Migration:

- Majority of the people living in the area are migrants and not
people native to the area; migrated due to cheap housing and
in search of employment

- But we came mostly across natives: because migrants are

mostly people who work as day laborers, at homes and so it is
okay to assume they aren't there at that time

- Most frequent ones from long list are Kasur, Okara,

Pakpattan, Lodhran, Narowal, Layya, Multan, Bahawalnagar,

Dopalpur, Sahiwal

- Kasur, Okara and Pakpattan stood out as the most frequently

mentioned areas of migration when we asked for ballpark answers

- The geography of poverty: Evidence from the Punjab

2008 paper confirms these to be the areas with high
incidence and severity of poverty

- Reasons for going back are weddings, funerals

- The chart is showing the pattern of our own respondents: put in

chart
Labor Supply:

- Common form of employment is small businesses. But these

dont employ people hence do not constitute demand for
labor
- Small businesses arent big enough to employ people
o Rent for shops is around 5000 Rs. on average
o According to most accounts, rents starts from 4000 and
can go up to 7000
o
- Informal labor is common
o Most migrants work as day laborers, or at peoples
homes
- The average number of hours worked per week turned
out to be 64.75 on average for our sample, larger than 52.63
(for Punjabs urban population; according to Pakistans
employment trends statistics posted by the Pakistan
Bureau of Statistics
- Insert chart for average number of hours worked per day per
occupation
- Talk about the division between local natives vs.
migrants
- For males the most common jobs were:
o Day laborer
o Shop owners: non-exhaustive list meat shop,
bartan etc
Khokhas
Fruits/ vegetable shop
Cobbler
Laundry
Barbershop
o Cloth factories: kind of jobs skilled versus
unskilled? Their wages?
- Females mostly involved in :
o Working at affluent homes in JT
 - Children:
o Education trend slowly picking up
o Contradictory information regarding the school
o Some said expensive, others said affordable
o Imam said not much being done for education: only one
school, the politicians have no policy
o Thus, a large number of children primarily those of
migrants: worked as domestic workers

Remittances:

- Generally people did not know of cases with remittances

- Found one shopkeeper whose brothers are working in

Afghanistan and Gwadar

- In construction

- Able to earn around 40,000 PKR per month: some they send
back

- Brokers who took a commission

Poverty Headcount:

- Using the latest HIES 2013-14, the governments official

cbnp poverty line is 3030 Rs. per adult equivalent per month
- 29.5% of total Pakistan, and 18.2% of urban are below the
poverty line
- Stats taken from Chapter 16 of Pakistan Economic Survey
2015-16
 - Adult equivalent family members calculated using given
formula: insert formula
- Using this method, 5 out of the 26 households in our sample
had monthly expenditure per adult equivalent less than 3030
- Surprisingly close number of 19.2%

Barriers:

- No major opportunities in the area: only small shops

- Advertisements on walls: for clerical jobs mostly
- But those require education, at least up to metric or FA
- References are also needed
- Lack of resources:
o Huge amounts of commission by middle men
o Property dealers could not carry out profitable deals
without having a lot of resources
- Attitudes: dont want to change much. A little fatalist.

Alternative perspectives:

- Delivery person:
o Confirmed our findings about occupations, migrants,
average monthly wages, average rents of residential
and commercial buildings and role of local politicians
- Imam:
o Holistic historical perspective
o Ancestral ownership
o Evolution of the area
o Lack of social policy
o Confirmed findings about occupations, migrants,
average monthly wages, average rents of residential
and commercial buildings and role of local politicians
o But said that the politicians have not focused much on
the area and have moved out to the Expo center area
since many years