1

A
Project REPORT

ON

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

Submitted in the partial fulfilment for bachelor of technology degree
at
Rajasthan Technical University, Kota

(2016-17)

Submitted To: - Submitted By:-

Mr. ANSHUL BHATI SAURABH GEHLOT

Mr. Asad Zai khan B.TECH IV YEAR

Department of Electrical Engineering

VYAS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,

JODHPUR (Raj.)
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VYAS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

JODHPUR (RAJ.)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the student SAURABH GEHLOT of final year, have
successfully completed the project report on titled fire protection system
towards the partial fulfillment of the degree of Bachelors of Technology in the
Electrical Engineering of the Rajasthan Technical University during academic
year 2016-2017.

To the best of my knowledge ,the matter embodied in the project has not been
submitted to any other university /institute for the award of any degree or
diploma.

Date:

Project Guide Name Head of department

Mr.Asad Zai Mr.Manish Bhati

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I cant achieve worthwhile in the field of the technical education without testing
the theoretical knowledge acquired in classroom as it is effectively linked to the
practical approach. I am experiencing the same in the program.

It is not the brain that matter the most, but that which guide them: The
character, the heart, generous qualities and progressive force.

We would like to make a number of acknowledgements to those who have

helped us to prepare this project report.

The divine support given by our guides Ass. Prof. Anshul Bhati, Ass. Prof.
ASAD KHAN ZAE Department of Electrical Engineering, V.I.E.T, Jodhpur.

We are highly grateful to Ass.Prof. Manish Bhati (Head Department of

Electrical Engineering) for proving us this opportunity to carry out independent
study on this topic.

Last but not the least would like to extent my word of thanks to very co-
operative staff of VIET, Jodhpur both technical and non-technical direct and
indirect help.

We are also indebted thanks our parents for their valuable constant
encouragement.
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ABSTRACT

This fire protection report intends to provide sufficient information of

building fire detection ,heat measurement ,alarm system, and fire
extinguish system. this system is a high value life safty protection
system for industrial hazard. It is electronics ic based system using for
fire sensing and the protection control system. Speciality of this
project is that it is realiable, controlled water supply, and system
preset value is according to users.it is high control and user interface
to manage system in emergency situation.
We have installed system for manufacturing facilities ,steel,
automative and power generation industries .and also we have
installed this system for hazardous materials and flammable liquid
storage room like paint ,handicraft and many other industries.
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CONTENT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.3

ABSTRACT.4

NEED OF FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM6-7

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM CIRCUIT & ITS COMPONENT8-16

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM PROJECT MODEL &

ITS COMPONENTS17-18

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM WORKING..19

SKILL ACQUIRED & PROJECT ACHIEVEMENT20

BIBLOGRAPY.21
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NEED OF FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

Safety against Fire is a very important thing at work places as well as at homes.
Every year large numbers of people die due to Fire. Fire safety can easily be
ensured by having Fire Fighting Equipment and proper Fire Protection. The
statics are a proof of how much important Fire Protection is. The Importance
of Fire fighting Equipment is an indispensable one to ensure maximum
Protection against Fire. The Fire Fighting Equipment also ensures safety of the
Fire Fighters who risk their lives to save others.

Some Major Fire Fighting Equipment Are:

* Fire Extinguisher Fire Extinguisher is the primary need of any small or big
establishment. Every house should have sufficient numbers of Fire
Extinguishers to ensure Fire safety. There are different types of Fire
Extinguishers available in the market for different types of Fire.

FI

FIGURE1.1 FIRE EXTINGUISHER F

* Fire Alarms This is the first and most important thing to have a full proof
Fire Protection System. The Fire Alarms alert in cases of Fire and the loud Fire
Alarm leads one to the exact place where there has been the Fire.

FIGURE 1.2 FIRE ALARMS

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* Firefighting Blankets Firefighting Blankets are really helpful in preventing

the fire from spreading. The large Firefighting Blankets cover the fire and cut
off the oxygen supply and result in reducing or extinguishing the Fire.

FIGURE1.3 FIRE FIGHTING BLANKETS

* Fire Sprinklers The moment there is a Fire Alarm the Fire Sprinklers start
releasing and raining water with a constant pressure and force. Fire Sprinklers
have to have a constant water supply. It is a known fact that Fire Sprinklers
have effectively prevented major Fires in many cases.

