ESTADSTICA

SURVEY
OF CULTURAL
HABITS
AND PRACTICES
IN SPAIN
2014-2015
SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS
 Catlogo de publicaciones del Ministerio: www.mecd.gob.es
Catlogo general de publicaciones oficiales: publicacionesoficiales.boe.es

Elaborated by Department General of Statistics and Studies. Technical General Secretariat

Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport

October 2015

MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIN, CULTURA

Y DEPORTE

Edita:
SECRETARA GENERAL TCNICA
Subdireccin General de
Documentacin y Publicaciones

NIPO 030-15-229-4

2 Survey of Cultural Habits and Practices | Synthesis of results


Survey of Cultural Habits and Practices in
Spain
2014 2015
Introduction
The project presented, the Survey of Cultural
Habits and Practices in Spain 2014-2015, official
statistics for every four years which is included in
the National Statistics Plan, is a sample survey
carried out by the Ministry of Education, Culture
and Sport and directed towards a sample of 16,000
people aged 15 and older. The survey received the
invaluable collaboration of the National Institute of
Statistics for certain aspects of the work, those
relative to sample design.
The survey has several aims: firstly, to evaluate
the development of the main indicators for cultural
habits and practices of the Spanish people and,
secondly, to analyze relevant aspects in the field of
culture, especially with regard to cultural
consumption, and to make an in-depth study into
the ways of obtaining specific cultural products
which are subject to intellectual property rights,
such as books, recorded music, video and
software.
The survey lends continuity to the work carried
out in 2010-2011 and again becomes a vehicle for
addressing some of the need for statistical
information contained in the Government's
Comprehensive Plan for the Reduction and
Elimination of Infringement of Intellectual Property
Government's Rights. Additionally, the results of
the survey are considered useful for the purposes
of that contained in the General Strategic Plan on
Culture 2012-2015 of the Ministry, and very
specifically with regard to the strategy 5.3, which
relates to the progress in the fight against new
forms of infringement of intellectual property
rights on the Internet.
Survey of Cultural Habits and Practices | Synthesis of results
SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS
Introduction and brief methodological
reference
Comments on main results
Summary tables
Cultural participation has been investigated
across different cultural activities: museums, art
galleries, archives and monuments; reading of
books and periodicals and libraries; performing
and musical arts: theatre, opera, operetta, ballet or
dance and circus; classical and contemporary
music; the audiovisual and new technologies
sector: cinema, video, television and radio, video
games, computer and Internet, as well as other
activities related to culture and leisure. Activities
susceptible to the infringement of intellectual
property rights have been investigated in the areas
of books, music, video and software.
The classification characteristics used in the
project are: gender, age, educational level and
personal or professional status. Also, the results
are presented according to the individual's place
of residence: the size of municipality and
autonomous region.
The Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports
appreciates the invaluable collaboration of the
respondents and offers users the possible
expansion on the information contained in the
different instruments used to disseminate the
survey, wherever allowed by the limitations of the
survey derived from the sampling method.
We hope that the results provide us with an
instrument for a better understanding of the
cultural participation of the Spanish people and its
development.
The methodological details are available on
www.mecd.gob.es, along with the full results of
the survey.
3
SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS
Brief methodological reference
The gathering of individual information began in
June 2014 and it was done in the month following
each of the quarterly periods to which most of the
information refers, in order to register the activity
of the quarter prior to the moment of the survey,
thereby reducing the possible negative effect of a
more long term memory of certain activities, and
at the same time capturing the variability that plays
out across a natural year.
The quarterly reference periods encompass,
overall, a natural year between March 2014 and
February 2015, and correspond to un-natural
quarters, that being considered more appropriate
for the study of the variables which are the object
of this project.
It is a two-phase sample, with a stratification of
first-phase units, in which each autonomous
region is considered an independent population.
The first phase sample units are selected census
areas and the second phase units, population of
people 15 years and over. In each autonomous
region a stratification of first phase units was
effected, in keeping with the size of the
municipality that each section belongs to.
The theoretical sample amounted,
approximately, to 16,500 second-phase units,
people of 15 years or more. The first phase sample
sizes were conditioned by the average number of
interviews per section, which was set at 14, taking
into account cost and efficiency reasons for field
work.
Second-phase units were defined in each of the
autonomous regions in keeping with criteria that
were a compromise between the uniform and the
proportional. The definition of sections of the
regional communities in the diverse strata
determined by the size of the municipality was
done slightly more proportionally in those strata
containing greater municipalities or capital cities of
provinces.
The aims of this survey required an adequate
estimation of the differences derived from cultural
behavior patterns associated to different times of
the year, with each of them having to be
accurately represented. That being the aim, it was
decided to spread the entire sample out into four
quarterly sub-samples that allowed us to register
the activity of the quarter immediately prior to the
moment of the sample, thereby reducing the
possible negative effect of a more long term
memory of certain activities, and at the same time
capturing the variable that plays out over the
4 Survey of Cultural Habits and Practices | Synthesis of results
course of a natural year
The selection of first phase sample units,
selected census areas, was done via the
application of systematic sampling method, with a
random beginning within each stratus. Each
section was assigned a selection probability
proportional to its number of inhabitants.
Within each section, the selection of second-
phase units was carried out with equal probability,
and via the systematic random beginning sampling
method, with the core elements ordered in terms
of age and sex. The substitute sample was selected
in each strata in the same manner. The first and
second phase sample selection was done by the
National Institute of Statistics, using a framework
of people as gauged from the National Population
Census figures available at the time when the
survey was begun.
Reason estimators, separated for stratified
sampling, were used - strata being the crossed
differences between autonomous regions and size
ranges of municipalities. Population projections
per autonomous region and municipality size at
the central moment of the reference period were
used as auxiliary variables.
The final estimator is obtained by applying
balancing techniques to the previous estimator in
each autonomous region, with the population
projection of each autonomous region by age
group and sex being used as an external source.
Proportions are estimated using reason estimators.
The sampling error, under the P=Q=0,5
hypothesis, is of 0,8%, with a 95% degree of
accuracy.
All the phases of the survey were subject to
strict quality control, which has great bearing on
the content and solidity of the questionnaires; any
possible difficulties encountered in the course of
field work and in the treatment of the same are
catered for.
The questionnaires were carefully looked at in
order to detect any possible errors: the valid and
invalid values were analyzed, as was the
aggregated behavior of some variables and their
distribution was studied according to classification
variables and comparisons were made with other
statistical sources.
Beyond that task, the questionnaire file was
subjected to a series of procedures in order to
secure factors of elevation and adjustment and so
constitute a file whose results could be fully
exploited.
 SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS

