Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
- Therefore, physical
Primitive Survival of the fittest Hunting activities were already
Tilling of soil performed before
Fishing through hunting and
food gatherer fishing because the
philosophy of the
primitive times is
survival of the fittest.
- It is interesting to note
that another important
part of mans social-
recreational heritage
dates back to
prehistoric times.
Games of chance - Competitive sports
Historic People Survival of the fittest Games of dexterity and skill were important in the
Archery religious life of historic
Snow snake peoples, and contests
Hoop &pole (chunkee) that pitted one villages
Ring & pin athlete against
another.
Childrens game
Game animals
Cultivate cereals
Female was limited to household duties
Basketry
Pottery
Weaving
1
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activitiesof clothing,
Manufacturing Luminaries Reflection
footgear and kitchen utensils.
Running races (useful for
couriers)
Religion (ceremonial dance)
2
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities Luminaries Reflection
the adult and in
conflict with religious
ideals.
India is well known as the native place of -The caste system was
India Caste- System Yoga. introduced during 500 B.C.
The presence of the
Yoga - Isometric form of exercise untouchables is
A meditation of mental considered defilement to
discipline all castes.
- Directed along 3 distinct lines -Since the early 1900s the
Physical untouchables have waged
Mental a vigorous fight for social
Spiritual recognition and have
Polo gained considerable
Wrestling ground.
Ball games
-Yoga is one of the famous
Physical education is strongly influenced s activity in India and is still
by their religious belief. practiced throughout the
They focus on spiritual needs, not the world.
3
Period of Philosophy of P.E. needs of the bodyActivities
and worldly things. Luminaries Reflection
Throwing
Tumbling
Chariot races
Riding elephant sand horses
Playing marbles
Swordsmanship
Dancing
Wrestling and footraces
conditioning and
recreational programs for
adults.
-Plato reduced dances to
three classes: military
dance, domestic dance
and mediatorial dance.
5
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities Luminaries Reflection
-Spartans have been
criticized for
overemphasizing physical
and military education and
not providing intellectual
instruction.
boxing -The education of the
Athens Mecca of Intellectual Wrestling Athenian youth is that,
and Artistic Life Pankration boys were educated by the
Running state while girls were not
Jumping for the reason that women
had few rights in
Discuss & javelin throwing
republican Athens.
Swimming
-The Athenian enthusiasm
Practiced gesticulation for physical education was
Served as warm up activity at its peak during the sixth
and into the first half of the
Episkuros - a favorite game among fifth century B.C.
Greek youths
- Gymnastics
7
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities Luminaries Reflection
Roman Women
Plebian girl trained in
household chores by mother
Patrician girl educated at
home by a slave
-music and dancing
-play and sing with lyre
and lute
Physical/Military Education
Campus Maritius - assembly
point for men for conduct military exercises
-served as site of festival and Games
Barbaric in Nature - Physical activities
Middle Ages Feudalistic Society - Hunters Charles Martel implemented were generally made
- Warriors the system of part of the formal
Physical Education Vassalage device education system and
- Hunting recreational activities
- Falconry played a vital role
- Musicians during this period.
9
Period of Philosophy of P.E. -Dancing Activities Luminaries - Reflection
Nobles and peasants
-Entertainers (jongleurs, rope dancers/ enjoyed the sports and
tight rope performers) games
- Acrobats - Torch dance was
Sports and Games sometimes performed
- Wrestling at weddings: each
- Foot races dancer carried a
- Ball games lighted taper and
- High and broad jumping attempted to blow out
- Tennis the light of his
Education for knighthood. neighbor.
- At an early age serve as page in the
castle.
RENNAISANCE The birth of The Humanistic Educational Method John Wycliffe -english Gymnastics was faithfully
Nationalism European scholars knew only two languages: Theologian, preached the included in their
- Artistic Greek and Latin. doctrine of domain educational programs for
10
Period of Philosophy
expressionofofP.E. Activities Luminaries
Berthold Schwartz, a German the sonsReflection
of the nobility and
thought of human Quick exercises: Monk developed a wealthy merchants.
affairs. Running practical explosive, led to
Sparring the invention of firearms.
Punchball Quintillan - most famous work
Ball play was a series of
Rolling on the ground declamations called the
Institutes of Oratory
Arm and legs movements
- Believed that the the
Running in a circle
childs first impressions are
Jump-straddle-hop the lasting ones
Kicking legs back and forth - Opposed to corporal
Marching toes while swinging the arms punishment for laggards.
Everything for the Exercise and play Jean JaquesRousseu (1712- Educational Reform in
The Era of people but anointing Games - manual arts and direct 1778) developed many France
Enlightenment by the people acquaintance with nature revolutionary ideas of his -Middle of the 18th century
- Flying of kites (improves the idea of the French
own in social, political
George Berkeley coordination of hand and eye) philosophers (education
(1685- Introduced : and educational theory. should have extended to
1753) Boxing - Gave an imaginary all citizens of the state)
all knowledge can be Wrestling - description of a man in a
gained Ball games state of nature -Peztallozi believed that
by the power of physical education
11
Period of Philosophy
reason alone; of P.E. Activities
Games of hunting and war Rabelais andLuminaries
Locke - endorsed shouldReflection
receive just as
- The playing of musical physical education in the serious consideration in
Instruments court for military and the school program as
- Gymnastics traditional subjects.
health reasons
- Horseback riding
Johann Basedow (1724-1790)
- Fencing -In von Fellenbergs
- Developed his famous
- Dancing academy, boys were
- Swimming method of teaching through permitted to engage in
- Planting and harvesting conversation and play the activity of their
- Hiking associated with objects in choice during free
the classroom. periods.
Johann Friedrich Simon -
instituted Greek
pentathlon
12
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities and withLuminaries
apparatus (3) lifting - Reflectionselected
Von Fellenberg
and carrying exercises of the the activities most
back muscles /pulling, pushing, suitable for the young
thrusting and wrestling (4) gentleman and
fencing, (5) climbing, (6) conducted them in the
exercises to maintain best traditions of the
equilibrium, or balancing with Rennaisance court
the aid of apparatus (7) throwing schools. He was never
and archery (8) bathing and confused in his
swimming (9) exercises of objectives, and his
suppleness (10) dancing (11) approach to physical
exercises to train the senses education must be
evaluated with this in
Heinrich Pestalozzi - (1746- mind.
1827) - believed in the
Philosophy Internal
perception of the mind
Pestalozzi - (1800) Swiss
Educator - believed that
educational process must
go on in the society of
man.
Froebel - (1826) published the
education of the man
- Discovered the true nature
and function of play to so
guide it naturally in the
work.
13
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities Luminaries Reflection
- Free exercises Different forms of locomotion -Adolph Spies (1810-1858) -Devised special exercises
which could be -Free exercises could be for girls and took children
performed with or performed with or without on frequent hikes.
without apparatus. apparatus.
- play and exercise as
an educational
method.
Gymnastics in Training program for Gymnastics FRANZ NACHTEGALL (1777- Denmark was one of the
Denmark school teachers and Fencing 1847)- Nachtegall teaching first nations to establish an
military personnel. served as a guide for both institute to train military
military schools and teacher schools and teacher
institutes established in other institutes established in
countries 1804. other countries after 1804.
Physical Education Switzerland became Gymnastics PHOKION CLIAS (1782-1854) German system of
16
Period of
in SWITZERLAND Philosophy
the haven of
forP.E.
the swimming Activities Luminaries
-a dedicated teacher, he Reflection
gymnastics became well
oppressed. wrestling invented what he called the entrenched in Switzerland.
giant step an apparatus more
commonly known today as the
giant stride.
gymnastics FRANCIS AMOROS (1830) Amoros was requested to
GYMNASTICS fencing -amoros most important supervise the layout of an
LEADERS IN swimming contribution was his Manuel D open-air gymnasium and
FRANCE horseback riding. Education Physique, organize a training
Gymnastique Et Gmorale. program for school-
(1830) teachers and military
personnel.
-he was one of the first to use
the trapeze, still and flying rings,
knotted climbing ropes, inclined
board and strength testing
apparatus in physical education
program.
GYMNASTICS They organized a Mass demonstration called Slets in which Miroslav Tyre(1832-1884) Their gymnastic program
MOVEMENT IN gymnastics union with thousands of individuals performed exercises -the driving force behind the featured exercises with or
CZECHOSLOVAKIA military structure in perfect union. Sokols. without apparatus,
which became known following the German
as the Falcon or system, and emphasized
Sokols. sports of the combative
type.
