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Indian Welding Journal

(Official Journal of the Indian Institute of Welding)


Volume 45 No.1 January 2012

REGULAR ARTICLES

Diffusible Hydrogen Measurement in Steel Welds using an


Electrochemical Hydrogen Sensor
Girish Kumar Padhy, V. Ramasubbu, N. Murugesan, C. Remash and S.K. Albert
pp. 35-46.

ABSTRACT
Diffusible hydrogen (H ) measurement in steel welding consumables having cellulose, rutile and basic
coating
has been carried out using a Proton Exchange Membrane Based Hydrogen Sensor (PEMHS). The sensor
is an
electrochemical fuel cell based device which uses Nafion@117 as proton exchange membrane
electrolyte. This
can detect hydrogen in an Ar+H mixture with detectable limit of 1 ppm. Further, H measurements have
also
been carried out on basic coated electrodes of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel, with very low levels of H
content.
Results obtained have been compared with those obtained from H measurement using mercury
manometer
as per standard ISO 3690. One to one correlation has been obtained between these two different
methods of
measurements. This sensor has shown good sensitivity, accuracy and precision hence is reliable for H
measurement. In addition to the above measurement, this method was used to study hydrogen
evolution from
the weldments as a function of time. The paper presents and discusses the principles of H
measurement using
this sensor, its applications for H measurements in weldment, the results obtained, its application to
study the
hydrogen evolution from weldment as a function of time and the possibility of using this sensor for
measurement of hydrogen evolved from the weld specimens at high temperatures.

Dissimilar Metal Gas Tungsten Arc Weldments of Maraging Steel and


Medium Alloy Medium Carbon Steel Effect of Post-weld Heat
Treatments
P. Venkata Ramana and G. Madhusudhan Reddy
pp. 47-48, 53-62.

ABSTRACT
Maraging steel and medium alloy medium carbon steels exhibit their best mechanical properties such
as tensile
strength and toughness in their respective heat treatment conditions. Gas tungsten arc welding of
maraging
steel and medium alloy medium carbon steel was carried out taking both the steels in soft annealed
condition.

1
Later the weldments were subjected independently to two post-weld heat treatments, one
corresponding to
the maraging steel i.e. solutionising at 815 oC/1 hr/air cooled & aging at 480oC/3 hrs/air cooled, and the
other
corresponding to medium alloy medium carbon steel i.e. quenching at 925 oC/35 min/air cooled &
tempering at
295oC/45 min/air cooled. The effect of post-weld heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical
properties such as hardness, tensile strength and impact toughness of the dissimilar metal welds of
maraging
steel and medium alloy medium carbon steel was investigated. The influence of filler materials was
also studied
by employing maraging steel and medium alloy medium carbon steel fillers. Maraging steel welds
responded to
the solutionising and aging treatment whereas the medium alloy medium carbon steel welds
responded to
quenching and tempering. Lowering of the hardness was observed at the interaction of maraging steel
and
medium alloy medium carbon steel due to the diffusion of manganese. Medium alloy medium carbon
steel filler
welds showed good strength and toughness properties.

2
Root Cause Analysis of Failure in Hot and Cold Mixing Point in
Hydrogen Generation Unit (HGU)due to Thermal Fatigue
Phenonmenon
Mahendra Pal and Mayank Banjare
pp. 63-68.

ABSTRACT

In a Process unit there are several streams that are exchanging heat to optimize the unit operation. In
the HGU
at IOCL, Guwahati refinery repetitive failures were observed in a 2 , SS 304 pipe at this hot and cold
mixing
point. The investigation revealed that the two streams were handling fluid at a temperature of 40 oC
and 160oC,
the difference being 120oC. These huge temperature differences lead to thermal gradient across the
wall
thickness of the pipe and also along the length of the pipe surface in the flow direction. The inner
surface of the
pipe seeing a higher temperature than the outer surface and therefore more expansion at inner
surface. Due to
this thermal fatigue phenomenon and hindered expansion severe stresses were observed at the inner
surface
of pipe leading to crack initiation and further propagation across the wall thickness. As a temporary
measure
the joint was replaced with identical pipe with higher thickness (schedule), and as a permanent
solution it was
suggested to replace the mixing point with an injection Quill design to avert the huge thermal
gradient

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