Question 4

a) Analyse the advantage of having waste to energy plant compare to the conventional
landfill for solid waste management
1. Resources saving and recovery greatly expanded
- Metal left in the municipal solid waste stream can be extracted from ash
resulting from incineration and the metal can be recycle
2. Waste to energy is a net greenhouse gas reducer
- waste to energy facilities avoid the production of methane while producing
almost 10 times more electricity from each ton of waste compared to
landfills
3. landfills usage and landfill expansion greatly reduced
- waste to energy facilities typically reduced waste volume by 90%.Fewer
and smaller landfills are needed to process ash and this protect a
valuable natural resources.
4. Trucking of waste long distance can be greatly reduced
- With a waste to energy facility in a community, shorter trucking distance
results in a less pollution

b) Summarize 5 uses of material that having been recovered from municipal solid waste
that will benefit human being and environment
5 materials can be recover from the municipal solid waste are paper product, glass,
aluminium, steel, and some plastic. These things will recovered and recycle into a primary
and also secondary recycling. In the primary recycling, the material will recycle not into the
new product but still retain in the same type. In the secondary recycling, the material will
convert into the different product. The first example is the bottle or the glass product, with the
recovered of the glass it will save enough energy to power a computer for 25 minutes.
Besides, the glass can be used again and again. The recovered of the paper, will reduces
the pollution to the surrounding. The third example, the recovered of the plastic it will benefit
the human by also reduced the pollution, because decompose of the plastic will produce
higher carbon dioxide that will effect to greenhouse. For the aluminium and steel, it can be
convert into a new product, thus I will save the human the cost to buy the new one.

Question 7
a) How would you organize the complete flow sheet diagram involving the steps of
collection and conversion of waste paper to produces finished paper

Collection of paper

The paper will produce from the radiate pine thinning

After the tree pine been thinning, it will go into the de-barking drum to be process

Then it will process into the chipper system for the 2nd process

Then, the 3rd process will make into the thermo-mechanical refiner for the last
process in the making of the paper

Conversion of the paper

The 1st process, sorting

- For the conversion of waste paper to produces finished paper is start
from the collection of the old paper

The 2nd process, De-Inking

- This process will move the ink from the old paper.
- This process is achieved by the combination of mechanical shredding and
also chemical means

The 3rd process, it will goes into the cleaning and fine screening
- The pulp is forces through screen with holes of various shape and sizes to
remove small containment such as bits of plastic and glob of glue

The 4th process, it will go into the thermo-mechanical and recycle pulp mix

The last process, make into the paper making machine

- The cleaning pulp is ready to be made into recycle paper
- The recycle paper fibers can be used alone, or blended with the new
wood fibers to give it extra strength or smoothness

b) What conclusion can you draw on the waste paper recycling in terms of economic
development and environmental impact

In terms of the economic development the conclusion can be made from the
effect of the recycling to the economic development, is we can save the energy
and the costs that used in the collection and transportation from the production of
the paper. But, the job that produced by the recycling industry can be a poor
trade to the lost job of the logging, mining and other industries that will be related
to the production of the paper.

For in the terms of environmental impact, the recycling will cause the reduction of
the landfill waste. With the increase of recycling effort from the human activities it
will cause the reduction of the size landfill, thereby will be minimizing the problem
and helping the environment. Secondly, it ill reduces the energy consumption, an
example can be made when the large amount of the energy are required to mine
raw material, process them and transport them around the world. Thus by
recycling the product like plastic, metal, or paper it will save the energy
consumption.

Lastly, it will decrease the pollution. By recycling the old waste, it will the
decrease pollution to environment. Firstly, by reduces the manufacture of fresh
material, littering and landfills, it will avoid the uses of incineration equipment that
cause pollution to the environmental surrounding.