17
Period of
GYMNASTICS, Philosophy
-By of P.E.
1830 the Swedish Activities
Medical Gymnastics Luminaries
ARCHIBALD Reflection
Gymnastics had been
SPORTS, AND system had gained MACLAREN(1820-1884) adopted for London girls,
RECREATION IN considerable status as MacLaren generally considered an unsuccessful attempt
THE UNITED a scientific approach a gymnastic leader without a was made in 1882 to
KINGDOM IN THE to bodily exercises. system. extend the program to
NINETEENTH - Medical boys.
CENTURY. gymnastics were
also gaining
Introduction of the international support
Swedish system from those who
recognized their
therapeutic potential.
Amateur Sports HERBERT SPENCER- (1820- The people of United
- VOLKSPIELE or PEOPLE GAMES 1893)-stress upon scientific Kingdom have also shown
- ARCHERY education helped revolutionize a predilection for adopting
- BADMINTON the curriculum in the higher the sports of other people
- BOWLS schools of Germany. and making them a part of
- CRICKET
- HOCKEY their own culture.
- ROWING At the close of the
- RUGBY eighteenth and beginning
- SOCCER of the nineteenth century
- SWIMMING games and sports played
- TENNIS an important part in the life
- TRACK AND FIELD ATHLETICS of the English schoolboy.
In spite of the forays
against athleticism, the
Englishman remained
totally dedicated to the
traditions and spirit of
athletics in the public
18
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities Luminaries schools.Reflection
CURLING- most popular games, QUEEN VICTORIA- granted the The Royal and Ancient
SPORTS IN a winter sports using stones shaped like old- title of Royal Caledonian Curling Golf Club of St. Andrews
SCOTLAND fashioned flatirons and weighing up to 44 Club. became the premier club in
pounds. the world and supreme
-CALEDONIAN GAMES authority in golf.
*Throwing the hammer (12-22 pounds),
Running Broad, High jump, Pole vaulting,
Running hitch kick, Tossing the Cawber, 200-
300 yard dashes for men and boys, high
hurdles, wrestling and various dances such
as broad sword, highland fling, Scottish reels.
-GOLF
Ireland is the only
SPORTS IN Ireland is the only -HAND BALL-originated in Ireland 1000 WILLIAM BRAGG- considered European nation which can
IRELAND European which can years ago and develop as national game in one of the most scientific claim the distinction of
claim the distinction of that country. players in the 1850s and holding games similar to
holding games similar -HURLING- another national game of the promoted the game through those of the ancient
to those of the ancient Irish. exhibition tours of Ireland. Olympics.
Olympics.
PHIL CASEY- Father of
handball, was recognized
19
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities Luminaries Reflection
-During Nazi -Gymnastics, natural gymnastics, amateur -KARL GAULHOFER, -Austria has three
Continental Europe occupation greater sports and dancing. MARGARET STREICHER, A. professional schools for
in the Twentieth emphasis was placed SLAMA- Introduced natural the training of physical
Century on activities which gymnastics into the schools education teachers,
were of military value. prior to world war II. affiliated with the
AUSTRIA universities of Vienna,
Graz and Innsbruck.
BELGUIM -favorable attitude of -secondary schools provide 2 periods a week -the state established a
faculties in higher for gymnastics, one for instruction in teacher-training institution
institutions toward swimming, and an afternoon week for games at Brussels in 1905 to
physical exercise has and sports. prepare gymnastics
encouraged voluntary leaders in the Ling
student participation System.
in gymnastics and
sports.
20
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities Luminaries Reflection
CZECHOSLOVAKIA -1949- The national -in the post war period interest in games and -JOSEPH SCHREINER- made It is good that physical
assembly placed sports was stimulated by the work of the several important changes in education and sport is
gymnastics and YMCA physical directors who introduced program. One of these was the already acknowledge by
sports under the camping, swimming and lifesaving which in inclusion of rhythmical the government
supervision and turn were made part of the school program. gymnastics and the dance in
control of the the womens program, and
government, where another was the establishment
they developed into a of a training center at Prague
national movement of called Tyrs House.
significant political
and social
importance.
FRANCE -between 1900-1920 -YMCA leaders conducted balanced program -RAY GOLLIER-inspector There is a need to make a
physical education in and conditioning exercises. French soldiers general of physical education in fitness program in order to
France was were introduced to volleyball, basketball, the school of Paris, had develop physical fitness
influenced by three track and field athletics, swimming, boxing organized monitor schools to among the militarys.
systems: the so called and wrestling. train physical educators, and
French system, -YMCA physical directors also introduced these schools produced a
which was in reality mass and games for school children in ant teacher with much better
21
Period of Philosophy
the gymnasticsof P.E. Activities
French cities and towns. Luminaries
qualifications than those Reflection
developed by Amoros; currently in service in France.
the Swedish system;
and the Natural
exercises devised by
George Hebert
GERMANY -the revival of Olympic -ministerial decrees of the 1920 introduced - in 1923 DR. CARL DIEM- to develop peace and
Games in 1896 rhythmical activities of native or foreign origin, director of the newly organized friendship among
focused the attention games, and sports. Berlin College of Physical participating nations and
of continental Europe -1924 decrees required the students in the Education, invited physicians build camaraderie.
for the first time upon upper elementary grades and secondary interested in the medical aspect
sports competition as schools to attend a daily period of physical of exercise and sports, where
an expression of education and recommended that swimming they organized the medical
national pride. be provided where possible. association for the promotion of
physical education.
GREECE -the reluctance of the -Gymnastics, required by Law in 1834, were -the dominant promoters of
Greek government to emphasized in schools, but sports played Gymnastics in Greece include
accept Athens as the insignificant role. George Pagon, Jean
site of the first modern Fokianos, Jean Chryssafiss,
Olympic Games in SotiriosPeppas, Phillipe
1896 was not entirely Karvelas, and
financial. EvangelosPavlinis.
HUNGARY -Hungary showed -DR. E KAROFIATH- the one -in 1925 the government
interest sports and who organized the Commission established the (Royal)
recreation. In 1921 a of Levente Associations. College of Physical
22
Period of Philosophy of P.E. this
plan to organize Activities Luminaries
*Levente (Young Hero) Reflection
Education at Budapest .
interest was -1959 Hungary
presented to the established the Institute
National Assembly, of Scientific Research in
but on account of the Physical Education and
economic and political Sports to conduct
situation was experimental studies in
postponed until 1924. Pedagogy & methodology.
ITALY -Emphasis is placed -lower grades the program consists of free In the post war years
upon fundamental exercises, games, sports, and rhythmic. University of bologna
movements, which -upper grades consist of individual and team established a training
are integrated with sports, rhythmic activities and gymnastics course in physical
lead-up games and education for teachers in
rhythmic activities. secondary school and
higher institutions.
-Also provide a course in
theory nd practice of
sports for medical
students who wished to
qualify as sports
physician.
NETHERLANDS Physical education in -indoor programs consist of locomotion skills, Additional apparatus was
the Netherlands freely moving exercise with Indian clubs, introduce for gymnastics
(Holland) has been wands and hoops.
influenced by -outdoor program includes low organized
gymnastics systems games, volleyball, field ball, hockey,
of Danes, Swedes, basketball and softball.
French, Belgian and
Austrians.
23
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities Luminaries Reflection
PHYSICAL
EDUCATION IN
CONTINENTAL
EUROPE IN THE
TWENTIETH -In 1927 the -volleyball, basketball and swimming -In 1930 Walter Sikorski, a Academy of Physical
CENTURY (II) government Springfield College graduate Education at Warsaw is
established the Board introduced volleyball, basketball one of the leading
POLAND of Physical Education and swimming into the program professional schools in
and Military of the Association at Cracow Poland.
Preparation within the -Schools in Poznan,
ministry of Education, Cracow, and Wroclaw. All
to finance school these institution provide a
camping, activities four year curriculum
preparatory to military leading to a masters
duty and sports. degree in Physical
Education.
SCANDINAVIA -Scandinavian -Gymnastics is a core program, supplemented K.A. KNUDSEN- an advocate of
countries developed by an extensive after-school program of the Swedish system, who was
systems of games, sports and recreation. transferred to a newly organized
gymnastics which state Gymnastic Institute in
satisfy the 1923.
environmental and
cultural needs of
homogeneous .
