APPENDIX IV

BESSEL FUNCTIONS

The differential equation, see equation (2-36b),

 
d 2 R 1 dR v2
+ + 1 R=0 (1)
dz2 z dz z2

is called Besselss differential equation of order v . Two linearly independent

solutions of this equation for all values of v are Jv (z ), the Bessel function of the
rst kind of order v, and Yv (z ), the Bessel function of the second kind of order
v . Thus, the general solution of equation (1) is written as [13]

R(z) = c1 Jv (z) + c2 Yv (z) (2)

The Bessel function J v (z ) in series form is dened as

 v 

1 ( 12 z)2k
Jv (z) = z (1)k (3)
2 k!(v + k + 1)
k=0

where (x ) is the gamma function.

The differential equation
 
d 2 R 1 dR v2
+ 1+ 2 R =0 (4)
dz2 z dz z

is called Bessels modied differential equation of order v . Two linearly inde-

pendent solutions of this equation for all values of v are I v (z ), the modied
Heat Conduction, Third Edition. David W. Hahn and M. Necati zisik 691
Copyright 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
692 BESSEL FUNCTIONS

Bessel function of the rst kind of order v, and K v (z ), the modied Bessel func-
tion of the second kind of order v . Thus, the general solution of equation (4) is
written as

R(z) = c1 Iv (z) + c2 Kv (z) (5)

where I v (z ) and K v (z ) are real and positive when v > 1 and z > 0. The Bessel
function I v (z ) in series form is given by
 v 

1 ( 12 z)2k
Iv (z) = z (6)
2 k!(v + k + 1)
k=0

When v is not zero or not a positive integer, the general solutions (2) and (5)
can be taken, respectively, in the form

R(z) = c1 Jv (z) + c2 Jv (z) (7a)

R(z) = c1 Iv (z) + c2 Iv (z) (7b)

When v = n is a positive integer, the solutions J n (z ) and J n (z ) are not

independent; they are related by

Jn (z) = (1)n Jn (z) and Jn (z) = Jn (z) (n = integer) (8)

similarly, when v = n is a positive integer, the solutions I n (z ) and I n (z ) are

not independent.
We summarize various forms of solutions of equation (1) as [2]

R(z) = c1 Jv (z) + c2 Yv (z) always (9a)

R(z) = c1 Jv (z) + c2 Jv (z) v is not zero or a positive integer (9b)

and the solutions of equation (4) as [2]

R(z) = c1 Iv (z) + c2 Kv (z) always (10a)

R(z) = c1 Iv (z) + c2 Iv (z) v is not zero or positive integer (10b)

IV-1 GENERALIZED BESSEL EQUATION

Sometimes a given differential equation, after suitable transformation of the inde-

pendent variable, yields a solution that is a linear combination of Bessel functions.
A convenient way of nding out whether a given differential equation possesses
a solution in terms of Bessel functions is to compare it with the generalized
LIMITING FORM FOR SMALL Z 693

Bessel equation developed by Douglas [4, p. 210]:

  
d 2R 1 2m dR (2m 1)
2
+ 2 + p2 a 2 x 2p2 + 2 +
dx x dx x
2 2
m p v
2
+ R=0 (11a)
x2
and the corresponding solution of which is

R = x m ex [c1 Jv (ax p ) + c2 Yv (ax p )] (11b)

where c 1 and c 2 are arbitrary constants.

For example, by comparing the differential equation
d 2R 1 dR
2
+ R=0 (12)
dx x dx x
with the above generalized Bessel equation we nd

= 0, m = 0, p = 12 , p 2 v2 = , a = 2i , v=0

Hence, the solution of differential equation (12) is in the form

 
R = c1 J0 (2i x) + c2 Y0 (2i x) (13a)

or
 
R = c1 I0 (2 x) + c2 K0 (2 x) (13b)

which involves Bessel functions.