Figure 1 Most common cultural activities

Main annual indicators on cultural participation
(As a percentage) according to the results of the survey

READING (Read books) 62,2

The results of the survey indicate that the most
Books related to profession or studies
common cultural activities, in annual terms, are
Books not related to profession or studies listening to music, reading and going to the
In paper format cinema, with rates of 87,2%, 62,2% and 54%,
In digital format
respectively.
These activities are followed by the attendance
Accessed via the Internet
to live performances, 43,5%, among them being
LIBRARIES (Went or accessed) 25,6 contemporary music concerts at 24,5%, and the
Go to a library theatre at 23,2%. Less frequently attended are
Access via the Internet concerts of classical music at 8,6%, circus shows at
MUSEUMS, EXHIBITIONS AND ART GALLERIES (Visited) 39,4
7,7%, ballet or dance at 7%, opera at 2,6%, or
operetta at 1,8%.
Museums
Every year 41,4% of the surveyed population
Exhibitions visits monuments, and 16,6% visit archaeological
Art Galleries sites, 42,8% overall. With regard to visits to mu-
MONUMENTS AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES (Visited) 42,8
seums, exhibitions and art galleries, the annual
rate stands at 39,4% of the surveyed population.
Monuments
25,6% of the population surveyed goes to a library
Archaeological sites
or access one online every year. Archives are
ARCHIVES ( Attended or visited) 5,6 visited annually by 5,6% of the surveyed group.
PERFORMING AND MUSICAL ARTS (Attended) 43,5 The survey also investigates active cultural
PERFORMING ARTS (Attended) 29,9
practices, the kind of artistic activities which are
carried out annually by the people surveyed. The
Theatre
main activities are those related to visual arts such
Opera as photography with 28,9% or painting or drawing
Operetta with 13,7%. These are followed by writing with
Ballet or dance 7,8%, those related to the musical arts: 7,8% plays
an instrument and 2,4% sings in a choir, and those
Circus
related to the performing arts: 2,2% for theatre and
MUSICAL ARTS (Attended) 29,2
4,9% for dance or ballet.
Classical music concerts

Contemporary music concerts

CINEMA (Attended) 54,0

0 25 50 75

Figure 2 Figure 3
People who have practiced artistic activities in the last People who have practiced activities in the last month
year (As a percentage)
(As a percentage)

Writing
Painting or drawing
Listen to music
Other plastic arts
Making photos Read periodic publication
Making videos Listen to the radio
Designing web pages
Watch video
Other audiovisual arts
Making theatre Watch TV

Dance, ballet Use video games

Flamenco
Use the computer for leisure reasons
Playing a musical instrument
Use the Internet for leisure reasons
Singing in a choir
Others linked to the music 0 25 50 75 100
Other artistic activities
0 10 20 30

Survey of Cultural Habits and Practices | Synthesis of results 5

 SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS

Figure 4 Museums, exhibitions and art galleries

People according to the visits to museums
(As a percentage)

Have
visited in Overall, 39,4% of the surveyed population made a
the last visit to a museum, exhibition or art gallery in the
year
33,2% last year.