FIGURE1.4 FIRE SPRINKLERS

* Fire Hose Fire Hose is a major necessity for fighting major Fires.
FireHose is a hose having high pressure and is made to carry water or a
Fireretardant like foam to extinguish Fire.

FIGURE 1.5 FIRE HOUSE

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FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM PROJECT CIRCUIT &

ITS COMPONENTS

CIRCUIT DIGRAM OF PROJECT

FIG:-2.1 CIRCUIT DIGRAM OF PROJECT

CIRCUIT COMPONENTS OF PROJECT

The circuit of ADVANCE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM is based on IC or

motor control circuit using for temperature detection and extinguish fire by
water use of this circuit system operation is realiable.so these following main
components are using in the project

1.IC CA3130 - It is excellent Op Amp that requires very low input current requirements.
Its output will be in the zero state in the off mode. CA3130 is the 15MHz BiMOS IC with
MOSFET inputs and a bipolar output. MOSFET transistors are present in the inputs that
provide very high input impedance. The input current can be as low as 10pA. The IC shows
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very high speed of performance and combines the advantage of both CMOS and bipolar
transistors. The presence of PMOS transistors at the inputs results in common mode input
voltage capacity down to 0.5 volts below the negative rail. So it is ideal in single supply
applications. The output has CMOS transistor pair that swings the output voltage within
10mV of either supply voltage terminal. IC CA3130 works off 5 to 16 volts and can be phase
compensated with a single external capacitor. It also has terminals to adjust the offset voltage
and strobing.Three ic are used for project for 3 control valve sytem.

figure 2.2 ic ca3130

2. IC 7806 :-

7806 is a voltage regulator integrated circuit. It is a member of 78xx series of fixed linear
voltage regulator ICs. The voltage source in a circuit may have fluctuations and would not
give the fixed voltage output. The voltage regulator IC maintains the output voltage at a
constant value. The xx in 78xx indicates the fixed output voltage it is designed to provide.
7806 provide +6V regulated power supply Capacitors of suitable values can be connected at
input and output pins depending upon the respective voltage levels.

figure2.3 ic 7806
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Pin Description:

Pin
Function Name
No.

1 Input voltage (5V-18V) Input

2 Ground (0V) Ground

3 Regulated output; 6V (5.75V-6.25V) Output

3.IC LM35 - LM35 is a precision IC temperature sensor with its output proportional to
the temperature (in oC). The sensor circuitry is sealed and therefore it is not subjected to
oxidation and other processes. With LM35, temperature can be measured more accurately
than with a thermistor. It also possess low self heating and does not cause more than 0.1 oC
temperature rise in still air.
The operating temperature range is from -55C to 150C. The output voltage varies by
10mV in response to every oC rise/fall in ambient temperature
i.e., its scale factor is 0.01V/ oC.

Pin No Function Name

1 Supply voltage; 5V (+35V to -2V) Vcc
2 Output voltage (+6V to -1V) Output
3 Ground (0V) Ground

FIGURE 2.4
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4. PC BORD - A printed circuit board (PCB) mechanically supports and electrically

connects electronic components using conductive tracks, pads and other features etched from
copper sheets laminated onto a non-conductive substrate. Components capacitors, resistors
or active devices are generally soldered on the PCB. Advanced PCBs may contain
components embedded in the substrate.
PCBs can be single sided (one copper layer), double sided (two copper layers) or multi-
layer (outer and inner layers). Conductors on different layers are connected with vias. Multi-
layer PCBs allow for much higher component density.

figure:2.5

5.NPN TRANSISTOR OPERATION OR RELAY SWITCH CIRCUIT - Relays are

electromechanical devices that use an electromagnet to operate a pair of movable contacts
from an open position to a closed position. The advantage of relays is that it takes a relatively
small amount of power to operate the relay coil, but the relay itself can be used to control
motors, heaters, lamps or AC circuits which themselves can draw a lot more electrical power.

A typical relay switch circuit has the coil driven by a NPN transistor switch, TR1 as shown
depending on the input voltage level. When the Base voltage of the transistor is zero (or
negative), the transistor is cut-off and acts as an open switch. In this condition no Collector
current flows and the relay coil is de-energised because being current devices, if no current
flows into the Base, then no current will flow through the relay coil.

If a large enough positive current is now driven into the Base to saturate the NPN transistor,
the current flowing from Base to Emitter (B to E) controls the larger relay coil current
flowing through the transistor from the Collector to Emitter.

