Smart Car Parking System Using GSM Technology

IDL - International Digital Library Of
Technology & Research

Volume 1, Issue 5, May 2017 Available at: www.dbpublications.org
International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017
Smart Car Parking system using GSM Technology

S Suresh Kumar1B.E., M.Th., (Ph.D.)Dilip S2Kumuda S3 Manu M4Govindraju A5
1
( Assistant professor, Department of CSE, VKIT, Bengaluru, sureshkatte89@gmail.com)
2
(B.E Student, Department of CSE, VKIT, Bengaluru, dilipkumar125@gmail.com)
3
(B.E Student, Department of CSE, VKIT, Bengaluru, kumudagowda.29@gmail.com)
4
(B.E Student, Department of CSE, VKIT, Bengaluru,manums4u007@gmail.com)
5
(B.E Student, Department of CSE, VKIT, Bengaluru, rajugowda1996@gmail.com)
Abstract In this paper, we present PGS, a Parking solution can greatly benefit both the user and the lot owner.
Guidance System based on wireless sensor This paper proposes a smart parking system to solve the
network(WSN) which guides a driver to an available problem of unnecessary time consumption in finding parking
parking lot. The system consists of a WSN based VDS spot in car park areas. A parking reservation system is
(vehicle detection sub-system) and a management developed in such a way that users book their parking spots
subsystem. The WSN based VDS gathers information on through short message services (SMS) or by application. The
the availability of each parking lot and the management SMS sent will be processed by PIC microcontroller. This
sub-system processes the information and refines them microcontroller will reply the confirmation of booking by
and guides the driver to the available parking lot by giving the details of reservation like password and lot
controlling a VMS (Variable Messaging System). The number. The password will be used to enter the parking area
paper describes the overall system architecture of PGS and valid for a certain period of time. The system is fully
from the hardware platform to the application software automated with the use of the Peripheral Interface Controller
in the view point of a WSN. We implemented the WSN (PIC). This microcontroller is capable in storing information
based VDS of PGS and experimented on the system with of empty parking spaces; provide passwords as well as
several kinds of cars. allowing or denying access to the parking area. When a car
arrives at the door the microcontroller receives the signal
KeywordsWSN, VDS, Parking Guidance System. from the entry sensors and then checks whether there is a
capacity of cars to be accommodated. Simultaneously it will
also display the number of cars present in the parking lot on a
I. INTRODUCTION LCD screen and also opens the gate. When a car moves out
of the parking area the microcontroller reduces the count
Smart Parking is one of the most adopted and fastest displayed accordingly and also closes the gate. A prototype
growing Smart City Solutions across the world. Airports, of a car park system has been designed to demonstrate the
universities, shopping centers and city garages are just a few capability of the proposed work. The demonstration has
entities that have begun to realize the significant benefits of proven the capability of the system to reserve the parking,
automated parking technology. The ability to connect, gain entry to the parking area and hence eliminates the hassle
analyze and automate data gathered from devices, powered of searching empty parking slots.
by and described as the Internet of Things, is what makes
smart parking possible. Smart Parking involves the use of
low cost sensors, real-time data and applications that allow II. EXISTING SYSTEM
users to monitor available and unavailable parking spots. The
goal is to automate and decrease time spent manually
Recent increase in the growth of automotive
searching for the optimal parking floor, spot and even lot.
industry coupled with the perpetual demand of commuters
Some solutions will encompass a complete suite of services
urged the need for better and smarter parking mechanisms.
such as online payments, parking time notifications and even
Studies have estimated that on a daily basis 30% of traffic in
car searching functionalities for very large lots. A parking
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the downtown area of major cities is due to cruising for Revenue leakages causes loss to lot owners.
parking spots and result in traffic congestion. Most of the
existing parking management systems rarely address the
issues of parking space management, vehicle guidance,
parking lot reservation etc. III. LITERATURE SURVEY
The major parking lot problems like Difficulty in
Finding Vacant Spaces Quickly, finding a vacant space in a Various methods are prevalent for development of
multilevel parking lot is autonomous or intelligent parking systems. Study of these
difficult if not impossible, systems shows that these require a little or more human
especially on weekends or intervention for the functioning. One of the intelligent
public holidays. Finding systems for car parking has been proposed by making use of
spaces during weekends or Image processing. In this system, a brown rounded image on
public holidays can take the parking slot is captured and processed to detect the free
more than 10 minutes for parking slot. The information about the currently available
about 66% of visitors. parking slots is displayed on the 7-segment display. Initially,
Stadiums or shopping malls the image of parking slots with brown-rounded image is
are crowded at peak taken. The image is segmented to create binary images. The
periods, and difficulty in noise is removed from this image and the object boundaries
finding vacant slots at these are traced. The image detection module determines which
places is a major problem objects are round, by estimating each objects area and
for customers. Insufficient perimeter. Accordingly, the free parking space is allocated.
car park spaces lead to A vision based car parking system is developed which uses
traffic congestion and driver two types of images (positive and negative) to detect free
frustration. If a car is parked parking slot. In this method, the object classifier detects the
in such a way that it required object within the input. Positive images contain the
occupies two parking slots images of cars from various angles. Negative images do not
rather than one, this is contain any specified are used as input to detect the presence
called improper parking of cars in the region. Haar-like features are used for feature
,.Improper parking can detection. However, limitations may occur with this system
happen when a driver is not careful about another drivers with respect to the type of camera used. Also, the co-ordinate
rights and there is a chances of revenue leakage and results in system used selects specific parking locations and thus
loss to parking lot owners. camera has to be at a fixed location. Limited set of positive
and negative images may impose limitations on the system.
Fig.1 Existing Number Plate Recognition technique for developing
system autonomous car parking system uses image processing basis
to process the number plates of the vehicles. In this system,
the image of the license number plate of the vehicle is
The limitations of
acquired. It is further segmented to obtain individual
existing systems are characters in the number plate. Ultrasonic sensors are used to
Manipulation of detect free parking slots. Then the images of number plate
bills, Poor guidance are taken and analysed. Simultaneously, the current timing is
for parking a noted so as to calculate the parking fees. The LCD displays
customers vehicle, FULL sign to indicate that a parking spot is not available.
Time consuming, However, some limitations with the system include
background colour being compulsorily black and character
Insufficient parking lots
colour white. Also, analysis is limited to number plates with
leads to traffic just one row. Smart Parking system designed proposed a
congestion, Fuel loss and mechanical model with an image processing facility. The car
would be parked with the use of lift at multiple levels. Also,
image processing is used to capture the number plate and