IV-2 LIMITING FORM FOR SMALL Z

For small values of z (i.e., z 0), the retention of the leading terms in the
series results in the following approximations for the values of Bessel functions
[5, p. 360]:
 v
1 1
Jv (z) = z v = 1, 2, 3, . . . (14a)
2 (v + 1)
 
1 2 v 2
Yv (z) = (v) v = 0 and Y0 (z)
= ln z (14b)
z
 v
1 1
Iz (z)
= z v = 1, 2, 3, . . . (15a)
2 (v + 1)
 
1 2 v
Kv (z) = (v) v = 0 and K0 (z) = ln z (15b)
2 z
where we note (1) 1.
694 BESSEL FUNCTIONS

IV-3 LIMITING FORM FOR LARGE Z

For large values of z (i.e., z ) the values of Bessel functions can be

approximated as [5, pp. 364, 377]

2 v

Jv (z) = cos z (16a)

z 4 2

2 v

Yv (z) = sin z (16b)

z 4 4

ez
Iv (z)
= and Kv (z)
= ez (16c)
2z 2z

IV-4 DERIVATIVES OF BESSEL FUNCTIONS

 v
d v z Wv1 (z) for W J, Y, I (17a)
[z Wv (z)] =
dz zv Wv1 (z) for W K (17b)

d v zv Wv+1 (z) for W J, Y, K
[z Wv (z)] = (18b)
dz zv Wv+1 (z) for W I

For example, by setting v = 0, we obtain


d W1 (z) for W J, Y, K (19a)
[W0 (z)] =
dz W 1 (z) for W =I (19b)
as given by reference 3 [pp. 161163].

IV-5 INTEGRATION OF BESSEL FUNCTIONS


1 v
zv Wv1 (z) dz = z Wv (z) for W J, Y, I (20)


1 1
v
Wv+1 (z) dz = v Wv (z) for W J, Y, K (21)
z z
For example, by setting v = 1 in equation (20), are obtain

1
zW0 (z) dz = zW1 (z) for W J, Y, I (22)

Innite integrals involving Bessel functions are [1, pp. 394395]


av
epz zv+1 Jv (az) dz = ea /4p
2 2
v+1
(23)
z=0 (2p)
WRONSKIAN RELATIONSHIP 695

  
1 (a 2 +b2 )/4p ab
epz zJv (az)Jv (bz) dz =
2
e Iv (24)
z=0 2p 2p

The indenite integral of the square of Bessel functions is given by [1, p. 135;
2, p. 110]

1 2 2
rG2v (r) dr = r [Gv (r) Gv1 (r)Gv+1 (r)] (25a)
2
   
1 v2
= r 2 G2
v (r) + 1 G 2
v (r) (25b)
2 2r 2

where G v ( r) is any Bessel function of the rst or second kind of order v

and where prime notation designates differentiation with respect to the entire
argument.
The indenite integral of the product of two Bessel functions can be expressed
in the form [6, equation 9]
   2  
r2  v
rGv (r)Gv (r) dr = Gv (r)Gv (r) + 1 Gv (r)Gv (r)
2 r
(26a)

or in the form [1, p. 134; 2, p. 110]


v 1 2
rGv (r)G (r) dr = r [2Gv (r)Gv (r) Gv1 (r)Gv+1 (r)
4
Gv+1 (r)Gv1 (r)] (26b)

where G v ( r) and Gv (r) can be any Bessel function of the rst or second
kind and where prime notation designates differentiation with respect to the entire
argument. We note that equations (25a,b) are special cases of the integrals (26a,b).