24
Period of
SWITZERLAND Philosophy of P.E. Activities
-Track and Field, Athletics, Riflery, games, Luminaries In Reflection
1944, the state
Strong Youth, a Free and recreational activities as skiing, government established
People. swimming, mountain climbing, hiking, the state Institute of
bicycling, and other outdoor activities. Gymnastics and sports
under the administration of
the Federal Military
Department at Macolin.
25
Period of Philosophy of recreation
sports and P.E. Activities Luminaries Reflection
in school and among
the general public
2. BURMA Toward preparation for -it consist of gymnastics, marching, games,
the annual gymnastic and relays and the teacher is still called Drill
exhibition. Master
3. CANADA Physical education has - Football First professional
been molded by the - Other Canadian sports are Cricket, curriculum in Canada was
legislative bodies and curling, bowls, field hockey, rugby. established at McGill
local authorities, the - New world Canadians adopted university in 1912.
contributions of baseball, basketball, and volleyball.
immigrants, and the - The national game of Canada is Ice
countries natural Hockey
recourses.
26
Period of
1. INDIA Philosophy of P.E. of the
-physical training -recreation inActivities
songs and dances, associated Luminaries
-In 1908 Dr. J. HENRY GRAY Reflection
In 1854 British establish a
warrior class with festival and marriage ceremonies. established the first YMCA in network of schools and
dominated the early - Occasionally , exhibitions in the use of India at Calcutta, Bengal. colleges financed by public
period of education. military weapon and tournaments in archery funds, local authorities, and
and wrestling. private management
-YOGA-ASANA-which designed to avoid assisted by government
disease and maintain balance between the grants- in-aid.
body, mind and spirit.
-SURYA-NAMAAKRAS- which is devoted
exclusively to breathing exercises.
-Indians also have many Native gameslike
Kabaddi- played in seven players.
Chuko- raiders stimulate tigers, the dreaded
enemy of all Indians.
Lathi- single stick fighting.
-Lezim- rhythmical dance.
-Karla- requires skillful manipulation of long
heavy Indian clubs.
PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN
ASIATIC COUNTRIES
THE NEAR EAST -games of volleyball, -SELIM SIRRY BERRY- who -1926 Turkey established an
1.TURKEY -YMCA established its first basketball and playground had been trained in the Institute of Physical
association at ball were received with Swedish system was education in affiliation with
Constantinople enthusiasm by the Turks. appointed director. the university of Ankara
27
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities Luminaries Reflection
2.IRAQ -government of Iraq Elementary- gymnastics&rhythmic. -AKRAM FAHMI- the director -1952 the government
has organized a Secondary- English tradition of sports. who received his professional established an Institute of
directorate of physical Basketball(boys), soccer, volleyball(girls) training in the Swedish system. physical education in
education under the Baghdad.
Ministry of Education
to promote and
establish program
physical education in
the schools.
3.LEBANON -Swedish instructor of - Soccer football was introduced informally In 1934 ABD-ES- SITTAL
gymnastics was in 1896 by one of the staff member and other TRABULSI- was appointed
appointed to provide sports followed such as track and field, athletic director.
the students with a athletics, volleyball and basketball.
regular program of
exercise.
4.AFGHANISTAN -organized a -running games as soccer and field THEODORE HARDER- was University of Kabul
professional training hockey requested by Afghanistan
course for physical government and was assigned
education leaders. by the Asian Foundation to
assist the minister of Education
Dr. Ali Ahmed Papol.
28
Period of
5.ISRAEL Philosophy
-They of P.E.
made physical Activities
- introduced soccer football which became Luminaries
-ZOI NISHRY- introduced Reflection
education compulsory the most popular sports. gymnastics in secondary school
in all state- supported -Elementary- gymnastics, games and and published the first manual
schools. rhythmic. of gymnastics for teacher in the
-Secondary- Track and Field Athletics and language of the Bible.
swimming
SOUTHEAST ASIA -promote physical education -elementary and secondary OEN BING TIAT- director of Promoting physical education
1. INDONESIA and sports in Indonesia. schools required a program physical education at the and sport is a ground for
of gymnastics, free university of Padjadjaran. good health and self defense
exercises, games and skills
sports, nationaldances and
pentjak a self-defense
skill.
2. THE -the Director of public -all sports activities culminate in a series of E.L BROWN- general secretary University of Philippines
PHILIPPINES schools as head of athletic meets which are conducted on a of the YMCA, in 1913 organized adapted physical education
the Bureau of district, provincial, regional and national the first Far Eastern Olympic and minister to students
Education has basis. They features track and field athletics Games, and first meet held in need.
complete jurisdiction for boys and girls, volleyball for girls and Manila in the same year, with
over physical gymnastics, basketball and softball for the the Philippines, China, and
education. The boys Japan as charter me3mbers.
program consist of
gymnastics, marching,
and formal drills, the
whole being slanted
toward the mass
demonstration given
29
Period of Philosophy
annually of P.E. the
during Activities Luminaries Reflection
national
Interscholastic Athletic
Meet.
3. THAILAND -physical education, -gymnastics, games and sports and test are Theres a need to include
under the control of employed for classification and determination in the elementary and high
the minister of of motor fitness. school curriculum to better
education, is required -scouting is required in elementary. lifestyle
subject in the
elementary and
secondary schools
and for two years of
college.
4. CHINA -the change of policy -under the republican regime in the -DR. WILLARD LYON- a
toward foreign elementary schools consisted of gymnastic, pioneer YMCA worker in China
intrusion during the marching and games. Secondary and organized a course of better
Manchu dynasty colleges feature Swedish gymnastics and quality at Nanking Teachers
favored the sports, including track and field athletics, College and Soochow
development of soccer, basketball, baseball, and swimming. University.
physical education in - Abby Shaw Mayhew- of
the schools. university of Wisconsin, who
30
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities Luminaries
went china in 1912 to help Reflection
organize the program of the
YWCA, the physical training
school for Chinese women in
Shanghai was established.
5.JAPAN -In 1945 the allied Popular sports in Japan include Rugby and 1876- WILLIAM CLARK- an Develop physical education
powers in japan soccer football, basketball, ice hockey English teacher and former to eliminate militaristic
reorganized the and skating, bowling, badminton and athlete at Cambridge University, activities.
physical education softball are popular among girls. introduced Japanese students to
program to eliminate SUMO- a form of Japanese wrestling. rowing and Track and field
any residual military JUJITS-occidental wrestling. Athletics.
emphasis. -JUDO-a defensive sports -1900s- FRANKLIN BROWN,
YMCA DIRECTOR at Tokyo
acquainted Japanese youth with
volleyball, basketball and mass
games
PHYSICAL - instruction in -popular sports include soccer, baseball, and
EDUCATION IN gymnastics is basketball, volleyball and track and field
LATIN AMERICA essential for the all- athletics.
around development - Emphasis on native folk and other forms of
1. SOUTH of the child. dancing.
AMERICA
31
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities Luminaries Reflection
32
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Cricket Activities Luminaries Reflection
Golf
Battledore
34
Period of
Early National Philosophy of P.E. Activities
Early rowing contest ThomasLuminaries
Jefferson- Advocated Reflection
Elementary schools in
Period of the Caledonian games and track and a plan of popular education Masachusetts offered
United States field- fist Caledonian games held in Boston which evoked little response instruction in bookkeeping
in 1853. from southern leaders. and in the Boston
Baseball- was played first by English President Adrew Jackson- Elementary schools taught
children during the 18th century and brought who by right of suffrage became music.
them to colonies. more influential in determining
Wrestling. educational policies. Secondary schools focuses
Cricket Benjamin Franklin- wrote his to meetthe commercial
Swimming idea of the English schools in interst of the middle class
which he pleaded the use of the and to provide a practical
English tongue in school and in vocational education.
more usefull curriculum than
that of the Latin grammar College and Universities,
school. the traditional plan of one
Benjamin Rush (1745-1813)- a tutor for all subjects was
Physician and wasb the earliest changed to small staff of
advacate of female education in specialist in several
the United States. disciplines.
George William- a London dry- Education of girls and
goods clerk, conceive the idea women it is a novel type of
of assisting young men to lead a secondary school for girls
moral, upright life through prayer developed called the
meetings. December 29, 1851 female seminary.
was the launched of YMCA
movement in the United States.