For most bipolar switching transistors, the amount of relay coil current flowing into the
Collector would be somewhere between 50 to 800 times that of the required Base current to
drive the transistor into saturation.
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NPN Relay Switch Circuit

in order to prevent damage to the semiconductor transistor, a flywheel diode, also known
as a freewheeling diode, is connected across the relay coil. This flywheel diode clamps the
reverse voltage across the coil to about 0.7V dissipating the stored energy and protecting the
switching transistor. Flywheel diodes are only applicable when the supply is a polarized DC
voltage. An AC coil requires a different protection method, and for this an RC snubber used.
In project four relay are used where three relays are controlling water automatic valve
system or one relay are used for water moter or pump .moter relay also connect all
three relay for starting moter for any valve .

6. LED - In electronics, an LED circuit is an electrical circuit used to power a light-emitting

diode (LED). The circuit must provide sufficient current to light the LED at the required
brightness, but must limit the current to prevent damaging the LED. The voltage drop across
an LED is approximately constant over a wide range of operating current; therefore, a small
increase in applied voltage greatly increases the current. Very simple circuits are used for
low-power indicator LEDs. More complex, current source circuits are required when driving
high-power LEDs for illumination to achieve correct current regulation. The simplest circuit
to drive an LED consists of a voltage source and two components connected in series:
a current limiting resistor, sometimes called the ballast resistor, and an LED. Optionally, a
switch may be introduced to open and close the circuit. Although simple, this circuit is not
the most energy efficient circuit to drive an LED, since energy is lost in the resistor. More
complicated circuits improve the energy efficiency.
An LED has a voltage drop specified at the intended operating current. Ohm's
law and Kirchhoff's circuit laws are used to calculate the appropriate resistor value to obtain
the desired current. The value is computed by subtracting the LED voltage drop from the
supply voltage, and dividing by the desired operating current. If the supply voltage is equal to
the LED's voltage drop, no resistor is needed.
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This basic circuit is used in a wide range of applications, including many consumer
appliances such as mobile phone chargers. In project circuit 4 led with relay for showing
relay and control valve working

7. CAPACITOR - The capacitor is a two terminal electrical device used to store electrical
energy in the form of electric field between the two plates. It is also known as a condenser
and the SI unit of its capacitance measure is Farad F, where Farad is a large unit of
capacitance, so they are using microfarads (F) or nanofarads (nF) nowadays.

Whenever voltage is applied across its terminals, (Also known as charging of a capacitor)
current start to flow and continue to travel until the voltage across both the negative and
positive (Anode and Cathode) plates become equal to the voltage of the source (Applied
Voltage). These two plates are separated by a dielectric material (such as mice, paper, glass,
etc. which are insulators), which is used to increase the capacitance of the capacitor.
When we connect a charged capacitor across a small load, it starts to supply the voltage
(Stored energy) to that load until the capacitor fully discharges.
Capacitor comes in different shapes and their value is measured in farad (F). Capacitors are
used in both AC and DC systems (We will discuss it below).
In an AC circuit, capacitor reverses its charges as the current alternates and produces a
lagging voltage (in other words, capacitor provides leading current in AC circuits and
networks)

In a DC Circuit, the capacitor once charged with the applied voltage acts as an open switch.
IN project circuit. In circuit c1,c2,c3,c4 as shown circuit figure .

FIGURE 2.6 CAPACITOR

8 . RESISTOR - Resistors come under passive electronic components and are extensively
used in electronic circuits. So important are these components that it may be virtually
impossible to build an electronic circuit without involving resistors. Basically the function of
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a resistor is always to oppose the flow of current through it and the strength of this opposition
is termed as its resistance. German physicist, Sir G.S. Ohms was able to discover a definite
relationship between voltage, current and resistance. According to him a potential difference
or a voltage (V) across a resistor (R) is proportional to the instantaneous current (I) flowing
through it and is given as: V = R.I

Here R is the constant of proportionality and is known as the resistance of the resistor.

FIGURE 2.7 RESISTANCE

9. POWER SUPPLY
IN THIS PROJECT TWO SUPPLY ARE USED , PC BORD CIRCUIT SUPPLY DC BY
USING SMPS,

AC SUPPLY IS USED FOR WATER PUMP MOTER .