IV-6 WRONSKIAN RELATIONSHIP

The Wronskian relationship for the Bessel functions

2
Jv (r)Yv (r) Yv (r)Jv (r) = (27)
r

is useful in the simplication of expressions involving Bessel functions, where

prime notation designates differentiation with respect to the entire argument.
696
TABLE IV-1 Numerical Values of Bessel Functions
J 0 (z )
z 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
0 1.0000 0.9975 0.9900 0.9776 0.9604 0.9385 0.9120 0.8812 0.8463 0.8075
1 0.7652 0.7196 0.6711 0.6201 0.5669 0.5118 0.4554 0.3980 0.3400 0.2818
2 0.2239 0.1666 0.1104 0.0555 0.0025 0.0484 0.0968 0.1424 0.1850 0.2243
3 0.2601 0.2921 0.3202 0.3443 0.3643 0.3801 0.3918 0.3992 0.4026 0.4018
4 0.3971 0.3887 0.3766 0.3610 0.3423 0.3205 0.2961 0.2693 0.2404 0.2097
5 0.1776 0.1443 0.1103 0.0758 0.0412 0.0068 0.0270 0.0599 0.0917 0.1220
6 0.1506 0.1773 0.2017 0.2238 0.2433 0.2601 0.2740 0.2851 0.2931 0.2981
7 0.3001 0.2991 0.2951 0.2882 0.2786 0.2663 0.2516 0.2346 0.2154 0.1944
8 0.1717 0.1475 0.1222 0.0960 0.0692 0.0419 0.0146 0.0125 0.0392 0.0653
9 0.0903 0.1142 0.1367 0.1577 0.1768 0.1939 0.2090 0.2218 0.2323 0.2403
10 0.2459 0.2490 0.2496 0.2477 0.2434 0.2366 0.2276 0.2164 0.2032 0.1881
11 0.1712 0.1528 0.1330 0.1121 0.0902 0.0677 0.0446 0.0213 0.0020 0.0250
12 0.0477 0.0697 0.0908 0.1108 0.1296 0.1469 0.1626 0.1766 0.1887 0.1988
13 0.2069 0.2129 0.2167 0.2183 0.2177 0.2150 0.2101 0.2032 0.1943 0.1836
14 0.1711 0.1570 0.1414 0.1245 0.1065 0.0875 0.0679 0.0476 0.0271 0.0064
15 0.0142 0.0346 0.0544 0.0736 0.0919 0.1092 0.1253 0.1401 0.1533 0.1650

When z > 15.9,

  
2 1 1 1
J0 (z) sin(z + ) + sin(z )
z 4 8z 4
 J 1 (z )
z 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
0 0.0000 0.0499 0.0995 0.1483 0.1960 0.2423 0.2867 0.3290 0.3688 0.4059
1 0.4401 0.4709 0.4983 0.5220 0.5419 0.5579 0.5699 0.5778 0.5815 0.5812
2 0.5767 0.5683 0.5560 0.5399 0.5202 0.4971 0.4708 0.4416 0.4097 0.3754
3 0.3391 0.3009 0.2613 0.2207 0.1792 0.1374 0.0955 0.0538 0.0128 0.0272
4 0.0660 0.1033 0.1386 0.1719 0.2028 0.2311 0.2566 0.2791 0.2985 0.3147
5 0.3276 0.3371 0.3432 0.3460 0.3453 0.3414 0.3343 0.3241 0.3110 0.2951
6 0.2767 0.2559 0.2329 0.2081 0.1816 0.1538 0.1250 0.0953 0.0652 0.0349
7 0.0047 0.0252 0.0543 0.0826 0.1096 0.1352 0.1592 0.1813 0.2014 0.2192
8 0.2346 0.2476 0.2580 0.2657 0.2708 0.2731 0.2728 0.2697 0.2641 0.2559
9 0.2453 0.2324 0.2174 0.2004 0.1816 0.1613 0.1395 0.1166 0.0928 0.0684
10 0.0435 0.0184 0.0066 0.0313 0.0555 0.0789 0.1012 0.1224 0.1422 0.1603
11 0.1768 0.1913 0.2039 0.2143 0.2225 0.2284 0.2320 0.2333 0.2323 0.2290
12 0.2234 0.2157 0.2060 0.1943 0.1807 0.1655 0.1487 0.1307 0.1114 0.0912
13 0.0703 0.0489 0.0271 0.0052 +0.0166 0.0380 0.0590 0.0791 0.0984 0.1165
14 0.1334 0.1488 0.1626 0.1747 0.1850 0.1934 0.1999 0.2043 0.2066 0.2069
15 0.2051 0.2013 0.1955 0.1879 0.1784 0.1672 0.1544 0.1402 0.1247 0.1080