35
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities Luminaries Reflection
36
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities Luminaries Reflection
37
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities Luminaries Reflection
may live with dignity, in
harmonious co-existence
and respectful individual,
gender, cultural, racial, and
religious differences.
2. Mexico -1933- Mexico organized the Pan- American -1933- President A.L. The Mexican state has
Junior Pentathlon to encourage international RODRIGUEZ- established the been directly involved in
athletic competition among the youth. confederation of Mexican education since the 19th
-1940- Mexican government sent naval sports, which in organization century, promoting secular
gunboat Durango on a goodwill tour to Chile, and function resembled the education. Control of
Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Panama to amateur Athletic Union of the education was a source of
compete neighbors in equitation, track and United states ongoing conflict between
Mexican state and Catholic
38
Period
3. The of of
Republic Philosophy of P.E.
-Reorganizing Activities consist of:
-URBAN SCHOOLS Luminaries -TheReflection
area of public
Central America physical education -Gymnastics education, at primary,
programs. -Games secondary, and university
-Sports level, is regulated
-Rhythmic constitutionally by
autonomous bodies
because of reorganizing.
Colonial Period Colonial government -Gambling -John Cotton -The development of
-Drinking and dancing physical education and
-Card and dice games sports can be traced from
-Quoits bowls the historical phases of
-Ninepins precolonial, colonial and
-Shovel board post-colonial rule. The
indigenous sports and
games of the precolonial
period were informal and
were interwoven within the
African culture.
39
Period
English of
Colonies Philosophy
-Trade of P.E.
and commerce Activities
-Hunting Luminaries Reflection
The decision of whether to
during the -Slave trade -Fishing educate children was left
eighteenth century -Feudal estates -Picnics to individual families.
New England Pennsylvania law was
passed, requiring that all
children be taught to read
and write and be trained in
a useful trade.
Middle Colonies -Established feudal -Gay sleighing -Clark In the middle colonies,
estates, employed -Skating parties about half the adults could
tenants farmers, -Ice carnivals sign their names, colonial
indentured servants -Balls concerts leaders agreed that
and slaves to work the -Shooting matches education was important
land -Hunting but were not concerned
-Riding to the hounds with providing it.
-Boating Pennsylvania law was
-Cricket passed, requiring that all
-Golf children be taught to read
-Battledore and write and be trained in
-Shuttlecock a useful trade.
-Tennis Pennsylvania first school
-Fives( handball ) was established that same
-Cock fighting year. A variety of local
-Bearbaiting religious groups ran most
schools in the middle
colonies and stressed the
practical aspects of
education. All boys learned
a skill or trade. Depending
on their social class, they
40
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities Luminaries Reflection
41
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities Luminaries Reflection
girls enough reading,
writing, and arithmetic to
run a household and the
social skills to attract a
husband.
42
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities
-Wrestling Luminaries
-Joseph Neef- (1770-1854) was Reflection
gymnastics training that
a teacher in music French and utilized heavy apparatus
gymnastics in Pestalozzis (e.g., side horse, parallel
School at Burgdorf and horizontal bars) in the
-Joseph Lancaster- an English pursuit of fitness. The
schoolmaster, discovered the Swedish system of
advantage of using monitors, or exercise promoted health
pupil assistants, to reduce the through the performance of
cost of instructions a series of prescribed
-Francis Lieber- an expert movement patterns with
gymnast and swimming light apparatus (e.g.,
instructor, serve as Professor Of wands, climbing ropes).
history at the University of South The English brought sports
Carolina and games to America
45
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities Luminaries Reflection
-The Swedish System -Gymnastics -Francois Delsarte (18-11- very first chapter in 1851
-The Delsartean 1871)-Advocated the and focused on physical
System Delsartean System activities. Colleges were
-Baron Pierre de Coubertin- A encouraged to focus on
Frenchman proposed the intramural sports
ancient Olympic Games be particularly track, field and
reinstated football.
-John Philbrick- noted that some The idea of the Dio-Lewis
of the school buildings will be System was to involve
furnished with excellent exercise routines that are
gymnastic apparatus and in vigorous enough to raise
some schools calisthenics your heart rate but not as
exercises were practiced vigorous as the German
System which included
running, climbing and
throwing.
The Dio Lewis exercises
include: music, social
games, and dance
routines.
Delsarte believed that
certain movements are
highly symbolic and
powerful. When you're
46
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities Luminaries Reflection
happy you want to throw
your arms up in the air.
When you're sad you want
to put your head down and
slump forward. Probably
everybody in the world
recognizes and uses
department as Hygiene
and Physical Training. The
49
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities Luminaries focus ofReflection
the school was to
improve the physical
condition of all students.
The 1929-30 school saw
the addition of coaching
and dancing courses and a
change to Hygiene and
Physical Education.
Physical Education -Social Trends in the - Intramural Athletics -Fairly well established in the The Hygiene and Physical
in the United States 20s -Horseback Riding East and Mid-west Education department
(1918-1929) -Swimming Rapid expansion in the far remained concerned with
-Bowling West, South and Southwest students' physical
-First Aid -In 1930, 170 colleges and condition and fostering
universities had formally athletic activity. Most
organized departments of majors required students
intramural athletics to attend two class hours a
-Elmer D. Mitchell - provided week for one year.
assistance to many neophyte
intramural directors
Physical Education -A change social -Archery -June 1933 Congress At the start of the 19th
in the United States philosophy -Badminton adjourned, the United States century, sports became
(1930-1940) -During this decade, -Lacrosse had been introduced to a new more organized and the
intramural athletics for -Paddleball social philosophy the concept development of modern
men reached maturity: -Softball of equal opportunity and sports started. Machinery
guiding principles, -Touch football abundant living was developed and used
standards and policies -Miniature golf -Nursery schools and in the production of goods.
were developed which -Additional game/sport for women in team playgrounds This resulted in movement
sports: -Workers, teachers and of the
-Field ball recreational leaders
50
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities Luminaries Reflection
gave the program -Basketball-NCAA 16 REGIONS -physical educators population from rural areas
stability and future -Lacrosse -Womens athletic associations to towns to seek
direction -Soccer continued to be guided by the employment in these
-Aviation principles established by the industries, and this had a
-Camping National Section on Womens great impact on sport.
-Camp craft Athletics and Womens Division Several factors have had
-Outing clubs of the NAAF an effect on sports since
-Tap and clog dancing -Out of 90 Negro Institution, 8 the start of the 20th
-Folk and social dancing had swimming pools and offered century. More persons are
instruction in swimming in the not only playing, but also
physical education watching. Sports have
become more organized.
New rules have been
developed, and some
sports revised to formed
new ones.
Physical Education -Intramural Athletics -Millions of women replaced Throughout history, sports
in the United States men in industries served in have played a variety of
(1941-1950) armed services important functions in
-Arises of different sport society as a form of
committees recreation; preparation for
war or the hunt; or later, as
a substitute for war. Sports
have undergone many
51
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities Luminaries Reflection
changes; some have
stayed much the same
(e.g. wrestling); while
others have adapted with
the times. New sports are
always being invented and
Children were instructed in the proper use of Early Filipinos: The early Filipinos
spears, bows and arrows, and swords. Children and the elders unconsciously developed
As the elders worked, the children took time strong physique by their
out from their household chores to indulge in Early Filipinos: activities that enable them
frolics such as: Children to provide food, shelter
Physical Education Survival, enculturation climbing trees and safety to their families.
in the Philippines: running and jumping all over the wide open
and recreation.
Pre-Spanish Times spaces Children were adventurous
( - 1521) crossing streams and rivers and energetic and they
playing their own game of make believe
53
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities
imitating their parents in such activities such Luminaries madeReflection
use of their
as: environment for them to
- hunting have fun while their elders
- fishing were busy working. Their
- housekeeping recreational activities
- making weapons and tools
helped them develop
- worshipping
long-distance underwater swimming physically enabling them to
double underarm stroke Early Filipinos: maintain a healthy and
diving to fish for pearls which they sold at a Men and boys active body.
profit to neighboring countries
Rowing/Paddling the banca. Early Filipinos: The men developed
Men powerful arms and
Rituals involving various body movements massive chest because of
and deep breathing exercises. Early Filipinos the means of
transportation available to
them.