store in database for comparison to avoid illegal car entry. for parking which will be calculated automatically depends
Thus, we aim to propose a car parking system that represents on parking area and time.
a fully automated model with minimum human intervention
and overcome the limitations of existing systems. TECHNOLOGY INVOLVED:
IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM Project Smart car Parking

System using GSM
This paper proposes a Smart Parking System using
GSM Technologywhich provides advanced features like Micro controller AT89C52
remote parking monitoring, automated guidance, and parking
reservation mechanism. The paper describes the overall Controller Type 8 Bit controller
system architecture of SPARK from hardware to software
implementation in the view point of sensor networks. We Software Platform Micro-Vision Keil
implemented a full-fledged prototype system for parking 3.0 IDE
management to realize the design functionalities and features
Protocol used I2C, UART (RS232)
mentioned. Here we use IR sensors for monitoring and
displaying the status of car parking in LCD. If anyone want Table 1: requirements for the system
to reserve parking slot by sending SMS to parking area or by
using android application, in the parking area GSM modem The features of proposed work are Provision for reserving a
gets the message and fed to microcontroller using UART parking slot, Fast and easier method to book a parking slot,
communication. The PIC microcontroller processes the Automatically cancellation of the reservation after certain
requested message and it will check the availability of space time (2Min), User-friendly interaction system Avoids
revenue leakage, More Secure and safe ,Wireless interface
in parking area using IR sensor. If the parking slot available
between the customers and the System, Dedicated RTC,
means the microcontroller replies with slot number, EEPROM hardwares for better performance and accuracy,
password and time to be arrival to parking area else Cost effective, Secured transaction using Q-R code and
controller replies unavailable status to requested mobile Efficient way of guiding.
number using GSM technology.
We are using Q-R code generation algorithm to V. SYSTEM DESIGN
generate Q-R codes. When customers confirm their booking System design is the process of defining the
of parking lots, a unique Q-R code is generated and send architecture, components, modules, interfaces, and data for a
tocustomers over the internet. This Q-R code will be used as system to satisfy specified requirements. Systems design
token or ticket to enter parking lot. At car parking lots there could be seen as the application of systems theory to product
will be a Q-R code scanner which is used to scan customers development. Designmust be set by the project management
Q-R code, if the Q-R code is valid then only customer can to coordinate the collective efforts of the team. System
enter into parking lot area. design includes System Architecture.A system architecture is
In this paper we are also proposing automated gate control the conceptual model that defines the structure, behavior, and
system and E-wallet. Automated gate control system helps in more views of a system.
reducing human effort and the gate will open only after
verifying the Q-R code, if it is valid then only gate open, this
results in more secure and safe parking systems. E-
wallet option is used for payment methods. E-wallet option
made payment methods easier and it provides bidding option
so that the customers can bid their required parking areas, in
weekends or public holidays when there is more number of
vehicles in the areas like shopping malls, stadium etc., this
results in easy and fast booking of parking lots. After the
booking of parking lots, amount to be paid by the customer


