Darko 1

Abena Darko

Wilson Clasby

English 180 Composition

13 April 2017

Early exposure to screen time has a negative effect on childrens relationships because they are
Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:01
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attached to the digital world at a much earlier stage of their lives. Good startthis is still a very

broad thesis. See if your can focus it more specifically.

Annotated Bibliography

Turkle, Sherry. Alone Together.this is not the correct title .TED Talks. 25 Oct. 2016.
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https://www.ted.com/talks/sherry_turkle_alone_together
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In her TEDTalk, Turkle expands on how our digital behavior causes us to feel even more
Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:03
alone without being aware of it. We frighten the thought? of being isolated so we turn to
Deleted: By Sherry Turkle
technology in order to make us feel connected with the world. However, Turkle makes Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:16
the argument that if we do not learn how to teach our children to be alone, they will only Formatted: Highlight
know how to be lonely. We avoid solitude because it makes us feel anxious when in
reality being alone helps us to find ourselves. She mentions in the beginning of the talk
that children complain about their parents not giving them their full attention because
they are so occupied--good. But, in reality the children are just as much connected to
technology
as the parents areis this your opinion or Turkles?. The world has become so
comfortable with sacrificing conversation for
real connection, and one way to help avoid that, as Turkle says is to teach our kids that
being connected is not the only way to feel wanted. By building strong relationships and
reaching out to one another it will not leavestrange sentence construction an individual
Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:17
to feel like they have no one to Formatted: Highlight
confide in. But, if we turn to technology instead as a scapegoat then it will only weaken
our chances of recognizing our own personal vulnerabilities. Good summary

Arthur, Natalie. Technology and Television for Babies and Toddlers. Children
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and Technology, vol? no? 2010 page? , Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:18
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alembaportfolio.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/2/2/46222681/ Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:19
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source_article_3.pdf. Accessed 13 Mar. 2017. Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:21
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Arthur explains the effects of television on babies and toddlers, and how it is best for Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:22
them to avoid screen time. One of the effects she emphasizes is the obesity and Deleted: that the issue with that is
attention-deficit disorder they suffer from later on in life in effect as a result of watching Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:22
Deleted: that could help
so much
Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:23
television. Arthur argues, By being so engaged in television at such an early age, the
Deleted: n
children suddenly become used to it.awkward structure (over exposure to TV at a Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:23
young age normalizes childrens relationships with TV) They adjust to being put in front Deleted:
of a television screen everyday. Arthur points out that TV is typically used as a way to Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:04
keep the child occupied, and allows the parents to have time for themselves without Deleted: Addicted .
Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:05
having to deal with the child. But, Arthur mentions this is problematic because the child
Deleted: , pp. 7699.
grows used to watching television and sees it as way to keep them distracted. The
Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:11
negative outcome of that is, if later on in life they are going through a problem, instead of Formatted: Normal, Line spacing: single
reaching out to someone or facing the issue at hand they will instead rather just turn on
the television as a way to avoid having to address what is going on. This article is useful Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:11
Formatted: Font:Arial, 11 pt
for my essay because it emphasizes one of the long-term effects of television on toddlers
Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:10
growing up, which is using television as a scapegoat instead of communicating about any Formatted: Normal, Indent: Left: 0.5",
of the issues they are going through. good First line: 0"
Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:06
Deleted: Danah Boyds
Boyd , Danah. Addicted . It's Complicated: there is more to this title , Yale University Press, Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:05
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2014, pp. 7699. Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:07
Deleted: she
Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:09
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In Danah Boyds book, the chapter Addiction is where she mentions how she comes Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:09
across a few teens who share their personal experiences with their engagement with Deleted:
technology. One of the teens stated that not being involved with social media made him Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:23
Deleted: in
feel disconnected. He felt as if
Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:24
he lost control of his life because he was not actively engaging with his social life
Formatted: Highlight
through
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technology. Boyd also emphasizes privacy as a way of personal development. As
Deleted: expands on ... [1]
teenagers are coming of age they want to feel wanted and like they matter. And the only Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:25
way they can feel that way is through connecting on social media. Boyd also claims the Deleted: T
current generation of Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:25
youth is uncontrollably hooked onto these new technologies and as a result they Deleted: of that
are not in full control of their lives. According to Boyd this creates unhealthy Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:25
Deleted: By not being in full control it
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relationships. But, Boyd also addresses everything from a different perspective, where
she observes the usage of social media as not only an addiction to technology but an
addiction to one another. Therefore she offers her viewpoint and includes interviews
about how a teens usage of technology should not be addressed as a disease. Good

There is something weird going on with your formatting herenot sure what it is.