War dances
- when tribesmen captured an enemy, they
54
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities
performed a torture dance as they circled Luminaries Dances Reflection
served as a way of
the captive Early Filipinos: expressing themselves,
- two warriors, armed with bolos or bows Warriors their hatred, feeling of
and arrows, executed a duel dance which vengeance, making
Survival, enculturation
Physical Education stimulated a fight decisions related to war
and recreation. - at other times, after having accomplished
in the Philippines: that enabled them to be
Pre-Spanish Times dreadful contortions and springs understood by their fellow
( - 1521) accompanied by weird cries, some people. These dances
warriors finished their dance by shooting were a form of non-verbal
their arrows into the air, often hitting a bird communication wherein
in the process their movements meant
- Saut, a typical war dance, characterized what they felt in their
by quick runs, distinct body elevations, hearts.
and much body quivering performed to the
rhythm of the guimba, or drum
Himog or death dance The dance served as their
- executed to the accompaniment of the Early Filipinos: way of communicating to
bangibang, or wooden clapper Men their gods in times of death
among their warriors.
Funeral dance These dances served as
- In case of illness in the family, the people their way of offering their
also danced to hasten recovery. sympathy to the family of
- When a person died, the neighbors the person who died, and
perform this type of dance characterized as a form of ritual casting
by slow swinging of feet up in the air by a away evil spirits. This
line of men standing with arms on each became a symbol of the
others shoulders people working together
Beneseew or witch dance and sympathizing with
- Held precisely to drive away evil spirits that each other.
inhabit the balete tree
55
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities Luminaries Reflection
Tabing Baila
- a prayer for a bountiful fish catch. Early Filipinos
- The movements stimulated those of a fish,
with the hands curling in and out like a fin,
arms circle here and yon, and the body
Physical Education Survival, enculturation twisting and contorting
in the Philippines: Festival dances
and recreation.
Pre-Spanish Times Bumayab Festival dances were a
- started auspiciously with a limliwa or chant representation of their joy
( - 1521)
- notable for its elaborate footwork and
and offering thanks to their
hand movement
gods for a bountiful harvest
- music was provided by gongs, gongha,
or fish catch. Their faith is
tubob, and habit
Tanggugo clearly seen through these
- a dance with hardly any arm movement dances.
- men and women rotated bodily, stepped
sideways, and stamped animatedly with
kulong-kulong around their feet to the
accompaniment of the tanggungguan, or
gongs suspended by ropes from a
triangular rack
Unomey-umey
- a thanksgiving dance for the diwatas for a
rich crop
Courtship dances
Tadek
- both man and woman danced on tiptoe,
carrying a piece of red cloth which they
56
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities
fluttered from side to side as they shook Luminaries Reflection
their whole body to the measure of the
ganza, or native drum
Mimetic dances
Munggayong Early Filipinos By making use of their
- a line of men and another of women environment, they
participants danced around a pile of pots; performed mimetic dances
the dancers sat down afterwards and went not just a form of
through the motions of making pots recreation but also their
- as they did so, tapuy or rice wine was way of telling and passing
passed around in coconut shells on stories to children.
Sayaw Tu Baud These embody their
- a pigeon dance creativity in creating
- an imitation of the flight of pigeons from
dances out of the things
hunters stalking them
they usually see and
Ninanog
observe in their
58
Period of Philosophy of P.E. - a hawk dance Activities Luminaries Reflection
surroundings.
- feigned the movements of a hawk as it
pounced on its quarry
Funny/comical primitive dances
Kinnotan or ant dance Early Filipinos They were not just serious
- showed a man dancing and gesticulating all the time; they were also
to another person who had been attacked creatively comical by
by ants performing dances that
Camote or Yam dance entertain people through
- imitated the movements of a man the dance movements.
attempting to steal yam These were a source of
Pinubag or bee dance fun and joy despite of their
- the steps and movements simulated a bee hard and some were
gathering honey dangerous daily activities
Inamo-amo or monkey dance for survival.
- mimicked the movements of a monkey as
it bounced and gamboled about
60
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities Luminaries Reflection
Easter
Physical and material - after the mass and sermon, the
well-being was townspeople danced and made merry in
subordinated to a the churchyard
Physical Education wholesome spiritual Moro-Moro
in the Philippines: life that looked to - an adaptation of Spanish plays and was
Spanish Era Heaven for a reward. interspersed with many dances and quaint
(1521 1898) In this kind of gesticulations
philosophy, physical - the characters were Moors and Christians,
education had no the offering being a carry-over of the
place. Play was constant struggle for supremacy between
regarded as a sign of Mohammedanism and Christianity
Dances
laziness and was
Comintang
therefore not only
- as the musician played and sang, a boy
discouraged, but even
and a girl pantomimed the words of the
suppressed to a
song
certain extent. The Pampango
people indulged only - a dance wherein the woman skillfully
in the activities and moves her hips about to the
amusements accompaniment of loud clapping
approved and Bagay
tolerated by the - performed to melancholy and languorous
church. The only melody
physical activities - characterized by graceful arm movements
allowed the people Pabayo dance
were those connected - performed by young men on moonlight
in some way with nights in front of the house of a dalaga
church affairs. Hinal-o
- men hopped, skipped, and jumped
61
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities
skillfully between large and small pestles Luminaries Reflection
62
Period of Philosophy of P.E. o CachuchaActivities Luminaries Reflection
o Jota
Traditional Games
Sipa
- played in three ways:
*lambatan or by net
*bilangan or by points
*mudansa or fancy kicking exhibition
- the game was played as singles or
doubles, and by four or eight players on
one team
Takip-silim
The Filipinos were - a blindfolded player tried to catch the rest of
not deterred from his playmates who were in circle formation
playing games and Buwan-buwan
Physical Education engaged in their - a form of dodge game
in the Philippines: own native sports. Taguan
Spanish Era Some were forms of - hide and seek
Luksong lubid
64
Period
(1521 of
1898) Philosophy
amusement, of P.E.
as - jumping rope Activities Luminaries Reflection
pastimes, for self- Bato-bato
defense and others - stone passing
were even in a form Lubi-lubi
of gambling. These - two teams jumped forward or backward
undesirable depending on who guessed correctly
activities were not where the pebble was
Luksong alon
suppressed by the
- rope swinging clockwise by two teams
Spanish government
Luksong palia
for they helped - alternate jumping to a designated area by
increase the two teams
revenue of the Paligsahang kalabao
Crown. - carabao race
Paluan ng palayok
- hitting a pot containing water and money
Tarumpo
- top spinning
Buchay
- tossing pebbles or corn kernels into the air
and catching the same with the back of
the hand
Kalahoyo
- directing stones into a hole by using a flat
pebble
Spanish-influenced games:
65
Period of Philosophy
The Filipinos ofwere
P.E. o cara-cabesa Activities Luminaries Reflection
not deterred from o juego de anillo
Physical Education playing games and o a la viva
in the Philippines: engaged in their o corocochillo
Spanish Era own native sports. o santito
(1521 1898) Some were forms of o bulong pare
o pasa en orden
amusement, as
o juego de prenda
pastimes, for self-
o vivora de amor
defense and others
o Bordon de los bordones
were even in a form o Presohan
of gambling. These o bola-boaya
undesirable o banda
activities were not o palmo
suppressed by the o Biola
Spanish government o San Miguel Arcangel
for they helped o San Pedro
increase the o San Juan
revenue of the Card games, game of chance, and other
Crown. amusements with the element of gambling:
Trucos
- a game resembling billiard played
Briscas
- won upon gaining thirty-one points
Duplo
- consists of arithmetical combinations
Dice
Casino, monte and panguingui
Billar de barimbao
Capona
- played by counting off small pebbles in
four and betting on the remainder
66
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities Luminaries Reflection
Tablita
The Filipinos were - player threw a copper disk over a string The Spaniards introduced card
not deterred from stretched across a wooden board games, games of chance and
Physical Education playing games and containing twenty-six squares other amusements involving
in the Philippines: engaged in their Cara-cruz and Birachapo gambling.
Spanish Era own native sports. - heads-or-tails types of game
(1521 1898) Some were forms of Prinola
- played with hexagonally-topped dice
amusement, as
Horse racing
pastimes, for self-
Ripa
defense and others
- a lottery played with twenty cards
were even in a form Chabaqui
of gambling. These - a form of lottery played with a wooden
undesirable tablet containing painted numbers from
activities were not one to twelve and a corresponding set of
suppressed by the numbered cards
Spanish government
for they helped
increase the
revenue of the
Crown.