64 Kbyte address space; it can also be hidden from the
program counter and used as an independent EEPROM-like
Power
Supply
data memory. In addition to the 72 Kbyte of EEPROM
program memory on-chip and 1024 x8 bits of on-chip RAM,
the devices can address up to 64 Kbyte of external program
memory and up to 64 Kbyte of external RAM. The flash
memory blocks can be programmed via a standard 87C5x
S OTP EPROM programmer fitted with a special adapter and
the firmware for SSTs devices. During power-on reset, the
S devices can be configured as either a slave to an external host
for source code storage or a master to an external host
T for an in-application programming (IAP) operation. The
IR Transmitter IR Receiver
1 1 8 devices are designed to be programmed in system and in-
application on the printed circuit board for maximum
LCD Module
9 flexibility. The devices are pre-programmed with an example
IR Transmitter IR Receiver of the bootstrap loader in the memory, demonstrating the
2 2 E initial user program code loading or subsequent user code
GSM updating via the IAP operation. The sample bootstrap loader
5 modem
is available for the users reference and convenience only;
IR Transmitter IR Receiver 1 SST does not guarantee its functionality or usefulness. Chip-
3 3 Erase or Block-Erase operations will erase the pre-
6 programmed sample code. This microcontroller is act as
Driver central processing, it receives the information from IR
R sensors and update the parking areas status and sent over
RTC Circuit
D internet to user by using GSM.
2 B.The Multipurpose Infrared Sensors: These are

Gate
used for obstacle sensing, color detection (between basic
Model
contrasting colors), fire detection, line sensing, etc. and also
as an encoder sensor. The sensor provides a digital and an
analog output. The sensor outputs a logic one (+5V) at the
Fig.2 Block Diagram of Smart car parking System digital output when an object is placed in front of the sensor
and a logic zero (0V), when there is no object in front of the
Fig.2 shows the block diagram of smart car parking sensor. An onboard LED is used to indicate the presence of
system. The major components used in this system are as an object. The sensor outputs an analog voltage between 0V
follows and 5V, corresponding the distance between the sensor and
A. The SST89E516RD2microcontroller: it is a 8- the object at the analog output. The analog output can be
bit microcontroller products designed and manufactured with hooked to an ADC to get the approximate distance of the
SSTs patented and proprietary Super Flash CMOS object from the sensor. IR sensors are highly susceptible to
semiconductor process technology. The split-gate cell design ambient light and the IR sensor on this sensor is suitably
and thick-oxide tunnelling injector offer significant cost and covered to reduce effect of ambient light on the sensor. The
reliability benefits for SSTs customers. The devices use the sensors Operating voltage: 3 to 9V (Range maximum for
8051 instruction set and are pin-for-pin compatible with 9V).
standard 8051 microcontroller devices. The devices come The sensor has a simple 4 pin interface > +V(5V),
with 72 Kbyte of on-chip flash EEPROM program memory Gnd, Digital Out and Analog Out. The sensor can operate
which is partitioned into 2 independent program memory within an operating voltage of 4 to 9V. The input power
blocks. The primary Block 0 occupies 64 Kbyte of internal should be provided to the +V (Vcc) and the Gnd pin. The
program memory space and the secondary Block 1 occupies digital output of the sensor is provided on the third pin
8 Kbyte of internal program memory space. The 8-KByte Dout. The analog output of the sensor is provided on the
secondary block can be mapped to the lowest location of the third pin Aout. Once the sensor is powered up, you will