Gardner , Howard, and Katie Davis. Personal Identity in the Age of the App. The App

Generation: cite the whole title , Yale University Press, 2012, pp. 6091.

Gardner and Davis look into the identities of the youth expressed in the form of apps
through extensive interviews and conversations--good. They expand on how the app is
used as a platform for the youth to choose how they want to express themselves online.
From this they were able to gather ideas that circle around the identifications of teens. In
most cases their online selves did not match up with their offline selves. This is primarily
because they had this online persona they wanted everyone to view them as. They
basically would pick and choose what they feel they should let people know about them
online, which sometimes lead them to leaving out some details about their lives.
Throughout this section they bring up the question, do apps open up or constrain identity
expression? In order to address this question they look into how youth identities have Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:27
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changed over time. The packaged self is the main idea of the whole reading. It is the
idea that a large portion of the youth primarily focuses on presenting a polished self that
has to meet the approval of society. They feel obligated to portray themselves as
perfect in order to be seen as such. Good
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Fleur , Gabriel. Sexting, Selfies And Self-Harm. Media International Australia, vol? no? May Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:12
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2014, pp. 104112. Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:12
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In this article Fleur looks at the usage of social media in a way that could bring about Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:28
academic and public concern. One way in which he analyzes this is through the Deleted: section
popular conception in which a teens engagement with technology interferes with their Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:28
process of self-development--good. Because teens have an expectation of how they Deleted: y
should Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:28
negotiate their visibility through social media it causes harm to their emotional growth. Deleted: ing
Fleurs primary focus is on the problems that media usage could cause the youth. He Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:29
narrows it down to one issue which is sexting. Fleur makes the argument studies show Deleted: He
that sexting could cause a loss of childhood. Children and teens are not fully developed Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:29
so they have no control over their decisions especially when it comes to sexual material. Deleted: that
Fleur also responds to the problem where he focuses on three ways of blaming the Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:29
matter. His primary argument deals with why youth media should been seen as something Deleted: in which
problematic to society, and if not resolved could only worsen our youths Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:30
self-development. He also points out contradictions which do not help us to understand Deleted: in
why young peoples social media activity is the way it is. good Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:30
Deleted: that
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Hesketh, Kylie D., et al. Children's Physical Activity and Screen Time. International

Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity , vol? no? 2012. EBSCO Accessed

13 Mar. 2017.

Hesketh addresses the misconception that parents tend to have about their children. He
says many parents believe their child is naturally active, so involvement in physically
activity is unnecessary. By watching different shows they feel as though it helps their Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:31
child to want to be more active. But, Hesketh makes the argument that if the child is not Deleted: They

shown how to be physically active then it will result in laziness and affect the childs Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:31
Deleted: that
health. The purpose of Heskeths research was to generate information about a qualitative
methodology that compares a childs physical activity to their engagement with screen
time. Through this study she was able to gather data that showed how a parents physical
activity with their child helped to create companionship. Having that physical
relationship with their child showed them how to communicate with their peers and
engage in activities that helped with their development. Many parents felt strongly about
screen time for their child. But, Hesketh brought up ideas for the parents to help keep
their children entertained without having to put in them in front of a screen. Putting a
book in front of their face or play toys are some of the ways Hesketh thinks can help their
mental development. This article is useful for my essay because it makes a strong Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:32
argument about how less screen time and more physical activity can help strengthen a Deleted: were

childs relationship skills in the future. Good

Murray Deirdre. Touch-Screen Usage in Toddlers. Publication details? Pages?

eds.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=3&sid=75cd6ec2-26e5-4d55-9b68- Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:33