67
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities Luminaries Reflection
Early morning hike among the townspeople of Jose Rizal promoted this hobby Rizal knew from
Calamba going to the nearby hill called the among the townspeople. experience the value of
Physical Education Lecheria. physical training and
in the Philippines: A sound mind could Jose Rizal initiated this activity decided to teach others the
Spanish Era flourish best in a with the following companions: benefits that could be
(1521 1898) sound body. Mountain climbing expedition to Mt. Makiling. o Paciano Rizal derived from it. He wanted
o Leandro Lopez others to feel the thrills and
o Mariano Herbosa exhilaration he had
o Lieutenant Jose Ataviel de enjoyed in his search for
69
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities Luminaries
Andrade Reflection
physical well-being.
Outdoor gymnasium with bodybuilding
paraphernalia composed of: These are the activities under He decided to change the
o parallel bars the physical fitness program narrow concept of
o Roman rings conducted by Jose Rizal when education established by
o Chinning bar he was exiled to Dapitan. the Spaniards. By tearing
Pupils undergo rigid physical training. down that narrow concept,
Judo he paved the way towards
Wrestling the development of a well-
Spanish fencing
balanced personality: a
American boxing
sound mind in a sound
Arnis
body (in the words of Dr.
Marksmanship
Rafael Palma).
Hagis
- a game played by Rizal and his pupils
- the object of this game was to throw
stones in such a way that they would hit
a piece of wood suspended from a
branch of a mango tree
- anyone hitting the wood five times in
succession was awarded a prize of
cartridges and the privilege of
participating in the hunting expeditions
Physical training became a regular part of the Father William McKinnon Almost the first thing the
-chaplain of the First California American administration
70
Period
Physical of
Education Philosophy of P.E. curriculum. Activities Regiment Luminaries Reflection
did was to re-establish
in the Philippines: Health, normal In the elementary grades physical exercises -several schools were opened in schools all over the Islands
American Regime growth, and were prescribed. Manila under his supervision with qualified soldiers as
(1898 - 1941) development of the Physical education was also prescribed in the -as a teacher, he helped to ease teachers. When the
body as an efficient secondary course as a required subject in whatever tension there was schools were organized,
organism. all four years of high school. between the Filipinos and the physical education was
A grade of 75% in physical education was Americans given a prominent place in
required for promotion in the elementary the program. In
grades as well as in the high schools. accordance with the
Professional boxing became an established general aim of training for
institution in the Philippines in 1910. democracy and
In 1911, an Athletic Handbook was issued by American educators wholesome living, a
the Bureau of Education which was revised -characteristic of their concern balanced curriculum was
later in 1913 that served as the guide for all for the physical training of the prescribed composed of
forms of play, calisthenics, and athletics in the Filipinos was this portion of academic instruction,
public schools. the annual report of the industrial instruction, and
The handbook divided the scope of the work General Superintendent on physical education.
of physical education into three parts: Education in 1904:
o Physical Education I (not more than ten Physical Exercise and
The introduction of music
minutes a day) which includes daily health Athletics There is manifest
and physical exercises in
sanitary inspection of pupils, of classrooms, need for attention to these
the primary school was
of school buildings, and of school premises. matters. The Filipino is
appreciated by the
o Physical Education II (not less than four nor undeveloped physically. This
Filipinos. The schools
more than ten minutes a day) which is particularly true of the
became an attractive and
included relief exercises for all grades of all students in the high schools
bright place. The large
schools. whose social position relieves
numbers of children who
them of all forms of manual
flocked to the elementary
labor and exercise.
schools found school life
pleasant instead of the
drudgery it had been
71
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities Luminaries Reflection
during Spanish days.
- wand wrestling
- tug-of-war
Physical Education - day and night
in the Philippines: Health, normal - basketball throw
- indoor baseball throw and catch
American Regime growth, and
- whip tag
(1898 - 1941) development of the - duck on a rock
body as an efficient - hide and seek
organism. - prisoners base
- wolf, cat and mouse
- charging beasts
- arch ball
- The following races and relays were
also listed:
74
Period of Philosophy of P.E. - backwardActivities
and forward Luminaries Reflection
- hopping
- ball passing
- crab
- obstacle
- pick-a-back
- ball roll
- straight run
- all up
- walk and run
- basketball
- wand
- broad jump
- potato
- tag the wall
- circle seat
The Athletic Badge competition was held
to encourage individual achievement.
76
Period
Physical of
Education Philosophy of P.E.
Health, normal Activities
bloomers and first participated in the Luminaries Reflectionin their
new confidence
in the Philippines: growth, and stereotyped form of calisthenics. physical and moral
American Regime development of the Afterwards, they learned to play tennis, strength. It made them
(1898 - 1941) body as an efficient basketball, and indoor baseball. realize the beneficial
organism. Basketball was played for several years effects of exercise. Even
and was one of the major sports in the as the girls improved
carnival interscholastic meets. physically and made
Indoor baseball (a modified form of notable achievements in
baseball) became highly developed. their physical activities, the
In 1917, two indoor baseball teams of attitude of men towards
Filipino girls were sent to play exhibition such participation relaxed
games in Shanghai, China and became approving.
In 1925:
- Mary Yotoko and Ester Tempongko
started fencing at the University of the
Philippines.
- The first high school gymnastic
exhibition and competition was
conducted which was won by the East
High School, whose girls were
outstanding in ladder pyramid building.
The first swimming club at the University
of the Philippines was organized in August
13.
On January 27, 1926, the first track and
field contest for girls was held in Felicidad Manuel coach of the
Pampanga. Pampanga Trade School girls
1935: the first National Open Track and who first won in the track and
Field Championship for women was held field contest
with Manila Central University winning
77
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities Luminaries Reflection
82
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities Luminaries Reflection
- in 1916 the first playground director for
Creating a nationwide Manila was appointed
Physical Education enthusiasm for sports - training of instructors
in the Philippines: and games, promoting - in November 1917, a civil service
American Regime the establishment of examination was given for playground
(1898 - 1941) more and better teachers
playgrounds and - in 1920 a Department of Public Recreation
extending the benefits was created in Manila
- athletic fields and grandstands were
of physical education
constructed in different places in the
to those who were not
country
attending the public
- a national athletic and recreation center in
schools.
Manila was established and named as the
Rizal Memorial Stadium, Coliseum, and
Field
Philippine Amateur Athletic Federation The first officers of the PAAF
(PAAF) were:
- organized in November, 1911 to protect President:
amateur athletics Governor-General William
- set up fixed rules and regulations to draw Cameron Forbes
clear distinction between professional and (1911 1914)
non-professional sports First Vice-President:
- important projects of the federation: President Murray Butler of the
o conducting of annual championships in
University of the Philippines
all sports that it recognized Second Vice-President:
o drafting of standardized game rules
Leonard D. Dyson
o devising and executing a system of
Secretary-Treasurer:
records to protect holders from unfair
Elwood Stanley Brown of the
claims
YMCA
o taking charge of Philippine participation
in the Far Eastern Games and the
83
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities
World Olympics Luminaries Reflection
Athletic Associations
Creating a nationwide o Southern Luzon Athletic Association Mr. Serafin Aquino
Physical Education enthusiasm for sports (1905) -Superintendent of physical
in the Philippines: and games, promoting o Manila Interscholastic Athletic Association education in the Bureau of
American Regime the establishment of (1905) Education
(1898 - 1941) more and better o Central Luzon Athletic Association (1907) -recognized the different
playgrounds and o Visayan Interscholastic Association (1909) interprovincial athletic
extending the benefits o Ilocano Interscholastic Athletic Association associations in 1938 that later
of physical education (1911) on became the BPSIAA
to those who were not o Southern Tagalog Athletic Association
attending the public (1911)
o Public Schools Interscholastic Athletic
schools.