When z > 15.9,

  
2 1 3 1
J1 (z) sin(z ) + sin(z + )
z 4 8z 4

697
698
Y 0 (z )
z 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
0 1.5342 1.0811 0.8073 0.6060 0.4445 0.3085 0.1907 0.0868 0.0056
1 0.0883 0.1622 0.2281 0.2865 0.3379 0.3824 0.4204 0.4520 0.4774 0.4968
2 0.5104 0.5183 0.5208 0.5181 0.5104 0.4981 0.4813 0.4605 0.4359 0.4079
3 0.3769 0.3431 0.3071 0.2691 0.2296 0.1890 0.1477 0.1061 0.0645 0.0234
4 0.0169 0.0561 0.0938 0.1296 0.1633 0.1947 0.2235 0.2494 0.2723 0.2921
5 0.3085 0.3216 0.3313 0.3374 0.3402 0.3395 0.3354 0.3282 0.3177 0.3044
6 0.2882 0.2694 0.2483 0.2251 0.1999 0.1732 0.1452 0.1162 0.0864 0.0563
7 0.0259 0.0042 0.0339 0.0628 0.0907 0.1173 0.1424 0.1658 0.1872 0.2065
8 0.2235 0.2381 0.2501 0.2595 0.2662 0.2702 0.2715 0.2700 0.2659 0.2592
9 0.2499 0.2383 0.2245 0.2086 0.1907 0.1712 0.1502 0.1279 0.1045 0.0804
10 0.0557 0.0307 0.0056 0.0193 0.0437 0.0675 0.0904 0.1122 0.1326 0.1516
11 0.1688 0.1843 0.1977 0.2091 0.2183 0.2252 0.2299 0.2322 0.2322 0.2298
12 0.2252 0.2184 0.2095 0.1986 0.1858 0.1712 0.1551 0.1375 0.1187 0.0989
13 0.0782 0.0569 0.0352 0.0134 0.0085 0.0301 0.0512 0.0717 0.0913 0.1099
14 0.1272 0.1431 0.1575 0.1703 0.1812 0.1903 0.1974 0.2025 0.2056 0.2065
15 0.2055 0.2023 0.1972 0.1902 0.1813 0.1706 0.1584 0.1446 0.1295 0.1132

When z > 15.9,

  
2 1 1 1
Y0 (z) sin(z ) sin(z + )
z 4 8z 4
 Y 1 (z )
z 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
0 6.4590 3.3238 2.2931 1.7809 1.4715 1.2604 1.1032 0.9781 0.8731
1 0.7812 0.6981 0.6211 0.5485 0.4791 0.4123 0.3476 0.2847 0.2237 0.1644
2 0.1070 0.0517 0.0015 0.0523 0.1005 0.1459 0.1884 0.2276 0.2635 0.2959
3 0.3247 0.3496 0.3707 0.3879 0.4010 0.4102 0.4154 0.4167 0.4141 0.4078
4 0.3979 0.3846 0.3680 0.3484 0.3260 0.3010 0.2737 0.2445 0.2136 0.1812
5 0.1479 0.1137 0.0792 0.0445 0.0101 0.0238 0.0568 0.0887 0.1192 0.1481
6 0.1750 0.1998 0.2223 0.2422 0.2596 0.2741 0.2857 0.2945 0.3002 0.3029
7 0.3027 0.2995 0.2934 0.2846 0.2731 0.2591 0.2428 0.2243 0.2039 0.1817
8 0.1581 0.1331 0.1072 0.0806 0.0535 0.0262 0.0011 0.0280 0.0544 0.0799
9 0.1043 0.1275 0.1491 0.1691 0.1871 0.2032 0.2171 0.2287 0.2379 0.2447
10 0.2490 0.2508 0.2502 0.2471 0.2416 0.2337 0.2236 0.2114 0.1973 0.1813
11 0.1637 0.1446 0.1243 0.1029 0.0807 0.0579 0.0348 0.0114 0.0118 0.0347
12 0.0571 0.0787 0.0994 0.1189 0.1371 0.1538 0.1689 0.1821 0.1935 0.2028
13 0.2101 0.2152 0.2182 0.2190 0.2176 0.2140 0.2084 0.2007 0.1912 0.1798
14 0.1666 0.1520 0.1359 0.1186 0.1003 0.0810 0.0612 0.0408 0.0202 0.0005
15 0.0211 0.0413 0.0609 0.0799 0.0979 0.1148 0.1305 0.1447 0.1575 0.1686

