Big Step Institute

PHYSICS III
11TH GRADE
CHAPTER 9:
TEMPERATURE AND HEAT

Mr. David Ramos

1)The temperature on a warm day is 309.7 K. Calculate the equivalent to this temperature on
the Fahrenheit temperature scale.

2) On January 22, 1943, the air temperature at Spearfish, South Dakota, rose 49.0 F in 2 min
to reach a high temperature of 7.00 C. What were the initial and final temperatures in
degrees Fahrenheit? What was the temperature in degrees Celsius before the temperature
increase?

3) In 1980, Willie Jones of Atlanta, Georgia, was hospitalized with heatstroke, having a body
temperature of 116 F. Fortunately, he survived. Express Willies body temperature in kelvins.

4) A stone with a mass of 0.450 kg is dropped from the edge of a cliff. When the stone strikes
the ground, the internal energy of the stone and ground increase by 1770 J. If the stone is
initially at rest when it is dropped, how high above the ground is the cliff? (g = 9.81 m/s2)

5) Balls Pyramid, a rock pinnacle off the eastern coast of Australia, is 561.7 m tall. Suppose
erosion causes a stone to fall from the summit. When the stone lands, its kinetic energy is
transferred to the internal energy of the ground and the stone, which increases by 105 J.
What is the mass of the stone?
Main Concepts
Specific heat Capacity:
Is defined as the energy required to change the temperature of 1Kg of a
substance by 1C.

or =
1) How much energy is needed to heat 80 grams of water from 10C to
55C?
= = ( )

2) A 50.0-g sample of copper is at 25.0C. If 1 200 Joules of energy is

added to it by heat, what is its final temperature?

= = =

Energy conservation can be used to calculate the specific heat capacity:
Energy Absorbed by a substance = -Energy released by the other substance
=

, = ,
, ( ) = , ( )
 1) A 30.0 g silver cube initially at 100C is dropped into a calorimeter
containing 75 g of water at 25C. What is the final temperature of
the water-silver mixture?
=
( , ) = ( , )
(4,186)(0.075) ( ) = . ( ) SYSTEM

Tfinal = 26.6oC

Ag
H2O
m = 75 g m = 30 g
T = 25oC T = 100oC
3)A 0.050 0-kg ingot of metal is heated to 200.0C and then dropped into a
beaker containing 0.400 kg of water initially at 20.0C. If the final equilibrium
temperature of the mixed system is 22.4C. find the specific heat of the metal.
4)240 g of water (initially at 20oC) are mixed with an unknown mass of
iron (initially at 500oC). When thermal equilibrium is reached, the system
has a temperature of 42oC.
Find the mass of the iron.
T = 500oC
Fe mass = ?

T = 20oC
mass = 240 g
5)A 97 g sample of gold at 785oC is dropped into 323 g of water, which has an
initial temperature of 15oC. If gold has a specific heat of 129 J/Kg*oC, what is
the final temperature of the mixture? Assume that the gold experiences no
change in state of matter.

T = 785oC
Au mass = 97 g

T = 15oC
mass = 323 g
6) If 59 g of water at 13oC are mixed with 87 g of water at 72oC, find the
final temperature of the system.

T = 13oC T = 72oC
mass = 59 g mass = 87 g
7)A 1.50-kg iron horseshoe initially at 600C is dropped into a bucket containing 20.0 kg of
water at 25.0C. What is the final temperature?

8) A 0.050 kg metal bolt is heat to an unknown initial temperature. Then is dropped into a
calorimeter containing 0.15 Kg of water with an initial temperature of 21C. the bolt and the
water then reach a final temperature of 25C. if the metal has a specific heat capacity of 899
J/Kg*C, find the initial temperature of the metal.

