade Agreeineils
(FTAS) wrh othr counrres An FTA is a egatty bind ng roreenent behrn
two or more countrs 10 brng abolt coser economc colaboralion For
exadpe singapores FTA panners ncude lhe ASEAN ounlres Ne(
Z*land Japan and others.
Henc. Sing.pore consumers woud be abl to enloy tlre benfts of
FTAS by havng more ch.ces n goods atu services. Aso, ils seNce
slandards w I ifrpove wlh foreign compelil on and companies wil enloy cosl
savnqs as lates are refroved Alllhese benlils would brng aboul qrator
prcduclivity technoogica advan@menl upOradng ofskils oa its labour force
and conlribute 1o iurllrer lrow1h ofrhe isand stare Ths slrategy, thus anols
Sinqapore ro remain compellive lnd:fiEcltve as parl of the goba economy
andens!reslhal 1 snolfulydependeflonreSionaizatonalon

S.gapoe hrs llso cooperared wlh oiher colnlris n lhe sertng upol
Spec al Economic Zones (SEZsl An SEZ isa geo!.aph cal req on n a counlry
lhai has less stinqenl econoh c aws lhan lhose in olher pans ofthe counlry
They are also intendd lo functon as zones of Epid conomic grorvlh by usinq
taxand busnss incenlives lo anraclloreign nveslme.l
An example ol rn SEZ s thai of Riau rhar s desAned to revra lze the
sands of Balam Binl.nand(armln n this cooperaton wlh lndonesia borh
counlris aim lo draw more inveslmenls and boosi econodrc aroldlr n lh
regon. ll would aso make singapore more comprlrve compared 10 oria

Al ii dl sllgc such .s SEZ ansure lhal

Sn!apore ncoeorates lself nio lhe gobaleco.omy!nd llrrive in a Dolenla y
i
I
Anorher
llobar econohc stralely
of stngapo s to diveBfy ils
- o oi \, qdp06 ao'oo, 1q .F hs .;.
"dd-d -" J" -; " 4,, *r ,a
phardaoulca/s lhe guidanca ot "irs sovehhefr "m
Singepoie arso
."a i. 1o ti" s.Fr
-Under
,-r:"d d % " a,h"".ea.,.".."q,.;na^ ooor.r ..ruo
/o.o-.,n. tdp,.ob o,p
5 a"p. " - "-,, paD. B-..o . n" ,
d.d, i ri F "odo, . -q ta rrd or
^P
d","op " d Dpo.oorFd" R&D
BF on. F1o..c Ino oaD. . n, dpo,. .o,.. I o
-,d N. ro - .o rch .d.."da-o;" r" , - " r,.,.-. *- r f
at ,"rror
" "
A slrorc univers ty seclor wil atlract more tatents torSingapore, hende
ther s a need to altr..t r.n lniversilies aroufd lhe wond to set !o ils
bra.ches here This lvourd maie Sneapore e rcgona hlb for edution
For
-.rahpl, th Slanford UniveG ly is o.e of rhe lahoLs univercIes has he.n
,a bF- d4rrbd .o.-or
1"" d ob"pord'c to,no. iocrEd,Fo. o], od
bir :: Var'd -'
Bd. , d ....o.d " ,no oo- . ng onpph-o. ,,o,
-otbo.io o. r o o 5rqopo.. do- or n..e
nrnirdr.i.o .1d' qor'o r. dhE o. .-r.".1p.- oofre,
tio. .o d no, .- ","-o
.1 -,.q,o.
" o o 6dF
'" b. dna ol,R't, \i' iob o,to a, "1o."
.^'
!: " -'i .ldor',auF ro b rF ao ,d . po .o,b
t::? ddono
L5 Answers to what e,lnr,tt1-r2l
..oFq .Enrd e

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