33,2% visited a museum in the last year.

Attendance rates are slightly higher in women,
increase significantly with decreasing age and
Have not
increasing educational level.
visited in This is a satisfied audience, with an average
the last
year satisfaction rating of 8,3 points. 92,2% of people
66,8% who visited a museum in the last year did so for
leisure or entertainment, compared to 7,8% who
said that the reason for their visit was professional
Figure 5
People according to the visits to museums in the last or educational.
year by characteristics 53,2% of visits to museums were at weekends
(As a percentage) or public holidays and the rest, 46,8%, on a
weekday. 27,1% of those who visited museums in
TOTAL 33,2
the last year did so in their hometown, 25,3% in
GENDER
their Autonomic Region, 30,4% in the rest of Spain
Men
Women
and 17,3% abroad.
AGE GROUP
Almost half of the visitors to a museum, 49,4%,
15 to 19 years paid the entrance fee at the normal price, while
20 to 24 years 16,2% used a discount or a season ticket and
25 to 34 years 34,4% with free admission.
35 to 44 years Admission during open days represents, in the
45 to 54 years period analyzed, 3% of total admissions of those
55 to 64 years surveyed. Among those who attended through
65 to 74 years paid admission, 7,4% purchased tickets online.
75 years and over As regards activities in the museum, 96,3% go
EDUCATIONAL LEVEL to visit a permanent or temporary exhibition, and
Basic education without diploma or below 14% for some other activity. For the first time we
Basic education with diploma
have investigated the frequency of virtual online
Baccalaureate
tours to museums, which is 6,7% of the population
Intermediate Vocational Training
in the last year.
Advanced Vocational Training
University education
0 25 50 75
Figure 6 Figure 7
People according to the visits to museums in the last People according to the visits to museums in the last
year by type of tickets of the last visit year by type
(As a percentage) (As a percentage)

Tickets with Art museum

some discount or museums
subscription 60
16,2% Archaeological
General museums 40 and history
museums
20
Free entry day
3,0%
0
Specialized Natural history and
FREE museums natural science
ADMISSION museums
34,4%
Others Ethnography and Science and
31,4% Anthropology technology
museums museums

Full price ticket

49,4% Men Women

6 Survey of Cultural Habits and Practices | Synthesis of results

 SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS

Figure 8 23,8% of the surveyed population has visited an

People according to the visits to exhibitions exhibition in the last year. With regard to the
(As a percentage)
frequency of attendance, those who visited an
exhibition in the last quarter did so, on average,
Total have 2,1 times each.
visited in
the last 91,8% of people who visited an exhibition in
year the last year did so for leisure or entertainment,
23,8%
compared to 8,2% who said that the reason for
their visit was professional or educational. More
than half of the visits took place at a weekend or
Have not
public holiday, 53,5%, compared to 46,5% that
visited in took place on a weekday.
the last
year The levels of attendance for art galleries are
76,2% much lower than those seen in museums and
exhibitions. 12,7% of the surveyed population has
visited an art gallery in the last year.
91,1% of people who visited an art gallery in
Figure 9
People according to the visits to art galleries the last year did so for leisure or entertainment,
(As a percentage) compared to 8,9% who said that their visit was
professional or educational. Almost half of the
Total have visits took place at a weekend or public holiday,
visited in
the last 49,4%, compared to 50,6% that took place on a
year
12,7% weekday.
In this edition of the survey different questions
related to the art market have been included. The
main results indicate that 1,1% of the population
has attended an auction or art fair in the last year,
0,9% has made some kind of purchase and 0,6%
Have not class themselves as art collectors. In all three cases
visited in
the last slightly higher rates are observed in men.
year
87,3%

Figure 10 Figure 11
People according to the visits to exhibitions in the last People according to the visits to art galleries in the last
year by characteristics year by characteristics
(As a percentage) (As a percentage)

TOTAL 23,8 TOTAL 12,7

GENDER GENDER
Men Men
Women Women
AGE GROUP AGE GROUP
15 to 19 years 15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years 20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years 25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years 35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years 45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years 55 to 64 years
65 to 74 years 65 to 74 years
75 years and over 75 years and over
EDUCATIONAL LEVEL EDUCATIONAL LEVEL
Basic education without diploma or below Basic education without diploma or below
Basic education with diploma Basic education with diploma
Baccalaureate Baccalaureate
Intermediate Vocational Training Intermediate Vocational Training
Advanced Vocational Training Advanced Vocational Training
University education University education
0 20 40 60 0 10 20 30

Survey of Cultural Habits and Practices | Synthesis of results 7

SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS

Figure 12 Monuments and archeological sites

People according to the visits to monuments
(As a percentage)