have to calibrate the sensor for the specific environment it term is often used, for example, for a specialized integrated
will be used in. To calibrate the sensor, you will have to set circuit that controls high-power switches in switched-
the potentiometer by turning its knob by hand or a screw mode power converters. An amplifier can also be considered
driver. You will have to power the sensor and rotate the knob a driver for loudspeakers, or a constant voltage circuit that
of the potentiometer until the output of the sensor changes keeps an attached component operating within a broad range
from high to low. It is mainly used here for detection of of input voltages.
approach or moving out of vehicle.
H. Gate Model: The automaticgate model is used
C.RTC: A real time clock(RTC)is for automatic functioning of gate which reduces drivers or
a computer clock that keeps track of the car parking lots employees effort in opening and closing of
current time.Although the term often refers to the devices gates.
in personal computers, servers and embedded VI. WORKING OF SMART CAR PARKING
systems, RTCs are present in almost any electronic device SYSTEM
which needs to keep accurate time. The term real-time
clock is used to avoid confusion with ordinary hardware The steps involved in Smart Car Parking system are
as follows:
clocks which are only signals that govern digital A.User registration: To Book a slot for parking,
electronics, and do not count time in human units. RTC first user must register their details like name of the user,
should not be confused with real-time computing, which carnumber etc. by using android application.
shares its three-letter acronym but does not directly relate
to time of day. B.Select nearest parking slot: After registering
user details new window will be opened automatically so that
D.Power Supply: A regulated power supply is very
we can select nearest parking area and check the availability
much essential for several electronic devices due to the
status of that parking area.
semiconductor material employed in them have a fixed rate
of current as well as voltage. The device may get damaged if
there is any deviation from the fixed rate. The AC power
supply gets converted into constant DC by this circuit. By the
help of a voltage regulator DC, unregulated output will be
fixed to a constant voltage. The circuit is made up of linear
voltage regulator 7805 along with capacitors and resistors
with bridge rectifier made up from diodes. From giving an
unchanging voltage supply to building confident that output
reaches uninterrupted to the appliance, the diodes along with
capacitors handle elevated efficient signal conveyal.
E.LCD Module: The Liquid Crystal Display
System Display(LCD)uses technology called electro-
optical modulation. This means it uses electricity to
change how much light passes through it. In this work it is
used to display required information like available slots,
filled slots, total number of slots etc.
F.GSM Modem: SIM300 is a Tri-band Fig.3 User Interface for registration
GSM/GPRS engine that works on frequencies EGSM 900
MHz, DCS 1800 MHz and PCS 1900 MHz..It provides
internet connectivity and used to send or messages.
G.Driver Circuit: Driver Circuit is used to regulate
current flowing through a circuit or to control other factors
such as other components, some devices in the circuit. The

Fig.6 Vehicle sensing by IR sensors
(a) (b)
Fig.7 Updated parking area status
Fig.4 (a) nearest parking places. (b) parking areas availability
status. F.Payment:When user is leaving parking slot he/she must
scan the same Q-R code which they used for enter to go out
C.Confirmation of booking: Once user selects also. After scanning Q-R code automatically cost will be
particular parking slot, he/she get the confirmation of calculated and displayed on users interface. The amount to
booking in the form of Q-R code. be paid can be collected manually or by online transaction.
Once user left the parking area the updated information about
D. Verification of Q-R code:The received Q-R code is parking area will be displayed on LCD.
used for verification in parking area. after verifying the Q-R
code, if it is valid then only users can park their cars. VII. OBSERVATION AND DISCUSSION
D. Vehicle sensing:After verifying the Q-R code, if it is The rapid growth in the number of vehicles worldwide is
valid, customer is allowed to park their cars, when users car intensifying the problem of the scarcity of parking space.
approaches near parking slot it will be sensed by the IR gain according to industrydata, 30% of traffic congestion
sensors and send updated information to processing unit. occurs due to vehicle drivers struggling to find parking
Space. These in turn are magnifying the necessity ofsmart
E. Updating the Parking area status: after parking and efficient parking systems. Todays intelligent parking
cars in a respective slot, the information will be updated by management systems are capable of providing extreme level
central processing system so that the number of available of convenience
slots will be decreased and information about parking areas to the drivers, as well as simplifying and automating the
status will be displayed on LCD display. business operation and administrative functions of the
parking site owners.
Fig.5 Scanning of Q-R code for verification
A. Emerging Trends in Parking:


Following are the trends having the greatest effect on and upcoming smart city projects worldwide willcreate room
Parking Industry for the intelligent parking management systems. The global
parking management industry is expected to grow at a
CompoundAnnual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 11.4% from
2014 to 2019.
The parking management market is estimated to be at
$5,025.9 million in 2014. The market is expected to grow in
tandem with the growthin vehicle ownerships and parking
facilities development. Need for smooth traffic flow,
business benefits to the parking site operators, anddecreasing
hardware and connectivity costs are the key drivers for the
parking management industry.
Traffic congestion and gasoline prices leads the list for the
major societal changes having significantinfluence on
parking.
Fig.9Factors influencing Parking system
The high growth rate in the registration of new cars

worldwide, with major boom from regional economies such
as Asia Pacific (APAC), willopen the window of
opportunities for parking management business. The ongoing
and upcoming smart city projects worldwide will createroom
for the intelligent parking management systems. The global
parking management industry is expected to grow at a
Compound AnnualGrowth Rate (CAGR) of 11.4% from
2014 to 2019.The parking management market is estimated
to be at $5,025.9 million in 2014. The market is expected to
Fig.8Trends in parking grow in tandem with thegrowth in vehicle ownerships and
parking facilities development. Need for smooth traffic flow,
The high growth rate in the registration of new cars business benefits to the parkingsite operators, and decreasing
worldwide, with major boom from regional economies such hardware and connectivity costs are the key drivers for the
as Asia Pacific (APAC), willopen the window of parking management industry.
opportunities for parking management business. The ongoing
B. Challenges and major pain points:
The major challenge in Parking Systems is of
system integration due to wide variety of hardware and
software platforms involved and hencepossess a great threat
or concern to the system scalability.The technology platform
supporting P&E, PARC and PUCRS systems comprises of a
myriad of hardware sensors, dynamic messagingsystems and
traffic control devices, wireless and wireline
telecommunications systems, computer clients and servers
and hardware driversand application interfaces.Enabling all
these devices from thousands of different vendors to
communicate and tying them together into one platform is
the greatestchallenge in reducing the cost and complexity of
smart parking. The variety of infrastructure hardware and
software systems that need to be


integrated is enormous and add to it the conventional older
hardware making investment in Smart Parking solution
highly risky andfragmented.
Another major pain point comes from the electronic payment
vendors. These payment processors provide permit based
electronicpayment, typically for a convenience fee. The key
to many of these hosted solutions is scalability, the ability of
the transaction processorto support over wide geographical,
market and service areas, with minimal cost.
VIII. GSM ARCHITECTURE

The basic architecture of different cellular standards is
thesame, their individual components and configuration may
differ drastically. Basic components of GSM include Base
transceiver station (BTS), base station controller, mobile
switching control (MSC) and the variety of registers and
Fig 10.GSM Architecture
network management systems.The mobile station comprises
mobile equipment and a subscriber identity module (SIM) Network management is used to monitor and control the
security and authentication or subscriber. The BTS and BSC major elements of the GSM network. In particular, it monitors
together constitute the base station subsystem (BSS) and and reports faults and performance data besides helping in
perform all the functions related to the radio channel for reconfiguration of network. GSM also defines several
interfaces which include the radio interface, the interface
speech data signaling and frequency hopping control and
between MSC and BSC, the interface for external data device
power level control. The MSC, VLR and HLR are concerned and signaling interface which allows roaming between
with mobility management functions these includes different GSM networks.
authentication and registration of a mobile customers,
location updating call setup and release.The HLR is the
master subscriber database and carrier information about
IX. RESULTS
individual subscriber numbers. Subscription levels, call
This paper proposes a system that helps users
restrictions supplementary services and the most recent
automatically find a free parking space at the least cost based
location of subscriber. The VLR acts as a temporary on new performance metrics to calculate the user parking cost
subscriber database for all subscribers and contains similar by considering the time in each car park. This cost will be
information as that in HLR.VLR obviates a need of the MCS used to offer a solution of finding an available parking space
to access the HLR for energy transaction. The authentication upon a request by the user and a solution of suggesting a new
Centre (AUC) works close with HLR and provides the car park if the current car park is full. The simulation results
information to authenticator show that the algorithm helps improve the probability of
successful parking and minimizes the user waiting time. We
all cells in order to guard against fraud. The equipment
also successfully implemented the proposed system in the real
identity register (EIR) is used for equipment security and
world.
validation of different types of mobile equipment.


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