9) a team of firefighters pumped 143 10^3 kg of water in less than four days. What mass of
wood can be cooled from a temperature of 280.0C to one of 100.0C using this amount of
water? Assume that the initial temperature of the water is 20.0C and that all of the water has
a final equilibrium temperature of 100.0C, but that none of the water is vaporized. Use
1.700 10^3 J/kgC for the specific heat capacity of wood.

10) A metal part with a mass of 7.50 10^2 kg and a temperature of 93.0C is placed in a
calorimeter containing 0.150 kg of water. If the initial temperature of the water is 25.0C, and
the final temperature of the part and water 29.0C, what is the specific heat capacity of
the part?
Latent heat of Fusin Solid to liquid
Latent heat of Vaporization Liquid to gas
 Change in state .Latent heat => Q = Lm
Change in temperature .. Calorimetry => Q = Cpm(Tf Ti)

Figure: A plot of temperature versus energy added when a system initially consisting of 1.00 g
of ice at 230.0C is converted to steam at 120.0C.
As the temperature increases, the volume of substances almost always increases.
This phenomenon, known as thermal expansion, has an important role in
numerous engineering applications.

(a) Thermal-expansion joints are used to separate sections of roadways on bridges.

Without these joints, the surfaces would buckle due to thermal expansion on very
hot days or crack due to contraction on very cold days. (b) The long, vertical joint is
filled with a soft material that allows the wall to expand and contract as the
temperature of the bricks changes.
we define the average coefficient of linear expansion as

Experiments show that is constant for small changes in temperature. For purposes
of calculation, this equation is usually rewritten as

or as
A steel railroad track has a length of 30.000 m when the temperature is 0.0C.
(a) What is its length when the temperature is 40.0C?
1.-A copper telephone wire has essentially no sag between poles 35.0 m apart on a
winter day when the temperature is -20.0C. How much longer is the wire on a
summer day when TC= 35.0C?

2.-The concrete sections of a certain superhighway are designed to have a length of

25.0 m. The sections are poured and cured at 10.0C. What minimum spacing
should the engineer leave between the sections to eliminate buckling if the concrete
is to reach a temperature of 50.0C?

3.- An aluminum tube is 3.000 m long at 20.0C. What is its length at:
(a) 100.0C
(b) 0.0C?

4.- What is the change in length of a metal rod with an initial length of 2 meters, a
coefficient of thermal expansion 0.0002 /C and a temperature change of 20 K?
1.-A 72 L steel gas tank is open and filled to the top with gasoline, = 950 x 10-
6 C-1, at 18 C. The car sits in the sun and reaches a temperature of 32 C. How
much gasoline overflows from the tank?

2.-The steel bed of a suspension bridge is 200 m long at 20C. If the temperature
goes from -30C to 40c, what contraction and expansion is possible?

3.-A glass jar with 200 cm3 volume is filled to the brim with mercury at 20 C.
How much mercury will overflow if the system temperature rises to 100 C?
The linear expansion coefficient of the glass is 0.40 x 10-5 /C.
1.-Vinegar, which contains acetic acid, can be used as an effective and environmentally-friendly household
cleanser. Suppose you mix 0.340 kg of vinegar at 21.0C with 1.00 kg hot water at 90.0C in a plastic
bucket. The solution of vinegar and water reaches a final equilibrium temperature of 73.7C.
Disregarding energy transfer as heat to the surrounding air and bucket, what is the specific heat
capacity of vinegar?
2.-The water in a swimming pool transfers 1.09 10^10 J of energy as heat to the cool night air. If the
temperature of the water, which has a specific heat of 4186 J/kg C, decreases by 5.0C, what is the
mass of the water in the pool?

3.- How much energy is required to change a 70.0-g ice cube from ice at -35.0C to steam at 110C?

4.- The average coefficient of volume expansion for carbon tetrachloride is 5.81 x 10-4 (C)1. If a 50.0-
gal steel container is filled completely with carbon tetrachloride when the temperature is 10.0C, how
much will spill over when the temperature rises to 30.0C?
THANK YOU !!!!