When z > 15.9,

  
2 3 3 1
Y1 (z) sin(z ) + sin(z )
z 4 8z 4

699
700
I 0 (z )
z 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
0 1.0000 1.0025 1.0100 1.0226 1.0404 1.0635 1.0920 1.1263 1.1665 1.2130
1 1.2661 1.3262 1.3937 1.4693 1.5534 1.6467 1.7500 1.8640 1.9896 2.1277
2 2.2796 2.4463 2.6291 2.8296 3.0493 3.2898 3.5533 3.8417 4.1573 4.5027
3 4.8808 5.2945 5.7472 6.2426 6.7848 7.3782 8.0277 8.7386 9.5169 10.369
10 4 1.1302 1.2324 1.3442 1.4668 1.6010 1.7481 1.9093 2.0858 2.2794 2.4915
10 5 2.7240 2.9789 3.2584 3.5648 3.9009 4.2695 4.6738 5.1173 5.6038 6.1377
10 6 6.7234 7.3663 8.0718 8.8462 9.6962 10.629 11.654 12.779 14.014 15.370
102 7 1.6859 1.8495 2.0292 2.2266 2.4434 2.6816 2.9433 3.2309 3.5468 3.8941
102 8 4.2756 4.6950 5.1559 5.6626 6.2194 6.8316 7.5046 8.2445 9.0580 9.9524
103 9 1.0936 1.2017 1.3207 1.4514 1.5953 1.7535 1.9275 2.1189 2.3294 2.5610

When z 10,
 
0.3989ez 1 9 75
I0 (z) 1 + + +
z1/2 8z 128z2 1024z3
 K 0 (z )
z 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
0 2.4271 1.7527 1.3725 1.1145 0.9244 0.7775 0.6605 0.5653 0.4867
1 0.4210 0.3656 0.3185 0.2782 0.2437 0.2138 0.1880 0.1655 0.1459 0.1288
101 2 1.1389 1.0078 0.8926 0.7914 0.7022 0.6235 0.5540 0.4926 0.4382 0.3901
101 3 0.3474 0.3095 0.2759 0.2461 0.2196 0.1960 0.1750 0.1563 0.1397 0.1248
102 4 1.1160 0.9980 0.8927 0.7988 0.7149 0.6400 0.5730 0.5132 0.4597 0.4119
102 5 0.3691 0.3308 0.2966 0.2659 0.2385 0.2139 0.1918 0.1721 0.1544 0.1386
103 6 1.2440 1.1167 1.0025 0.9001 0.8083 0.7259 0.6520 0.5857 0.5262 0.4728
103 7 0.4248 0.3817 0.3431 0.3084 0.2772 0.2492 0.2240 0.2014 0.1811 0.1629
104 8 1.4647 1.3173 1.1849 1.0658 0.9588 0.8626 0.7761 0.6983 0.6283 0.5654
104 9 0.5088 0.4579 0.4121 0.3710 0.3339 0.3006 0.2706 0.2436 0.2193 0.1975

When z 10,
 
1.2533ez 1 9 75
K0 (z) 1 +
z1/2 8z 128z2 1024z3

701
702
I 1 (z )
z 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
0 0 0.0501 0.1005 0.1517 0.2040 0.2579 0.3137 0.3719 0.4329 0.4971
1 0.5652 0.6375 0.7147 0.7973 0.8861 0.9817 1.0848 1.1963 1.3172 1.4482
2 1.5906 1.7455 1.9141 2.0978 2.2981 2.5167 2.7554 3.0161 3.3011 3.6126
3 3.9534 4.3262 4.7343 5.1810 5.6701 6.2058 6.7927 7.4357 8.1404 8.9128
10 4 0.9759 1.0688 1.1706 1.2822 1.4046 1.5389 1.6863 1.8479 2.0253 2.2199
10 5 2.4336 2.6680 2.9254 3.2080 3.5182 3.8588 4.2328 4.6436 5.0946 5.5900
10 6 6.1342 6.7319 7.3886 8.1100 8.9026 9.7735 10.730 11.782 12.938 14.208
102 7 1.5604 1.7138 1.8825 2.0679 2.2717 2.4958 2.7422 3.0131 3.3110 3.6385
102 8 3.9987 4.3948 4.8305 5.3096 5.8366 6.4162 7.0538 7.7551 8.5266 9.3754
103 9 1.0309 1.1336 1.2467 1.3710 1.5079 1.6585 1.8241 2.0065 2.2071 2.4280