Association (BPSIAA)
- Northern Luzon Athletic Association
- Central Luzon Athletic Association
o Manila Interscholastic Athletic
Association
- Southern Tagalog Athletic Association
- Bicol Athletic Association
- East Visayas Athletic Association
- West Visayas Athletic Association
- Mindanao Athletic Association
Games played in BPSIAA:
- baseball
- softball
84
Period of Philosophy of P.E. - basketball Activities Luminaries Reflection
- swimming
- tennis
- track and field
- boxing (exhibition)
93
Period of Philosophy of P.E. - founded a school of Activities
physical education in Luminaries Reflection
1914 J. Truit Maxwell YMCA
Physical Education - organized the following athletic associations: physical director, organizer of
in the Philippines: o Philippine Amateur Athletic Federation in the Philippine Physical
American Regime 1911 Education Association
(1898 - 1941) o Far Eastern Athletic Association in 1912
o Bureau of Public Schools Interscholastic
Athletic Association in 1912
o Inter-Commercial Athletic Association in
1932
Young Womens Christian Association
To promote among (YMCA) Physical Directors of the YWCA: The YWCA served as a
the young women - organized in October, 1926 o Van Sant Jenkins building of open doorways
growth in Christian - its nucleus was the Time Investment Club o Vera Barger through which thousands
character and service which started in 1921 to provide young o Lois Weir of girls and women of
through physical, women with worthwhile leisure-time o Mary Brobst different nationalities,
social, mental, and activities o Zelma Day creeds, and social
spiritual development. - organized various tournaments o Mrs. Balbina Icasiano positions have entered to
- promoted such sports as:
find a home and friend,
o basketball
relaxation and health;
o badminton
education and
o indoor baseball
o table tennis employment; opportunity
- there were classes in: and spiritual ministration;
o swimming guidance and leadership
o gymnastics training; international
o dancing understanding and
fellowship.
94
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities Luminaries Reflection
- some schools also adopted scouting as Col. J. E. H. Stevenot The activities helped
an avenue for its character-building -General Manager of the promote physical fitness
program Philippine Long Distance alongside developing ones
Physical Education One may willingly - October 31, 1936: Commonwealth Act Telephone Company duty to God and his
in the Philippines: dedicate ones self to No. 111 creating the Boy Scouts of the -convinced president Quezon of country and to help other
American Regime glorifying God, Philippines was passed by the National the need for an independent people at all times.
(1898 - 1941) sacrificing for the Assembly scout organization
motherland, and - January 1, 1938: the Boy Scouts of the -served as President of the
helping other people, Philippines was formally organized B.S.P. from 1939 to the
he cannot do so - the scout motto Be Prepared became outbreak of World War II
without fulfilling his Laging Handa
- popular patrol names such as lion, bear, Exequiel Villacorta chief scout
duty to himself, and
and flaming arrow were changed to lawin, executive of BSP when it was
that is to make himself
usa, and tamaraw formally organized
physically strong to
- the two highest scout ranks were altered
enable him to do all
from Life and Eagle to Maginoo and Jose
the things he has
Rizal Incorporators of the BSP:
resolved to - among the scout ideals, activities, and o Col. J. E. H. Stevenot
96
Period of Philosophy of P.E.
accomplish. skills are: Activities o Arsenio Luminaries
N. Luz Reflection
o first aid o Carlos P. Romulo
o safety o firebuilding o Vicente Lim
o athletics o signaling o Manuel Camus
o personal health o swimming o Jorge B. Vargas
o camp sanitation o tracking o G. C. Daza
o rope work o training
o camping o stalking
o outdoor cooking o hiking
o firemanship o physical development
o public health o home repairs
o craftsmanship o nature conservation
o plant cultivation o animal husbandry
o lifesaving
98
Period
Physical of
Education Philosophy
Promotion of P.E.
of physical He was a member Activities
of the Cebu and U.P. Luminaries
Dr. Regino R. Ylanan Upon hisReflection
death in 1963,
in the Philippines: education in the baseball and weight teams. PAAF President Antonio de
American Regime Philippines through Far Eastern Games (Manila, 1913): he las Alas said in tribute to
(1898 - 1941) training of Filipinos to won the pentathlon, discus, and shot-put his memory, I consider Dr.
take charge of events. Ylanan the most
physical activities in Far Eastern Games (Shanghai, 1915): he outstanding of all
the country. Sent in won a gold medal in shot-put and bronze sportsmen in the
1918-19 by the medal in pentathlon. Philippines. His record of
government as a Far Eastern Olympics (Tokyo, 1917): service in sports will be
pencionado to the Captain and catcher of the Philippine hard to equal. He
United States to take baseball team. maintained the purity of
up advanced studies 1920 1927: Phyical Director of the amateurismHe was a
in physical education. University of the Philippines real sportsman, a
Responsible for making physical gentleman, and a great
education a requirement for all students loss.
enrolled at the U.P.
He contributed greatly to Philippine
participation in international competition in
these various capacities:
- Medical officer, Philippine delegation to the
Far Eastern Championship Games in
Shanghai May, 1921.
- Medical officer and head coach, Philippine
baseball team to the Far Eastern
Championship Games in Osaka, Japan
1923.
- Philippine representative and coach, track
team to the World Olympics in Paris
1924.
- Medical officer and track and field coach,
Philippine teams to the Olympic Games in
99
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities
Amsterdam 1928. Luminaries Reflection
103
Period of Philosophy of P.E. YMCA physicalActivities
director Luminaries Reflection
Acting physical director of the University of Geronimo T. Suva
Physical Education Promotion of physical the Philippines
in the Philippines: education in the Chief of the athletic and recreation section
American Regime Philippines through of the Armed Forces of the Philippines
(1898 - 1941) training of Filipinos to Popularized morning calisthenics.
take charge of Physical director in 1937 at the State
physical activities in University.
the country. Sent in Coach of the Philippine swimming teams Candido C. Bartolome
1918-19 by the to the World Olympics in Los Angeles
government as a 1932, Berlin in 1936, London in 1948,
pencionado to the Melbourne in 1956, and Paris in 1960 and
United States to take to the Asian Games of 1950, 1954, and
up advanced studies 1958.
in physical education. He was the moving spirit behind the
formation of the Big Three (UAAP).
Instrumental in the organization of the
MBBL into an association (1961).
Her greatest contribution is her research
Anybody who on Philippine folk dances.
understands what he Boston University awarded her an Francisca Reyes Aquino
or she sees naturally honorary Doctor of Physical Education
enjoys it more than degree in 1949.
those who do not In 1954 she received from the Philippine
have any knowledge government an Award of Merit.
of it. The Far Eastern University conferred on
her in 1959 an honorary Doctor of
Humanities degree.
She won in 1959 the Presidential Citation
from the Boy Scouts of the Philippines for
Distinguished Service to the 10th World
104
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Jamboree. Activities Luminaries Reflection
-
Some members of the club were chosen
to form a troupe that would go out to the
Physical Education Preserving the provinces to present folk dance recitals.
in the Philippines: treasury of folk - Lectures on the same subject were also
American Regime dances and songs of given by the troupers to teachers of both
(1898 - 1941) the Philippines for private and public schools.
posterity. The University of the Philippines made
Philippine folk dancing a regular part of
107
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities
the service course in physical education, Luminaries Reflection
and opened a professional course
specializing in Philippine folk dances.
The presentation of native dances was
made a constant feature in all important
university celebrations.
1940: the Bureau of Education Folk Song
and Dance club was organized under the
auspices of the Physical Education
Section of the Instruction Division.
Folk dances became a regular part of the
physical education program.
Private schools followed the pattern set
first by the University of the Philippines
and which was later adopted by the
Bureau of Education.
Research Findings of Mrs. Aquino:
The Jotas, Habaneras, Kuratsas, and
Pandangos were typically Spanish.
The Kandingan, Sua-Sua, Badjao, Daling-
Daling, and Malangka manifested Malayan
traits.
The Alcamfor, Pasakat, Minuete Yano,
and Rigodon were derived from the
French.
108
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities Luminaries Reflection
The Lanceros and Birginia showed the
American touch.
The Ba-Ingles presented English features.
The Redoba presented German features.
While incorporating most of the
characteristics of the foreign dances,
Filipinos had taken care to retain the
typically charming and piquant native traits
of the folk dances.
Non-Christian dances have remained
pure.
The dances were divided according to
their:
o steps
o the persons, birds, beasts, or plants
they were named after
o the implements, objects, or costumes
used in the dances
o their places of origin
o their nature
o speed of movement
o formation
o special distinguishing features
People living near the sea had dances and
songs about fishing and rowing.
Those in the coconut regions performed
dances using coconut shells.
Those in the rice-producing provinces had
dances depicting the various stages of
109
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activitiesrice.
planting and harvesting Luminaries Reflection
Persons in the economically self-sufficient
areas had gay and lively dances.