SMPS : -

D.C. to D.C. converters and D.C. to A.C. Converters belong to the category of Switched
Mode Power Supplies (SMPS). The various types of voltage regulators, used in Linear
Power Supplies (LPS), fall in the category of dissipative regulator, as they have a voltage
control element usually transistor or zener diode which dissipates power equal to the voltage
difference between an unregulated input voltage and a fixed supply voltage multiplied by the
current flowing through it. The switching regulator acts as a continuously variable power
converter and hence its efficiency is negligibly affected by the voltage difference. Hence the
switching regulator is also known as non-dissipative regulator. In a SMPS, the active device
that provides regulation is always operated in cut-off or in saturation mode.

The input D.C. Supply is chopped at a higher frequency around 15 to 50 kHz using an active
device like the BJT, power MOSFET or SCR and the converter transformer. Here the size of
the ferrite core reduces inversely with the frequency. The lower limit is around 5 kHz for
silent operation and an upper limit of 50 kHz to limit the losses in the choke and in active
switching elements. The transformed wave form is rectified and filtered. A sample of the
output voltage is used as the feedback signal for the drive circuit for the switching transistor
to achieve regulation.

In project, mobile charger is used as smps supply for pc board.

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10. valve control system

valve control system consist small dc moter , plastic water tap

connected with dc moter for opening & closing or control water flow process .

fig :- 2.8

11. alarm system

Alarm system consist a buzzer . sound buzzer is

connected at moter relay circuit ,when temperature inceses then relay
operates or moter circuit and any valve is on ,at that time moter is on or buzzer
start sound indicates fire protection system operate.

Figure :-2.9 buzzer

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12. pre seter A preset is a three legged electronic component which can be made
to offer varying resistance in a circuit. The resistance is varied by adjusting the rotary
control over it. The adjustment can be done by using a small screw driver or a similar
tool. The resistance does not vary linearly but rather varies in exponential or
logarithmic manner. Such variable resistors are commonly used for adjusting
sensitivity along with a sensor. The variable resistance is obtained across the single
terminal at front and one of the two other terminals. The two legs at back offer fixed
resistance which is divided by the front leg. So whenever only the back terminals are
used, a preset acts as a fixed resistor. Presets are specified by their fixed value
resistance.

figure :-2.10
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FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM PROJECT MODEL

& ITS COMPONENTS

FIGURE 3.1 PROJECT MODEL

THERE ARE FOLLOWING COMPONENTS ARE USED FOR MODEL OF FIRE

PROTECTION SYSTEM .

1. WOODEN STRUCTURE
For explaining the industrial fire protection
automatic system ,large wooden model structure is used according to
three water tap or valve arrangements.as shown figure.3.2 & 3.1

Figure : - 3.2 BASIC model Structure

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2. Sanitary work : - there are following components are used in sanitary

work .

(a) Pipe
In project model 5 feet inch pipe are used for water sprenkel system .

This pipe is cut according to water tap connected .three water tap connected
. as shown fig.3.3

Figure 3.3

(b)elbo :- In project model 1 plastic elbo is used for connect water

pump moter Pipe .

( c) tie :- in project model 3 tie are used for connect the water tap .

( d) socket :- in project model 1 socket is used at end of water pipe.

( e) clip :- in project model 5 clip are used to manage water pipe .

3.Model Protectiom - this project is protect by using mcell & paint at bottom
to protect ground part from water leakage .
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FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM PROJECT

WORKING

Advance fire protection system is a IC based protection system . IC LM35 is

a sensor IC. This IC sensing temperature, when the temperature is more the
pre set temperature .we can set sytem temperature (0 to 150 degree), lm35 ic
gives analog signal to pc board Circuit and led glow .and moter relay is on and
valve control system is operate. Water tap is on /off movement clockwise and
anticlockwise direction by small moter . and water flow on fire place. this
water flow till temperature is decrese at preset value then system is off .moter
is off or water tap(valve) is off .

FIG.PROJECT REPERSENTATION ON ENGINEERS DAY

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SKILLS ACQUIRED & PROJECT ACHIEVEMENT

In my project work duration , I acquired knowledge about fire

automation in industries and how fire protection system work in
industries. During this time I learnt about the ic based automation
system. I got some information about fire estinguish system and hoe
we work on it.

So the knowledge that I got during my project is helpful in future for

employment.

ACHIEVEMENTS OF PROJECT - THIS Project IS 1ST in in viet on

occasion of engineers day .
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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. www.wikipedia.com

2. www.science .com

3. www.Automation.com

4. www.engineer garage.com

5. www.electronicstutorials.com