Structure Analysis

y I
Chapter 4

Types of Structures & Loads Chapter

 Chapter 4
Internal Loading
D l
Developedd in
i
Structural Members
 Internal loading at a specified
Point
In General
The loading for coplanar structure will
consist of a normal force N, shear force V,
and bending moment M. M
These loading actually represent the
resultants of the stress distribution acting over
the member
memberss cross-sectional
cross sectional are
Sign Convention
+ve Sign
 Procedure for analysis
Support Reaction
Free
Free-Body
Body Diagram
Equation of Equilibrium
 Example 1
Determine the internal shear and moment acting in the
cantilever
il b
beam shown
h iin fi
figure at sections
i passing
i through
h h
points C & D
F y =0 VC 5 5 5 = 0
VC = 15kN
M C = 0 M c 5(1) 5(2) 5(3) 20 = 0
M c = 50kN .m
F y =0 VD 5 5 5 5 = 0
VC = 20kN
M C = 0 M D 5(1) 5(2) 5(3) 20 = 0
M D = 50kN .m
 Example
p 2
Determine the internal shear and moment acting in section 1 in
the beam as shown in figure
18kN

R A = RB = 9kN

6kN

F y =0 V + 9 6 = 0
V = 3kN
M at section = 0 M + 6(1) 9(2) = 0
M D = 12kN .m
 Example 3
Determine the internal shear and moment acting in the
cantilever
il b
beam shown
h iin fi
figure at sections
i passing
i through
h h
points C
F y =0 VC + 9 3 = 0
V = 6k
M c = 0 M c + 3(2) 9(6) = 0
M D = 48k . fft
 Shear and Moment function
Procedure for Analysis:
1 Support
1- S reaction
i
2- Shear & Moment Function
Specify separate coordinate x and associated origins,
origins
extending into regions of the beam between concentrated forces
and/or couple
p moments or where there is a discontinuity y of
distributed loading.
Section the beam at x distance and from the free body
diagram determine V from , M at section x
 Example 4
Determine the internal shear and moment Function
 Example 5
Determine the internal shear and moment Function
 2
w
w
x = 2
30 = 151 x
30

2
x
Fy = 0 V + 30 12 15 = 0
V = 30 0.033x 2
1 x2 x
M S = 0 M 30( x) + 2 15 3 + 600 = 0

M = 600 + 30 x 0.011x 3
 Example 6
Determine the internal shear and moment Function
0 < x1 < 12
F y =0 V + 108 4 x1 = 0
V = 108 4 x1
M S = 0 M + 1588 108x1 + 4 x1 ( )= 0
x1
2

M = 1588 + 108 x1 2 x1
2
12 < x2 < 20
F y =0 V + 108 48 = 0
V = 60
M S = 0 M + 1588 108 x2 + 48( x2 6) = 0
M = 60 x2 1300
 Example 7
Determine the internal shear and moment Function
 20
w
w
x = 20
9
x
9

x
Fy = 0 V + 75 10 x 12 (20) x = 0
9
V = 75 10 x 1.11x 2
1 x x
S
M = 0 M 75 x 10 x ( x
2
) 2 ( 20 ) x 3 = 0
9
M = 75 x + 5 x 2 0.370 x 3
Shear and Moment diagram for a
Beam
F y =0 V + w( x)x (V + V ) = 0
V = w( x)x
M O = 0 Vx M w( x)x(x ) + ( M + M ) = 0
M = Vx + w( x) (x )
2

for x 0
dV
= w( x) V = w( x) dx
dx

dM
=V M = V ( x) dx
dx
Example 1
Draw shear force
and Bending
moment Diagram

S.F.D

B.M.D
Example 2
Draw shear force
and Bending
moment Diagram

S.F.D

B.M.D
 18 kN

Example 4
Draw shear force
and Bending moment
Diagram

Max. moment at x = L/2

then
2
wL L w L
M=
2 2 22
wL2
M max =
8
Example 3
Draw shear force and Bending moment Diagram
S.F.D

B.M.D
 Example
p 5
Draw shear force
and Bending
moment Diagram
Di

2 x = 14
x=7
M S
= M 14(3.5) + 14(7)
M = 49
Example 6a
Draw shear force
and Bending
moment Diagram

S.F.D

B.M.D
Example 6b
Draw shear force
and Bending
moment Diagram

S.F.D

B.M.D
Example 6c
Draw shear force
and Bending
moment Diagram

S.F.D

B.M.D
Example 6d
Draw shear force
and Bending
moment Diagram
 Group Work
D
Draw shear
h fforce and
dBBending
di momentt Di
Diagram
 Example 1
Draw shear force and Bending moment Diagram
V(kN)
 Example 2
Draw shear force and Bending moment Diagram
+
Example 2
Draw shear force
and Bending
moment Diagram
Example 3
Draw shear force
and Bending
moment Diagram
+ +

+
+
Example 4
Draw shear force
and Bending
moment Diagram
+
+

+
 Problem 1
D
Draw shear
h fforce and
dBBending
di momentt Di
Diagram
30.5 23.5

-
-

+
+
 Problem 2
D
Draw shear
h fforce and
dBBending
di momentt Di
Diagram
 2
3 x

at V = 0
5 = 125 x 2 x = 3.46m
M = 23 x( RA ) = 23 (3.46)(5)
M = 11.55
 Example 1
D
Draw shear
h fforce and
dBBending
di momentt Di
Diagram

Hinge
Reaction Calculation

M B (left ) = 0 10 Ay + 20(5) 60 = 0
Ay = 4k
M E = 0 C y (12) + 18(6) + 5(16) + 20(27) 4(32) 60 = 0
C y = 45k
F x = 0 Ex = 0
F y = 0 E y + 18 + 5 + 20 4 45 = 0
E y = 6k
 Frames (Example 1)
Draw Bending moment Diagram
S
Support
t reaction
ti & Free
F Body
B d di
diagram
 _
_
S.F.D B.M.D
 + S.F.D

- - B.M.D
 Frames (Example 2)
D
Draw shear
h fforce and
dBBending
di momentt Di
Diagram
 + NFD
N.F.D

+
_ S.F.D

B.M.D
N.F.D S.F.D B.M.D
+
N.F.D
+
-
+ -
 Frames (Example 3)
D
Draw shear
h fforce and
dBBending
di momentt Di
Diagram
N.F.D S.F.D B.M.D

- -
 _
NFD
N.F.D

64
+
S.F.D
26

+ B.M.D

251.6
 NFD
N.F.D

S.F.D

BMD
B.M.D

168
 64 S.F.D
+ 13 22
13.22

26
_

_
36

31.78

432
_
432 139.3 B.M.D
_ +
251.6
168+
 Frames (Example 4)
D
Draw shear
h fforce and
dBBending
di moment Di
Diagram
 S.F.D

B.M.D

+
 _ S.F.D

+ B.M.D
 Frames (Example 5)
Draw shear force and Bending moment Diagram
 Frames (Example 6)
D
Draw shear
h fforce and
dBBending
di momentt Di
Diagram
N.F.D S.F.D B.M.D

_
_

_
 _ N.F.D

+ + S.F.D
_

_ _
B.M.D
+
B.M.D S.F.D N.F.D

_
 Frames ((Example
p 7))
Draw Normal force, shear force and Bending moment
Diagram
g
 10kN/m

60kN 20.8

26.8
53.7
10.5
110
26.56o
47.7
43.2
N.F.D S.F.D B.M.D

S.F.D

B.M.D
N.F.D

S.F.D

B.M.D
B.M.D
Moment diagram constructed by the
method of superposition
Example 1
Example 2.a
Example 2.b
 Problem 1
Draw Normal
D N l force,
f shear
h force
f and
dBBending
di momentt
Diagram
 Problem 2
Draw Normal
D N l force,
f shear
h force
f and
dBBending
di momentt
Diagram