Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Objectives:
Practicals:
Workboard Required:
LEYBOLD AM Trainer
Theory
Trapezoidal Pattern
In amplitude modulation (AM) the momentary value of the message signal e m(t) has an
immediate effect on the amplitude of the carrier oscillation e c(t). This takes place in the modulator, see
Figure 1.
ECOMLA1 Page 1 of 8
EXPERIMENT 4
Modulator
em(t) = Em sin mt
for the low message signal. The combining of the carrier and message signal in
the modulator then provides the following modulation product:
eAM(t) = { Ec + Em } sin ct
= { Ec + Em sinmt } sin ct (3)
where stands for the modulator constant, which expresses the affect of the
message signal E(t) on the amplitude Ec of the carrier. Normally (3) is described in
more general terms. For this you need the following definitions:
Amplitude deviation describes the maximum change away from the original
value of Ec in the carrier amplitude. The modulation index m reproduces the ratio
of the amplitude deviation to the carrier amplitude. Thus it is possible to convert
(3) as follows:
eAM (t) = Ec sin ct + Emcos 2 (fc fm)t - Emcos 2 (fc fm)t (6)
ECOMLA1 Page 2 of 8
EXPERIMENT 4
m=0 ; no modulation effect
m=1 ; the full modulation, the envelopes bordering the
modulating signal
just touch at their minimum values
m>1 ; overmodulation, the envelopes permeate each other,
modulation
distortion arises
PROCEDURES:
Part A
Part B
ECOMLA1 Page 3 of 8
EXPERIMENT 4
Em = Ec
AMDSBFC
OSCILLOSCOPE:
TRAPEZOIDAL PATTERN:
DSBFC
Carrier Signal
Lmax: ______________________
Amplitude: __________________ Lmin: ______________________
Frequency: __________________ m:
DSBSC ______________________
Lmax: ______________________
Amplitude: __________________ Lmin: ______________________
Frequency: __________________ m: ______________________
Amplitude: __________________
Frequency: __________________
AMDSBFC
OSCILLOSCOPE:
TRAPEZOIDAL PATTERN:
Page 4 of 8
ECOMLA1
EXPERIMENT 4
Em < Ec
DSBFC
Carrier Signal
Lmax: ______________________
Lmin: ______________________
Amplitude: __________________ m: ______________________
Frequency: __________________
Lmax: ______________________
Lmin: ______________________
Amplitude: __________________ m: ______________________
Frequency: __________________
Amplitude: __________________
Frequency: __________________
AMDSBFC
OSCILLOSCOPE:
TRAPEZOIDAL PATTERN:
Page 5 of 8
ECOMLA1
Carrier Signal EXPERIMENT 4
DSBSC
Modulating Signal (Tx)
Em > Ec
DSBFC
Amplitude: __________________
Frequency: __________________ Lmax: ______________________
Lmin: ______________________
m: ______________________
DSBSC
Amplitude: __________________
Frequency: __________________ Lmax: ______________________
Lmin: ______________________
AM Signal m: ______________________
Modulating Signal (Rx)
Amplitude: __________________
Frequency: __________________
QUESTIONS: ECOMLA1
EXPERIMENT 4 Page 6 of 8
1. What is the advantage of using the trapezoidal pattern to evaluate an AM
envelope?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
a. Em < Ec
b. Em = Ec
c. Em > Ec
d. Em = 0
ECOMLA1 Page 7 of 8
EXPERIMENT 4
CONCLUSION:
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
ECOMLA1 Page 8 of 8
EXPERIMENT 4