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Instructions: Write your answers in a long-size bondpaper. Submit your answers on or before March 23, 2017.
I. Conceptual Questions:
II. Problem-Solving:
1. Every year, oral rehydration therapy (ORT) the feeding of an electrolyte solution saves the lives of countless children worldwide who
become severely dehydrated as a result of diarrhea. One requirement of the solution used is that it be isotonic with human blood.
a) One definition of an isotonic solution given in the text is that it have the same osmotic pressure as 0.92% NaCl(aq) (mass/volume). Another
definition is that the solution has a freezing point of -0.52oC. Show that these two definitions are in reasonably close agreement given that
we are using solution concentrations rather than activities.
b) Use the freezing-point definition from part (a) to show that an ORT solution containing 3.5 g NaCl, 1.5 g KCl, 2.9 g Na 3C6H5O7 (sodium
citrate), and 20.0 g C6H12O6 (glucose) per liter meets the requirements of being isotonic. (Hint: Which of the solutes are nonelectrolytes, and
which are strong electrolytes?)
2. A AgNO3 solution containing 0.00739 g of AgNO3 per g of H2O is electrolyzed between silver electrodes. During the experiment 0.078 g of Ag
plate out at the cathode. At the end of the experiment the anode portion contains 23.14 g of H2O and 0.236 g of AgNO3. What is the transference
number of Ag+? [ANSWER: 0.47]
3. A fuel cell designed to react grain alcohol with oxygen has the following net reaction:
The maximum work one mole of alcohol can yield by this process is 1320 kJ. What is the theoretical maximum voltage this cell can achieve?
[ANSWER:1.14 V]
4. A hydrogen electrode can, in principle, be used to monitor changes in the molar concentration of weak acids in biologically active solutions.
Consider a hydrogen electrode in a solution of lactic acid (CH3CHOCOOH) as part of an overall galvanic cell at 25oC and 1 bar. Estimate the
change in the electrode potential when the solution is charged from 5.0 mmol/L to 25.0 mmol/L. [ANSWER: 20.6 mV]
5. Show that for a combination of half-cell reactions that produce a standard reduction potential for a half-cell that is not directly observable, the
standard reduction potential is
=
Where ni is the number of electrons in each half-reaction of potential . Use the following half-reactions:
5 6 () + + () + 2 3 () + 32 () = 1.60
3 () + 6 + () + 5 12 2 () + 32 () = 1.19
2() + 2 + () + 2 2 () + 22 () = 1.45
2 () + 2 2 () = 0.535
Calculate the standard reduction potential for
6 6 + 5 + + 2 + 3 12 2 + 42 + 2
6. For the oxidation-reduction reaction
What is the value of the equilibrium constant K at 25oC? [ANSWER: 4.32 x 1022]
7. In a common car battery, six identical cells each carry out the reaction:
The maximum work one mole of alcohol can yield by this process is 1320 kJ. What is the theoretical maximum voltage this cell can achieve?
[ANSWER:1.14 V]
9. A 4 molal solution of FeCl3 is electrolyzed between platinum electrodes. After the electrolysis the cathode portion, weighing 30 g, is 3.15 molal in
FeCl3 and 1.00 molal in FeCl2. What are the transport numbers of Fe3+ and Cl- ions, respectively? [ANSWER: 0.647; 0.353]
10. Given the reactions: