Radharaman Institutes of Research & Technology Bhopal

Department of Electronics and Communication

Experiment No. 1

Objective:- To measure the frequency and guide wavelength ( g) of a Reflex Klystron source, working in
(TE10) dominant mode in a rectangular waveguide.

Equipment:- Klystron Tube, Klystron Power Supply, Klystron Mount, Isolator, Frequency Meter,
Variable Attenuator, Slotted Section, Tunable Probe,VSWR Meter ,Movable Short /Matched Termination .

Theory:- For dominant mode in a rectangular waveguide,

1/02 =1/g2 +1/c2

Where 0 =c/f (free space wavelength)

Where c is the speed of light and f is the frequency

g= guide wavelength

c = cutoff wavelength

For TE10 mode ,c = 2a, where a is the broader dimension of the waveguide.

Procedure:-

1. Setup the apparatus and equipment as per the block diagram given in figure 1.

V.S.W.R
Klystron Meter
Power
Supply

Probe Matched

Klystro Isolator Frequency Variable Slotted Terminatio

n Meter Attenuato line n
Mount r

Fig. 1 Movable
Short
2. Set the variable attenuator at maximum position.
3. Keep the control knobs of VSWR meter as shown below:-

Range db - 50 db position

Input Switch - Crystal Low Impedance

Meter Switch - Normal Position

Gain (Coarse and Fine)-Mid Position

4. Keep the control knobs of VSWR meter as shown below

Meter Switch - OFF

Modulation Switch - AM

Beam Voltage Knob - Fully anticlockwise

Reflector Voltage - Fully clockwise

AM amplitude knob - Around fully clockwise

AM frequency knob - Around mid position

5. ON the Klystron Power Supply, VSWR meter and cooling fan.

6. Turn the meter switch of power supply to beam voltage position and set beam voltage at 300V with the
help of beam voltage knob and set the beam current at 20 mA.

7. Adjust the reflector voltage to get some deflection in VSWR meter.

8. Maximize the deflection with AM amplitude and frequency control knob of power supply.

9. Tune the plunger of klystron mount for maximum deflection.

10. Tune the reflector voltage knob for maximum deflection.

11. Tune the probe for maximum deflection in VSWR meter.

12. Tune the frequency meter knob to get the dip on VSWR scale and note down the frequency directly
from the frequency meter.

13. Replace the termination with a movable short and detune the frequency meter.

14. Move probe along with the slotted line, the deflection in the VSWR meter will vary, move the probe
to a minimum deflection position, to get an accurate reading, it is necessary to increase the VSWR meter
range dB switch to a higher position. Note and record the probe position.

15. Move the probe to next minimum position and record the probe position again.

16. Calculate the guide wavelength (g) as twice the distance between two successive minimum positions
obtained as above.
17. Measure the waveguide inner broad dimension a which will be around 2.286cm for X band. This
can be used to calculate the cutoff frequency (c= 2a.)

18. Calculate frequency by the following equation

f = c/0 = c ( 1/g2+ 1/c2)1/2

19. Verify with frequency obtained by frequency meter.

20. Verify at different frequencies.

Calculate g from the following equation

g = 0 / ( 1- (0/ c)2)1/2

Where 0 = c/f

Where f is the frequency obtained from frequency meter.

VIVA QUESTIONS:-

Q.1 what do you mean by cut off frequency? Give derivation?

Q.2Derive the equation for propagation of TM wave in rectangular waveguide and obtain all field

Components?

Q.3 Explain about H plane Tee junction with a neat sketch. Give properties of [s] matrix?

Q.4 Why TEM wave cannot exist in W.G? Give necessary derivation

Q.5 Explain Bethe hole coupler & ferrite devices.