Total have 41,4% of the population visited a monument in the

visited in last year. These rates are highest among men and
the last
year among those with higher levels of education.
41,4% Those who attended in the last quarter did so with
a high level of frequency, 4,2 times on average.
94% of people who visited a monument in the
last year did so for leisure or entertainment,
compared to 6% who said that the reason for their
Have not visit was professional or educational.
visited in
the last More than half of the visits took place at a
year weekend or public holiday, 55,5%, compared to
58,6%
44,5% that took place on a weekday.
30,5% of the population has a special interest in
Figure 13 archaeological sites. 16,6% visited them in the last
People according to the visits to archeological sites year and 7,3% in the quarter, an average of 2,1
(As a percentage) times.
Total have 92% of people visited a site in the last year for
visited in leisure or entertainment, compared to 8% who
the last
year said that the reason for their visit was professional
16,6% or educational.
More than half of the visits took place at a
weekend or public holiday, 55,5%, compared to
44,5% that took place on a weekday.
Overall, 42,8% of the surveyed population in
the last year made a visit to a monument or
archaeological site.
Have not
visited in
the last
year
83,4%

Figure 14 Figure 15
People according to the visits to monuments in the last People according to the visits to archeological sites in
year by characteristics the last year by characteristics
(As a percentage) (As a percentage)

TOTAL 41,4 TOTAL 16,6

GENDER GENDER
Men Men
Women Women
AGE GROUP AGE GROUP
15 to 19 years 15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years 20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years 25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years 35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years 45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years 55 to 64 years
65 to 74 years 65 to 74 years
75 years and over 75 years and over
EDUCATIONAL LEVEL EDUCATIONAL LEVEL
Basic education without diploma or below Basic education without diploma or below
Basic education with diploma Basic education with diploma
Baccalaureate Baccalaureate
Intermediate Vocational Training Intermediate Vocational Training
Advanced Vocational Training Advanced Vocational Training
University education University education
0 25 50 75 0 15 30 45

8 Survey of Cultural Habits and Practices | Synthesis of results

 SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS

Figure 16 Libraries and archives

People according to the attendance or online access to
libraries in the last year
(As a percentage) Every year one in four people, 25,6% of the
Total
surveyed population, goes to a library or accesses
60 one online. The attendance in person is estimated,
in annual terms, at 22,7% compared to 7,9% for
40
online access.
20
Both for the attendance in person and the
online access to a library, employment status, age
0 and educational level are determinants.
With respect to age, in all cases the highest
levels of attendance are found among the
Go to a Online
library access youngest, and the levels registered among students
are particularly high.
Those who went to the library in the last
15 a 24 years 25 a 54 years 55 years and over
quarter attended, on average, 10,4 times each, and
Figure 17 15,9 times for those who accessed them online.
People according to the attendance to libraries in the 89,5% of those who went to the library did so
last year by characteristics from Monday to Thursday, showing a much lower
(As a percentage)
occurrence on Fridays, 5,3%, and at weekends,
TOTAL 22,7 5,2%.
GENDER 61% did not take their own books.
Men
Women
The main reasons for going to a library, among
AGE GROUP those attending each quarter, continue to be to
15 to 19 years
look up information, at 27,4%, or to borrow books
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years at 24,5%.
35 to 44 years 18,9% of those who go every quarter do so to
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
study and 9,6% go to accompany other people.
65 to 74 years While visiting archives is not one of the most
75 years and over popular activities among the surveyed population,
EDUCATIONAL LEVEL
Basic education without diploma or below
5,6% made such visits in the last year, a figure
Basic education with diploma which rises to 14,1% in the student population.
Baccalaureate
Intermediate Vocational Training
Advanced Vocational Training
University education
0 25 50 75

Figure 18 Figure 19
People according to online access to libraries in the last People according to the visits to archives
year by characteristics (As a percentage)
(As a percentage)

TOTAL 7,9
GENDER Total have
Men visited in
Women the last
AGE GROUP
year
5,6%
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 to 74 years
75 years and over
Have not
EDUCATIONAL LEVEL visited in
Basic education without diploma or below the last
Basic education with diploma year
Baccalaureate
94,4%
Intermediate Vocational Training
Advanced Vocational Training
University education
0 10 20 30

Survey of Cultural Habits and Practices | Synthesis of results 9

 SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS

Figure 20 Reading
People who have read book last year
(As a percentage)

In the last quarter Between three months and one year 62,2% of the surveyed population reads at least
one book a year, representing an increase of 3,5
TOTAL 62,2 percentage points over 2010-2011. The survey
GENDER
makes the distinction between reading done for
Men
professional or educational reasons and reading
Women

