JAR TEST

Each beaker is prepared using 100ml of water sample labelled 1-6

The first beaker marked as blank sample.

Fill the 2 to 6 beaker with (ferric chloride/ aluminium sulphate) coagulant with
anincrasing dosage of 2,4,6,8,10 respectivly/

Put all beakers under the jar testing machine.

1st process rapid mixing tank (coagulation) for 140rpm 3m.

2nd slow mixing (flocculation) for 70 rpm 5m.

3rd settlement (sedimentation) for 0 rpm 15m.

Determine colour using spectrophotometer.use 1st beaker as blank sample.

Turbidity using turbidity meter.

pH using pH meter.

Plot graph turbidity vs coagulant to determine optimum dosage required.

AIR PARTICLE

We use air quality monitor.

Press MODE button until it show clear history and press SELECT to clear history.

Then we press MODE again and it will start the new recording.

start the stopwatch for 15 minutes. After 15 minutes passed, press MODE again
until minutes history appear on screen.press SELECT for 1minutes

press SELECT again for 2 minutes and again for 3 minutes.

Record the reading

The left is small particle while on right is large particle.

 BOD

100ml of water sample is put into 2 beaker each.

Pour into 300ml BOD bottle.

Poured dilution water until full.Insert stopper on each bottle.

Inverted several time to mix the solution.

Then opened one of bottle and measured the DO level and record as BOD0.

Put other bottle in ncubator at temperature of 20+-1.

After 5 days measured the DO of the bottle in incubator and record as BOD5.

BOD are calculated as follow:

(Do before-do after)

_______________________________
(sample volume/sample bottle volume)

COD

Preheated the reactor to 150 degree

Remove cap of two COD digestion reagent vial.

For sample preparation, hold one vial at 45 degree and use volumetric pipette to
add 1ml of sample into vial.

For blank preparation, hold one vial at 45 degree and use volumetric pipette to
add 1ml of dstilled into vial.

Cap the vials tightly and clean the surface using tissue paper.Invert gently a few
time to allow it to mix.

Insert vials inti reactor and closed the lid. And heat for 2 hours.

Turn of reactor, wait it cool of for 20m for it to cool to 120 or less.

Invert several time while still warm.

Use spectrophotometer to test for COD

Method of stored program (431/430/435 COD ULR/LR/HR)

 e-coli

measured 110ml of sample and poured into bottle.

Mix the sample with one packet of pre-measured colilert reagent.
Poured sample reagent mixture into quanti-tray and seal it.
Place the tray in incubator for 24 hours in temperature of 35 degree.
Sample is observed under ambient light and under UV light.
Under ambient light-yellow is positive for total coliform.
Under uv light-blue fluorescence is positive for e-coli.

Conductivity and suspended solid

Turn on apparatus.
Poured sample into bottle.
Washed probe with distilled water.
Insert probe into distilled water.
Press COND or TDS to get the value and wait for reading to stabilize.
Record the reading.