When z 10,
 
0.3989ez 3 15 105
I1 (z) 1
z1/2 8z 128z2 1024z3
 K 1 (z )
z 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
0 9.8538 4.7760 3.0560 2.1844 1.6564 1.3028 1.0503 0.8618 0.7165
1 0.6019 0.5098 0.4346 0.3725 0.3208 0.2774 0.2406 0.2094 0.1826 0.1597
101 2 1.3987 1.2275 1.0790 0.9498 0.8372 0.7389 0.6528 0.5774 0.5111 0.4529
101 3 0.4016 0.3563 0.3164 0.2812 0.2500 0.2224 0.1979 0.1763 0.1571 0.1400
102 4 1.2484 1.1136 0.9938 0.8872 0.7923 0.7078 0.6325 0.5654 0.5055 0.4521
102 5 0.4045 0.3619 0.3239 0.2900 0.2597 0.2326 0.2083 0.1866 0.1673 0.1499
103 6 1.3439 1.2050 1.0805 0.9691 0.8693 0.7799 0.6998 0.6280 0.5636 0.5059
103 7 0.4542 0.4078 0.3662 0.3288 0.2953 0.2653 0.2383 0.2141 0.1924 0.1729
104 8 1.5537 1.3964 1.2552 1.1283 1.0143 0.9120 0.8200 0.7374 0.6631 0.5964
104 9 0.5364 0.4825 0.4340 0.3904 0.3512 0.3160 0.2843 0.2559 0.2302 0.2072

When z 10,
 
1.2533ez 3 15 105
K1 (z) 1+ +
z1/2 8z 128z2 1024z3

703
704 BESSEL FUNCTIONS

IV-7 RECURRENCE RELATIONS

The recurrence formulas for the Bessel functions are given as [1, pp. 45 and 66;
5, p. 361]

2v
Wv1 (z) + Wv+1 (z) = W (z) (28a)
2 v
Wv1 (z) Wv+1 (z) = 2Wv (z) (28b)
v
Wv1 (z) Wv (z) = Wv (z) (28c)
z
v
Wv+1 (z) + Wv (z) = Wv (z) (28d)
2
where W = J or Y or any linear combination of these functions, the coefcients
of which are independent of z and v .
A systematic tabulation of various integrals involving Bessel functions is given
in Ref. 7 and 8.
In Table IV-1 we present the numerical values of J n (z ), Y n (z ), I n (z ), and
K n (z ) functions for n = 0 and 1 [2, pp. 215221], and in Table IV-2 we present
the rst 10 roots of J n (z ) function for n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 5.
Finally, in Tables IV-3 and IV-4 we present the roots of J 1 () cJ 0 () =
0 and J 0 ()Y 0 (c)Y 0 ()J 0 (c) = 0, respectively [9, p. 493; 5, pp. 414415].

TABLE IV-2 First 10 Roots of Jn (z) = 0, n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

J0 J1 J2 J3 J4 J5
1 2.4048 3.8317 5.1356 6.3802 7.5883 8.7715
2 5.5201 7.0156 8.4172 9.7610 11.0647 12.3386
3 8.6537 10.1735 11.6198 13.0152 14.3725 15.7002
4 11.7915 13.3237 14.7960 16.2235 17.6160 18.9801
5 14.9309 16.4706 17.9598 19.4094 20.8269 22.2178
6 18.0711 19.6159 21.1170 22.5827 24.0190 25.4303
7 21.2116 22.7601 24.2701 25.7482 27.1991 28.6266
8 24.3525 25.9037 27.4206 28.9084 30.3710 31.8117
9 27.4935 29.0468 30.5692 32.0649 33.5371 34.9888
10 30.6346 32.1897 33.7165 35.2187 36.6990 38.1599
RECURRENCE RELATIONS 705