AGE GROUP
for other reasons: leisure or free time.
15 to 19 years
The results show to what extent non-
20 to 24 years
professional reasons are important motives for
25 to 34 years reading, those who read annually for this reason
35 to 44 years being 56% of those surveyed, compared with 29%
45 to 54 years of the population who read for reasons related to
55 to 64 years
their profession or studies. Annual reading rates
65 to 74 years
rise very significantly with increasing educational
75 years and over
level, reaching, among those with a university
PERSONAL SITUATION

Single at home with their parents

education, 91,7% last year and 84,1% in the last
Independent single, divorced, separated or widowed quarter.
(with or without children)
Married or in couple Reading rates are higher in women, 66,5% in
-without children annual terms, compared with 57,6% in men, and
-with children under 18 years they decrease with age and are above average in
-with childen of 18 years or more at home the under-55's. They are very high among single
-living alone (older children)
people living at home with their parents, 77,8%,
Others
and among couples with younger children, 67,9%.
EDUCATIONAL LEVEL

Basic education without diploma or below

For employment status, the highest values were
Basic education with diploma
observed in students, and in the economically
Baccalaureate
active.
Intermediate Vocational Training The survey investigates the format of book
Advanced Vocational Training used by the annual readers: 59% of the total
University education surveyed population uses paper books and 17,7%
0 25 50 75 100
digital books. 5,7% of the population claims to
read books directly online, 6% through a digital
book reader and 1,8% using other mobile media.

Figure 21 Figure 22
People who have read book for non-professional reasons People who have read book last year according to the
last year format
(As a percentage) (As a percentage)

Digital books
In the last three months Between three months and one year 33

TOTAL 56,0
22
GENDER

Men Other fotmats 11 Directly online

Women

AGE GROUP
0

15 to 19 years

20 to 24 years

25 to 34 years

35 to 44 years Other mobile A digital book

media reader
45 to 54 years

55 to 64 years

65 to 74 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 55 years and over

75 years and over

0 30 60 90

10 Survey of Cultural Habits and Practices | Synthesis of results

 SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS

Figure 23 With regard to the subject chosen by those who

People who have read books not related to the read quarterly, 92,5% chose works of literary
profession or studies in a quarter according to the
subject (As a percentage) creation and 57,3% publication, information and
not professional books. Among the former the
LITERARY CREATION 92,5 importance of the contemporary novel stands out
Contemporary novel at 75,3%, followed by the classic novel, 24,7%, and
Classic novel
biographies or memoirs, 8,8%. Among those who
have read non-fiction books, the highest
Biography or memory books
percentages by subject are seen in history,
Infantile, juvenile followed by philosophy or psychology, and social
Poetry sciences or humanities.
In this edition of the survey digital reading has
Comics and comics stripe
been analyzed by subject. In this case the highest
Theatre figures are reached in non-fiction books which
0 25 50 75 100 deal with physics, chemistry, mathematics or IT, at
46,9%, or fiction books such as science fiction
PUBLICATION, INFORMATION AND NOT
PROFESSIONAL BOOKS
57,3 novels, 45,1%, or comics and cartoons at 44,7%.
History Those who read for leisure and entertainment
Philosophy, psychology in the last year did not express a preference for
Social science reading on specific days of the week. 60,6% of
Political and economy them are indifferent, 22,4% prefer reading on
Medicine and natural science weekdays and the remaining 17% at the weekend
Religion and theology or on a public holiday. 21,5% of them prefer to do
Physics, chemistry and mathematics science
Encyclopaedias and encyclopaedic
this activity on vacation and 11,9% during work
dictionaries periods, with the remaining 66,6% reading at any
Cinema, music, theatre
time.
Sports and games
As regards where reading occurs, 92,1% shows
Plastics and graphic arts, photography
a preference for their home, and even though it
0 20 40 60
has a lower numerical significance, transport
Figure 24 comes second as the preferred place for reading
People who have read digital books in a quarter with 3,3%.
according to the subject
(As a percentage)

LITERARY CREATION 87,0

Contemporary novel

Classic novel

Biography or memory books Figure 25

People who have read books last year according to the
Infantile, juvenile
place
Poetry (As a percentage)

