Pengertian Passive Voice

Passive voice is a type of sentence or clause in which the subject receives the action of the verb.
Passive voice adalah jenis kalimat atau klausa di mana subjek menerima tindakan dari kata kerja.
Pada passive voice, subject kalimat tidak melakukan suatu tindakan/aksi melainkan subject menerima
tindakan. Berbeda dengan kalimat aktif, dimana subjek bertindak sebagai pelaku tindakan. Active
voice dapat diubah bentuk menjadi passive voice namun hanya berlaku pada kalimat dengan transitive
verbs. Transitive verbs adalah kata kerja yang diikuti direct object.

Rumus dasar passive voice

Untuk membuat passive voice, rumus dasar yang harus kita gunakan adalah

subject + auxiliary verb + verb 3.

Auxiliary verb yang akan kita gunakan untuk membuat passive voice bisa berupa primary auxiliary
verb (is, am, are, were, was, be, been dan being) atau bisa juga berupa kombinasi antara 2 primary (will
be, have been dan perpaduan primary lainnya).

Selain harus menggunakan auxiliary verb, passive voice juga hanya bisa dibuat bila kalimatnya
menggunakan kata kerja transitif (kata kerja yang bisa menggunakan obyek). Contoh kata kerja transitif
misalnya membaca, membuang, memasak, membeli dan merobek.

Membuat passive voice dengan tenses

Agar kita bisa mempelajari passive voice yang diaplikasikan langsung dengan penggunaan tenses,
maka kita harus menyimak informasi mengenai rumus passive voice dalam 16 tenses berikut ini :

No Tenses Active Voice (contoh kalimat) Passive Voice (contoh kalimat)

1 Simple Present Tense S + V1 + O S + to be (am, are, is) + V3 + by + O

My mother always cleans the floor The floor is always cleaned by my

every morning. mother every morning

2 Present Continuous S + to be (am, are, is) + V1-ing + O S + to be (am, are, is) + being + V3 +
Tense by + O

They are making a rainbow cake A rainbow cake is being made by

now. them now

3 Present Perfect Tense S + to be (am, are, is) + being + V3 S + have/has + been + V3 + by + O

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+ by + O

The manager has interviewed some Some candidates have been

candidates interviewed by the manager.

4 Present Perfect S + have/has + been + V1-ing + O S + have/has + been + being + V3 +

Continuous Tense by + O

Many people have been speaking English has been being spoken by
English many people

5 Simple Past Tense S + V2 + O S + to be (was, were) + V3 + by + O

Fadhila watched the movie in the The movie was watched by Fadhila in
theatre last night. the theatre last night.

6 Past Continuous S + to be (was, were) + V1-ing + O S + to be (was, were) + being + V3 +

Tense by + O

She was buying some books last Some books were being bought by her
night. last night.

7 Past Perfect Tense S + had not + V3 + O S + had + been + V3 + by + O

Carroll had made a good A good decision had been made by

decision to leave Liverpool. Carroll to leave Liverpool.

8 Past Perfect S + had + been + V1-ing + O S + had + been + being + V3 + by + O

Continuous Tense

She had been watering this plant. This plant had been being watered by
her.

9 Simple Future Tense S + will not + V1 + O S + will be + V3 + by + O

The farmers are going to harvest The crops are going to be harvested
the crops next week by the farmers next week.

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10 Future Continuous S + will + be + V1-ing + O S + will + be + being + V3 + by + O

Tense

He will be meeting them. They will be being met by him.

11 Future Perfect Tense S + will + have + V3 + O S + will + have + been + V3 + by + O

She will have watered this plant This plant will have been watered by
before I get here this afternoon. her before I get here this afternoon.

12 Future Perfect S + will + have + been + V1-ing + S + will + have + been + V1-ing + O
Continuous Tense O

She will have been watering this This plant will have been being
plant. watered by her.

13 Past Future Tense S + would + V1 + O S + would + be + V3 + by + O

We would buy a dictionary A dictionary would be bought by us

14 Past Future S + would + be + V1-ing + O S + would + be + being + V3 + by +

Continuous Tense O

She would be listening to the music The music would be being listened by
when the phone rang her when the phone rang

15 Past Future Perfect S + would + have + V3 + O S + would + have + been + V3 + by +

Tense O

Many people would have spoken English would have been spoken by
English many people

16 Past Future Perfect S + would + have + been + V1-ing S + would + have + been +being + V3
Continuous Tense +O + by + O

He would be meeting them. They would be being met by him.

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Pengecualian pada beberapa kata kerja transitif

Beberapa kata kerja transitif dalam bahasa Inggris ternyata tidak bisa diubah ke dalam bentuk passive
voice. Kata kerja transitif seperti have, look, like, become, mean dan beberapa kata kerja transitif
lainnya akan terasa aneh bila diubah ke dalam bentuk passive voice. Misalnya :

The candy contains aspartame.

tidak dapat dipasifkan menjadi : Aspartame is contained by the candy.

Jadi, kita harus lebih teliti menggunakan kata kerja transitif sebelum mengubahnya ke bentuk passive
voice. Nah, sekarang kita pasti lebih memahami aturan penggunaan passive voice dalam bahasa
Inggris. Jika kita berhasil menguasai aturan active voice dan passive voice, belajar bahasa Inggris
diharapkan akan terasa makin mudah dan menyenangkan. Selamat belajar bahasa Inggris !

Latihan

Make these sentences into passive!

1. Julia has recued three cats.

2. The students will receive the reports.

3. Maria drove the blue car.

4. Alex learned the poem.

5. Steven has forgotten the book.

6. The maid has not wined the windows.

7. They are playing smack ball.

8. Sue puts the ransack on the floor.

9. The girl has lost her keys.

10. The teacher is not going to open the window.

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