Deleted: Deirde
0975bd55052b%40sessionmgr4008&hid=4203. Accessed 13 Mar. 2017. Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:33
Deleted: But,
Murray studies the effect of screens on toddlers through a health related point of view. Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:33
One health issue he focuses on is dyslexia. He observes this health behavior through a Deleted: because of
childs involvement with screen time. Through his research he found that many of these Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:33
toddlers were being exposed to screens and were fully capable of operating touch screens Deleted: it
and swiping on them from left to right. However Murray argues this early exposure Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:34
affects their Deleted: with
progress in school because they are struggling to understand different material. They Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:34
lack the ability to read well because of their primary focus on these screens. They are Deleted: ing
spending more time on their ipads instead of finding different approaches to help advance Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:34
their vocabulary and do well in school when they are older. But, Murray does not only Deleted: Deirde
look at this negatively but also in the childs ability to Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:35
smartly pick up ways of using screens at an early age. This article is relevant to my topic Deleted: through a
because Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:35
it addresses the negatives of screen time through a more health related approach. Good Deleted: approach
Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:35
Deleted: the smartness
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Napier, Carole. How Use of Screen Media Affects The Emotional Development of Infants. Art

and Science, vol? no? pages?Mar. 2014, www.deepdyve.com/lp/royal-college-of-

nursing-rcn/

how-use-of-screen-media-affects-the-emotional-development-of-infants-cBTBxl9seK.

Accessed 13 Mar. 2017.

Napier focuses on the emotional development for toddlers who are exposed to screen
media. Through Napiers research she was able to make the argument that the use of
television disrupts parent-child interactions. By exposing a child to screen time at an
early age it causes them to be aloneword choices?. Although the parent might be
present there is still no Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:36
Formatted: Highlight
connection between the child and the parent. The childs focus has solely been placed
onto the television and has received their full attention. During this stage babies are
unable to entertain themselves so it is the parents responsibility to actively engage with
their child whether it is making silly faces or reading them a book. From this research
Napier also noticed that as the years go by television and screen media are very much
present in the majority of an infants life. Napier also addresses how it is just not the issue Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:36
of Deleted: is

the child watching the television but also the issue of the television always being on.
Even if the
child is not physically watching TV a distraction is still created. There is a need for direct
interactions between the child and parent in order to help the childs brain development. Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:37
Deleted: t.v
This article is useful for my essay because Napier focuses on the parent-child interactions
which is a common relationship issue for many of the youth in todays society. GOOD

Wagner , Lori Anne. When Your Smartphone Is Too Smart for Your Own Good. The Journal

of Individual Psychology , vol. 71, no? 2015, pp. 114121.

Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:37
In this article Wagner brings up the question of whether social media really is social? Deleted: journal
Wagner Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:37
addresses this question through historic studies and statistics. One of the ideas is that Deleted: is
social media affects our interactions. She says that it does not cause us to be less social, Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:38
however face-to-face contact has been replaced with hiding behind the screen. Instead of Deleted: There is
speaking to each other in person we would rather text. Wagner makes a point about Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:38
conversation being a skill that can only be learned. So, in a world where our social Deleted: made
lives are lived through media communication our youths chance to learn t Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:38
he skill the right way is jeopardized. Looking at the five senses is a way in which Wagner Deleted: by being a
approaches Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:39
the argument. We lose the main focus of the conversation by not being able to visually Deleted: it jeopardizes
see a persons emotion. We instead make up assumptions of a persons emotion Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:39
Deleted: these
 Darko 6

through text that are sometimes inaccurate and misleading. Wagner also argues that face-
to-face relationships are what allow us to truly know a person and Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:40
Deleted: s
without it we create lies and take emotional risks. Good
Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:40
Deleted: argument
Abeno,
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Your formatting looks good. Deleted: goes on ... [2]
MLA 8 citation style needs some tweakingmainly volume and issue numbers and pages. Dont Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:40
forget to include the full title of a book. Deleted: there are a
Your sources look credible, relevant and interesting Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:40
Deleted: ion
You do a very good job capturing the essence of the source material and explaining it in
Nikki Clasby 26/4/2017 19:40
your own words. There are some awkward sentence structures in your writing. I suspect
Deleted: of
you are trying to write as you would speak. Learning to separate the two forms is
difficult and takes practice. My advice is to read summaries created by other scholars,
and look carefully at how they structure their sentences.

You also do a good job explaining how these sources will help you write your essay.
I am looking forward to how you handle this essayit looks very interesting.