Comics and comics stripe

Men Women
Theatre

0 25 50 75 100
Transport

PUBLICATION, INFORMATION AND NOT

PROFESSIONAL BOOKS 49,7

History

Philosophy, psychology Work

Social science

Political and economy

Medicine and natural science

Library
Religion and theology

Physics, chemistry and mathematics science

Encyclopaedias and encyclopaedic
dictionaries
Cinema, music, theatre Others

Sports and games

Plastics and graphic arts, photography 0 2 4 6

0 20 40 60

Survey of Cultural Habits and Practices | Synthesis of results 11

 SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS

Figure 26 79,7% of the population usually reads press or

People who usually read press or periodical at least once periodicals at least once a month. 26,8% of those
a month according to the type
(As a percentage) surveyed read online, but readers continue to
prefer newspapers or periodicals on paper with
68,8% of readers at least once a month.
The free press is consulted each month by 51,8%
TOTAL
90 of those surveyed.
With regard to the general press, 38,8% of the
60
population usually reads every day, 64,7% at least
Others magazines 30 Daily press of
general information
once a week or at the weekend and 70,4% of the
population at least once a month.
0
Monthly reading is much higher in men, 77,8%,
than among women, 63,4%, in the middle age
groups, peaking in the 35-44 age group, 79,4%,
Cultural magazines Sports press
and the employed with 81,5%.
The level of education is again decisive, with
this indicator reaching 88% among those with
Men Women
university education.
Among the monthly readers of the non-sports
Figure 27 press, 30,7% always read the culture section, 20,2%
People who usually read press or periodical at least once read the science and technology section, 18,8% the
a month according to the format film reviews, 14,9% the television reviews, 13,1%
(As a percentage)
the music reviews, 9,3% the theatre reviews, 8,6%
art and exhibitions reviews, and 4,8% the
TOTAL 79,7 bullfighting reviews.
On paper. Total 68,8 41,9% of the population usually reads
Online. Total 26,8 magazines at least once a month, 20,6% in the
On paper. Free 32,9
case of cultural magazines.
Reading blogs at least once a month is done by
On paper. Payed 47,9
14% of the surveyed population. This figure is
Online. Free 26,3 6,7% if it is for profession or educational reasons
Online. Payed 1,0 and reaches 10,3% when it comes to non-
0 30 60 90 professional reasons.

Figure 28 Figure 29
People who usually read press or periodical at least once People who usually read blogs at least once a month
a month by characteristics according reasons
(As a percentage) (As a percentage)

Total
TOTAL 79,7 30
GENDER
Men
20
Women
AGE GROUP
15 to 19 years 10
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
0
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 to 74 years
Leisure Profession
75 years and over or studies
EDUCATIONAL LEVEL
Basic education without diploma or below
15 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 55 years and over
Basic education with diploma
Baccalaureate
Intermediate Vocational Training
Advanced Vocational Training
University education
0 25 50 75 100

12 Survey of Cultural Habits and Practices | Synthesis of results

 SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS

Figure 30 Live performing arts and musical shows

People according to the attendance to live performing
(As a percentage)
Every year, 43,5% of the populations attends live
Theatre
30 cultural events. These activities are more common
among women and the younger population.
20
23,2% of the surveyed population went to the
Circus 10 Opera theatre in the last year. This activity is more
common among women at 25,7%, compared to
0 20,6% of men, and in the younger population,
peaking at 33,2% in the 15-19 age groups.
Among those who attended in the last year,
31,5% went to a contemporary form of theatre,
21,4% to musical theatres, 18,3% to classical
Dance or
ballet Operetta theatre, 10,2% to avant-garde theatre, and 9,4% to
children's theatre.
Men Women
Practically all of them, 93,2%, went to facilities
intended for this purpose, and those who attended
Figure 31
People according to the attendance at the theatre at temporary facilities or those used for other
(As a percentage) purposes show a rise of than 1,6 percentage
Have
points.
attended 61,1% went during a weekend, 15,8% of the
in t he last
year participants did so with free admission, 15,3% with
23,2%
a season ticket or some kind of discount, and
68,9%, 2,1 percentage points less than in the last
edition of the survey, paid their entry at the
normal price. Among those who didn't get free
Have not
entry 33,4% paid for tickets online.
attended
in t he last
23,4% of those surveyed think that the main
year
76,8%
reason for not going or not going more often to
the theatre is the lack of time, followed by the lack
of interest with 22,5%, the price with 19% and the
Figure 32 lack of things on offer with 14%. Only 1,3%
People according to the attendance at the theatre last
year by characteristics considered the reason to be that they prefer to see
(As a percentage) it on video, television or online.
In the last three months Between three months and one year

TOTAL 23,2
GENDER
Figure 33
Men People who have attended at the theatre in the last year
Women according to the theatrical gender of the last attendance
(As a percentage)
AGE GROUP

