Completely Miscible
equilibrium
Both liquid is soluble in
each other to unlimited
extents
Example : Ethanol and
A as stationary phase while B as
mobile phase
FG: one phase is present, a dilute
solution of solute B in liquid in solvent
A.
G: reached the maximum solubility of
liquid B in liquid A at T1.
GE: Addition of more B then produces
a two-phase system between G and
E :. Dilute saturated solution of B in
C lower and upper critical
. Dilute saturated solution of A in B
D: The overall composition of the
two-phase system
E: form a saturated solution of A in B.
The system becomes a single phase
again at E.
EH: diluting
the solution of A in B.
As the temperature is raised, the
region of liquid-liquid immiscibility
decreases, until at Tc (the critical
solution temperature). Above Tc, the
liquids are completely miscible
Two component liquid-liquid Partially Miscible
each of the liquid is
soluble in the other to a
Miscibility limited extent
Property of substances to mix in Example : water and 1-
all proportions butanol
Calculations
Kd=/
Cs = the concentration of the solute in stationary phase
Cm = the concentration of the solute in mobile phase
How to calculate phase composition
Find the number of moles of each substance in each phase
if 4.0 mol of W and 1.0 mol of B are shaken together at
30C.
xB is (1.0 mol)/(5.0 mol) = 0.20, xaB=0.02, xbB=0.48
nB=naB+nbB=xaBna+xbBnb
Temperature-versus-composition
liquidliquid phase diagrams 1.0 mol=0.02na+0.48(15.0-na)
for
(a) watertriethylamine;-decreasing na= 3.04 mol, nb= 5.00 mol-3.04 mol=1.96 mol
temperature leads to greater
miscibility, naB=xaBna=0.02(3.04 mol)=0.06 mol, nbB=(0.48)1.96
(b) waternicotine;- systems have mol=0.94 mol
naW= na-naB=3.04 mol- 0.06 mol= 2.98mol
solution temperatures.
nbW=nW- naW= (4.0- 2.98) mol=1.02 mol