TABLE IV-3 First Six Roots of J1 () cJ0 () = 0

c 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 0 3.8317 7.0156 10.1735 13.3237 16.4706
0.01 0.1412 3.8343 7.0170 10.1745 13.3244 16.4712
0.02 0.1995 3.8369 7.0184 10.1754 13.3252 16.4718
0.04 0.2814 3.8421 7.0213 10.1774 13.3267 16.4731
0.06 0.3438 3.8473 7.0241 10.1794 13.3282 16.4743
0.08 0.3960 3.8525 7.0270 10.1813 13.3297 16.4755
0.1 0.4417 3.8577 7.0298 10.1833 13.3312 16.4767
0.15 0.5376 3.8706 7.0369 10.1882 13.3349 16.4797
0.2 0.6170 3.8835 7.0440 10.1931 13.3387 16.4828
0.3 0.7465 3.9091 7.0582 10.2029 13.3462 16.4888
0.4 0.8516 3.9344 7.0723 10.2127 13.3537 16.4949
0.5 0.9408 3.9594 7.0864 10.2225 13.3611 16.5010
0.6 1.0184 3.9841 7.1004 10.2322 13.3686 16.5070
0.7 1.0873 4.0085 7.1143 10.2419 13.3761 16.5131
0.8 1.1490 4.0325 7.1282 10.2516 13.3835 16.5191
0.9 1.2048 4.0562 7.1421 10.2613 13.3910 16.5251
1.0 1.2558 4.0795 7.1558 10.2710 13.3984 16.5312
1.5 1.4569 4.1902 7.2233 10.3188 13.4353 16.5612
2.0 1.5994 4.2910 7.2884 10.3658 13.4719 16.5910
3.0 1.7887 4.4634 7.4103 10.4566 13.5434 16.6499
4.0 1.9081 4.6018 7.5201 10.5423 13.6125 16.7073
5.0 1.9898 4.7131 7.6177 10.6223 13.6786 16.7630
6.0 2.0490 4.8033 7.7039 10.6964 13.7414 16.8168
7.0 2.0937 4.8772 7.7797 10.7646 13.8008 16.8684
8.0 2.1286 4.9384 7.8464 10.8271 13.8566 16.9179
9.0 2.1566 4.9897 7.9051 10.8842 13.9090 16.9650
10.0 2.1795 5.0332 7.9569 10.9363 13.9580 17.0099
15.0 2.2509 5.1773 8.1422 11.1367 14.1576 17.2008
20.0 2.2880 5.2568 8.2534 11.2677 14.2983 17.3442
30.0 2.3261 5.3410 8.3771 11.4221 14.4748 17.5348
40.0 2.3455 5.3846 8.4432 11.5081 14.5774 17.6508
50.0 2.3572 5.4112 8.4840 11.5621 14.6433 17.7272
60.0 2.3651 5.4291 8.5116 11.5990 14.6889 17.7807
80.0 2.3750 5.4516 8.5466 11.6461 14.7475 17.8502
100.0 2.3809 5.4652 8.5678 11.6747 14.7834 17.8931
2.4048 5.5201 8.6537 11.7915 14.9309 18.0711
Source: From Carslaw and Jaeger [9].
706 BESSEL FUNCTIONS

TABLE IV-4 First Five Roots of J0 ()Y0 (c) Y0 ()J0 (c) = 0

c 1 2 3 4 5
1.2 15.7014 31.4126 47.1217 62.8302 78.5385
1.5 6.2702 12.5598 18.8451 25.1294 31.4133
2.0 3.1230 6.2734 9.4182 12.5614 15.7040
2.5 2.0732 4.1773 6.2754 8.3717 10.4672
3.0 1.5485 3.1291 4.7038 6.2767 7.8487
3.5 1.2339 2.5002 3.7608 5.0196 6.2776
4.0 1.0244 2.0809 3.1322 4.1816 5.2301

REFERENCES

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University Press, London, 1966.
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London, 1961.
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NJ, 1949.
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McGraw-Hill, New York, 1939.
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Bureau of Standards, Applied Mathematic Series 55, U.S. Government Printing Ofce,
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6. G. Cinelli, Int. J . Eng. Sci. 3, 539559, 1965.
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the Russian and ed. by A. Jeffrey), Academic, New York, 1965.
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