15 to 19 years

20 to 24 years

25 to 34 years Contemporary theatre

35 to 44 years

45 to 54 years
Musical theatre

55 to 64 years
Classical theatre
65 to 74 years

75 years and over Avant-garde theatre

EDUCATIONAL LEVEL
Children's theatre
Basic education without diploma or below

Basic education with diploma Others

Baccalaureate
0 15 30 45
Intermediate Vocational Training

Advanced Vocational Training

University education

0 20 40 60

Survey of Cultural Habits and Practices | Synthesis of results 13

SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS

Figure 34 After the theatre, the circus is the next most

People according to the attendance to the circus in the popular type of show, and the one with the next
last year by characteristics
(As a percentage) highest annual attendance, 7,7%.
TOTAL 7,7 This figure, slightly higher among women,
GENDER peaks among the 35-44 age group who, whether
Men
Women married or with a partner, live with children under
AGE GROUP 18 years.
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
The traditional type of circus comes top, with
25 to 34 years 68,9%, followed by contemporary circus with
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
20,8%. 72,4% of people who go to this type of
55 to 64 years show do so at the weekend or on a public
65 to 74 years
75 years and over
holiday. 6,8% gained free admission, 16,6% with a
EDUCATIONAL LEVEL discount, and 76,6% at the normal entry price,
Basic education without diploma or below
Basic education with diploma
76,1% purchased through the box office, and
Baccalaureate 19,3% online.
Intermediate Vocational Training Attendance rates for dance are very close to
Advanced Vocational Training
University education those for the circus, 7% of the population attended
0 6 12 18 this kind of show in the last year.
Also in this activity observed rates are higher
Figure 35 among women, 8,6% compared to 5,3% among
People according to the attendance at the opera in the
last year by characteristics men. By type classic ballet performances stand out
(As a percentage) with 37%, followed by Spanish or flamenco dance,
TOTAL 2,6 17,9%, contemporary dance, 20,3%, or folk and
GENDER ethnic dance, 9%.
Men
Women
More than half went at weekends, 56%. 33,1%
AGE GROUP did so with free admission, 14,8% with a season
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
ticket or a discount, and 82,5% in facilities
25 to 34 years dedicated for this purpose.
35 to 44 years Among those who didn't get free entry, 26,8%
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
purchased their tickets online.
65 to 74 years Attendance figures are much lower for opera
75 years and over
and operetta, which register as having 2,6% and
EDUCATIONAL LEVEL
Basic education without diploma or below 1,8%, respectively, in the last year.
Basic education with diploma
Baccalaureate
Intermediate Vocational Training
Advanced Vocational Training
University education
0 3 6 9

Figure 36 Figure 37
People according to the attendance at the operetta in People according to the attendance at the ballet/dance
the last year by characteristics in the last year by characteristics
(As a percentage) (As a percentage)
TOTAL 1,8 TOTAL 7,0
GENDER GENDER
Men Men
Women Women
AGE GROUP AGE GROUP
15 to 19 years 15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years 20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years 25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years 35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years 45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years 55 to 64 years
65 to 74 years 65 to 74 years
75 years and over 75 years and over
EDUCATIONAL LEVEL EDUCATIONAL LEVEL
Basic education without diploma or below Basic education without diploma or below
Basic education with diploma Basic education with diploma
Baccalaureate Baccalaureate
Intermediate Vocational Training Intermediate Vocational Training
Advanced Vocational Training Advanced Vocational Training
University education University education
0 2 4 6 0 5 10 15

14 Survey of Cultural Habits and Practices | Synthesis of results

 SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS

Figure 38 One in four people attended contemporary music

People according to the attendance to concerts concerts in the last year, 24,5% of the surveyed
(As a percentage)
population. The rates are higher among men, at
Total
25,9%, than among women, and among young
60 people under 25 years.
Among the preferred genres Spanish pop-rock
40 stands out significantly with 46,8%, followed a
long way behind by foreign pop-rock with 8,5%,
20 singer-songwriters with 6,4%, and flamenco with
3,8%.
0
60,4% of these concerts took place in
temporary facilities or those used for other
Contemporary Classical music
purposes and 74,6% were held at the weekend.
music concerts concerts The percentage of those who attended with
free admission stood at 39,5%. Among those who
15 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 55 years and over
paid for their ticket, 35,9% did so online.
The main barriers to attending this type of
Figure 39 show include lack of time at 24,7%, the price at
People according to the attendance to contemporary 21,3%, and a lack of interest at 18%.
music concerts by characteristics
(As a percentage) 8,6% of the population attended a classical
TOTAL 24,5
music concert in the last year. Attendance rates are
GENDER higher among women, with 9,2%, than among
Men men, with 7,9%, and among people in the 45-74
Women
AGE GROUP age group.
15 to 19 years As for the type of concert on their last visit, in
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
48,6% of cases it was a symphony orchestra, in
35 to 44 years 12,6% a chamber group, in 12,5% a choir or
45 to 54 years singing group, and in 6,6% a soloist.
55 to 64 years
65 to 74 years Online access to shows or musical
75 years and over performances has also been investigated: 5,3% of
EDUCATIONAL LEVEL
Basic education without diploma or below
the population accesses virtual stage shows, with
Basic education with diploma the theatre at 2,4%, or dance at 2%, and lower
Baccalaureate
Intermediate Vocational Training
figures for opera at 1,3%, circus at 1,2%, or
Advanced Vocational Training operetta at 0,5%. Higher rates are observed for
University education people who have seen a concert of contemporary
0 20 40 60
music online, at 10,1%. 3,1% access classical music
concerts in the same way.
Figure 40
People according to the attendance to classical music Figure 41
concerts by characteristics People according to online access to shows or musical
(As a percentage) performances
(As a percentage)