112
Period
(1898 of
- 1941) Philosophy
physical of P.E.
conditioning. Activities
and the Philippine National guard as Luminaries
Corps of Cadets Reflection
became a matter of
instructors. primary importance. The
1917: military drill was introduced into the passage of the National
curriculum due mainly to the Philippine Defense Act developed
offer of 25,000 troops to the United States physically strong and
forces fighting in World War I. morally confident men.
There was no definite program of
instruction, no rigid training schedule; only
wooden guns were used and instruction
was informal.
1922: the U.P. Corps of Cadets was
created as a program of studies for
military training.
Annual tactical inspection at the end of the
school year wherein cadets were checked
on their proficiency in:
o close order and extended order drills
o map reading
o musketry
o scouting and patrolling
o tent pitching
o machine gun drill
o minor tactics
o chemical service
Annual military field meet wherein each
company and battery vied with one
another in various contests
113
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities Luminaries Reflection
114
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities Luminaries Reflection
The U.S. Army Engineering Corps Swimming team first placers in The physical education
Physical Education Healthful living in a immediately set about to reconstruct the the First Asian Games: movement was greatly set
in the Philippines: wholesome Rizal Memorial Stadium and various A. Salamat: 100-meter back during the Japanese
Contemporary environment so as to games among the different army outfits backstroke occupation. The fight for
Period be physically strong were played there. J. Cayco: 200-meter the liberation of the country
(1946 - ) and mentally fit to Baseball bats and balls, basketballs, nets, breaststroke did additional harm
meet the and other athletic equipment were A. Salamat, J. Cayco, and N. because of the wanton
requirements of a donated by the army both to private Rajab: 3 x 100-meter medley destruction of the
useful life and to individuals and public institutions. relay gymnasiums, stadiums,
make wise use of Sports immediately rehabilitated after the and other existing athletic
leisure time for self- war were: Second Asian Games winners facilities. A redeeming
116
Period of Philosophy of
improvement and P.E.
for o tennis Activities Luminaries
(swimming): factor inReflection
the fight for the
the service of the o basketball P. Nabuila: 200-meter butterfly liberation of the Philippines
community. o baseball for men was the presence of
Once again foreign teams are being Haydee Coloso and Jocelyn von thousands of American
invited to play in the Philippines in order to Giese: 100-meter free style and servicemen who were
foster athletics in the country. 100-meter backstroke stationed all over the
Filipino players are sent abroad to country. These men of the
participate in exhibition matches and Second Asian Games winners armed forces of the United
acquire better skills. (boxing): States were well provided
Various Philippine delegations are sent to E. Sajo: flyweight with athletic equipment
compete in international meets. A. Ortuoste: bantamweight and had a rich program of
1951: A three-man team reached the C. Espinosa: lightweight recreation. They radiated
semifinals of the European Zone Davis E. Porto: light welterweight their zest for athletic
Cup competition. The team is composed V. Tunacao: light middleweight activities in their every
of: association with Filipinos.
o Felicisimo Ampon
Second Asian Games winners
o Raymundo Deyro
(shooting):
o Cesar Carmona
A. Einsiedel
The Philippines won the championship of
M. Gison
the Davis Cup tournament Eastern Zone A. Feliciano
in 1957, 1958, and 1960. H. Castelo
V. Zalvidea
March, 1951: First Asian Games in New They lifted the people out
Physical Education Healthful living in a Delhi, India. Third Asian Games winners: of the confusion effected
in the Philippines: wholesome The Philippines won: Adolfo Feliciano free rifle by the war and assured
117
Period of
Contemporary Philosophy so
environment of as
P.E.
to Activities
o Basketball and high jump Visitacion Luminaries
Bedana broad jump Reflection
them that with American
Period be physically strong championships Inocencia Solis 100-meter assistance, athletics could
(1946 - ) and mentally fit to o Swimming dash be rehabilitated and
meet the Manila, 1954: Second Asian Games R. Deyro and F. Ampon mens revitalized.
requirements of a The Philippines won in: tennis doubles With the grant of
useful life and to o basketball R. Deyro mens tennis singles independence, the
make wise use of o boxing Remigio Vista, Pedro Subido, Philippine government
o shooting
leisure time for self- Isaac Gomez and Enrique started perpetuating the
Tokyo, 1958: Third Asian Games
improvement and for Bautista 400-meter mens wholesome attitude toward
The Philippines won in:
the service of the o basketball championship track relay physical education which
community. o eight first places Sandra won Giese, Victoria was earlier promoted by
o eighteen second places Cagayat, Sylvia von Giese and the Americans. It realizes
o nineteen third places Haydee Coloso-Espino 400- only too well the
Indonesia, 1962: Fourth Asian Games meter womens swimming relay importance of a physically-
The Philippines won: able citizenry that must set
o basketball championship the country to higher and
o four medals in track and field greater heights as a
o gold medal in boxing sovereign nation.
o gold medal in tennis
London, 1948: Olympics
Philippines won in weightlifting
Helsinki, 1952: Olympics
The Philippines won in weightlifting
Melbourne, 1956: Olympics
The Philippines won:
o 7th place in basketball
o Special honors to Carlos Loyzaga and
Antonio Genato who were named to
the All-Olympic Basketball Selection
118
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities Luminaries Reflection
119
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities
authority to the provincial chapters Luminaries Reflection
which in turn take charge of the
development of the sport in the towns
and barrios.
125
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities
Philippine Folk Dance Festival at the Luminaries Reflection
Rizal Memorial Coliseum.
o 1959: the group went to France on the
invitation of the French government
and performed at the Theatre des
Nations in Paris.
o Toured nine European countries.
o Won grand prizes in Spain.
o Their presentation was entitled
Portrait of a Filipino and was
composed of the following:
I. Tribal and Muslim Dances
II. Courtship Dances
III. Social Dances
IV. National Dances
V. Religious and Ceremonial Dances
127
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Mainstay of theActivities
Philippine basketball Luminaries Reflection
Physical Education teams at the following competitions: They have shown
in the Philippines: o All four Asian Games in which the outstanding ability and
Contemporary Philippines emerged as champion have exemplified the best
Period (1951, 1954, 1958 and 1962). qualities of true sportsmen.
(1946 - ) o Two Olympics (1952 & 1956)
o Two World Championships (1954 and
1959).
o Two Asian Basketball Conference
Championships (1960 and 1963).
He has won various honors:
o twenty-five gold medals
o Athlete of the Year
o Mr. Basketball
o one of the Best Ten Cagers of the World
Selection (Brazil, 1954)
o All-Olympic Basketball Choice
(Melbourne, 1956)
He won the world junior lightweight
championship by defeating Harold Gomes Gabriel Flash Elorde
in Manila, 1960.
A friend and a former boxer, Lucio
Laborte, taught him the rudiments of
boxing.
He started fighting professionally at
seventeen in Cebu in 1951 and won his
first professional fight by defeating Kid
Gonzaga by TKO in the fourth round.
He also held the Oriental lightweight
crown and bantamweight and
featherweight titles of the Orient.
128
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Experts classifyActivities
him as a scientific or Luminaries Reflection
thinking fighter.
132
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activitiesof Physical
1924: The Department Luminaries Reflection
Education of the University of the
Physical Education Physical education is Philippines started offering professional
in the Philippines: a preparation for life courses.
Contemporary and that the best 1925: The University of the Philippines
Period preparation for life is offered summer courses in physical
(1946 - ) acquiring of a broad education and athletic coaching for public
interest in moral and school teachers.
character training October 11, 1930: the Board of Regents
derived from approved the curriculum leading to the
wholesome activities. Certificate in Physical Education.
1933: The Bachelor of Physical Education
course was started.
1937: The curriculum was revised to give
students a chance to choose their course.
In order to earn a B.P.E. (Bachelor of
Physical Education) degree, a student
must take eighteen units more of
professional physical education courses
than are required of candidates for a
B.S.E. (major in physical education).
1967: an Institute of Physical Education
was organized with two programs
opened:
o Six-week non-credit coaching
proficiency course in baseball and
softball, track and field, basketball and
volleyball.
o Forty-unit course leading to a
Certificate in Physical Education taken
on a semester (20 units per) or
133
Period of Philosophy of P.E. Activities
summer plan (ten units per). Luminaries Reflection
135