TOTAL 8,6
GENDER
Men
Contemporary music concerts
Women
AGE GROUP Classical music concerts
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years Theatre
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years Ballet / dance
55 to 64 years
65 to 74 years Opera
75 years and over
EDUCATIONAL LEVEL
Circus
Basic education without diploma or below
Basic education with diploma
Baccalaureate Operetta
Intermediate Vocational Training
Advanced Vocational Training 0 4 8 12
University education
0 7 14 21

Survey of Cultural Habits and Practices | Synthesis of results 15

SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS

Figure 42 Music
People according to frequency of the habit of listening to
music
(As a percentage) 65,4% of the population usually listens to music
every day, 82,8% at least once a week and 87,2%
at least once a year. Men listen to music more
Al least once a day 65,4
often, and the most significant differences are
observed by age, the highest figures seen in the
Al least once a week
younger population.
The recording medium most used for listening
Al least once a month
to music continues to be the radio with 78,2%,
followed by physical media such as CD or DVD
Al least once a quarter with 36,4%, and digital media with 32,9%. 29,4%
usually listen to music on their computer or a
Al least once a year device connected to their computer, and 30,3% do
so through mobile phones, representing a
Never or almost never significant rise compared to the last edition of the
survey, which estimated 9,8%.
0 30 60 90 Overall, 22,7% of the population listens to
music directly online, 7,1% through online radio
stations and 19,6% by other media.
Figure 43
With regard to the average length of time spent
People who have listened to music in the last quarter listening to music per day, for those who listen to
according to the musical gender music at least once a week, 82,8% of the
(As a percentage) population, this time stood at 137,9 minutes per
day, being higher during weekdays at 147,2, than
the 133,9 at weekends.
Spanish pop / rock Regarding the place where they usually listen
Foreing pop / rock to music, 83,7% do so at home, 51,1% in the car,
Melodic song 16,4% at work, and 9% on public transport.
Latin pop / rock
The preferred genres of those who usually
listen to music at least once a quarter include
Authors song
Spanish pop-rock with 62%, foreign pop-rock with
Flamenco 44,4%, ballads with 34,2%, Latin pop-rock with
Classical music 33,2%, singer-songwriters with 29,4%, flamenco
New flamenco with 20,5% and classical music with 14,4%.
Another Spanish folk
Electronic, tecno Figure 44
Dance / house
People who have listened to music at last once a week
(As a percentage)
Blues, Soul
TOTAL 82,8
Jazz
GENDER
Rap, Hip hop Men

Reggae Women
AGE GROUP
Hard rock, metal, punk
15 to 19 years
Infantile songs 20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
World music, folk, tnica
35 to 44 years
Opera 45 to 54 years

Lyrical 55 to 64 years
65 to 74 years
Operetta 75 years and over
Others 0 25 50 75 100

0 25 50 75

16 Survey of Cultural Habits and Practices | Synthesis of results

 SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS

Figure 45 Cinema and video

People according to the attendance to the cinema
(As a percentage)
Among cultural events cinema remains by far the
In the last quarter Between three months and one year
most popular. More than half of the population,
54%, goes every year, a figure which among men
TOTAL 54,0 stands at 54,4% and 53,6% among women.
GENDER By age group there are still significant
Men differences, from 86,3% observed among the
Women youngest, to 9,6% in the older population. Single
AGE GROUP people at home with their parents with 78,4%, and
15 to 19 years couples with young children with 60,9%, also
20 to 24 years stand out.
25 to 34 years
Most of those who went to the cinema in the
35 to 44 years
last year did so at weekends, with 58,9%, and the
45 to 54 years
remaining 41,1% on weekdays, particularly the
55 to 64 years
younger and older population among the latter.
65 to 74 years
Three out of four cinemagoers, 73,9%, paid at
75 years and over

PERSONAL SITUATION
the regular price, with those who got some type of
Single at home with their parents
discount concentrated in the younger population
Independent single, divorced, separated or widowed under 25 years old, and in the older population,
(with or without children)
Married or in couple
over 54 years old. 7% of those who paid for tickets
-without children did so online.
-with children under 18 years There is a preference for comedies and action
-with childen of 18 years or more at home movies with 29,7% and 19,6%, respectively. The
-living alone (older children) last film seen was science fiction in 11,7% of cases,
Others drama at 8,5% and 6,5% for adventure.
EDUCATIONAL LEVEL 9,2% watch children's films, or animated films,
Basic education without diploma or below 3,7%.
Basic education with diploma

Baccalaureate

Intermediate Vocational Training

Advanced Vocational Training

University education

0 30 60 90

Figure 46 Figure 47
People who have gone to the cinema in a year according People who have gone to the cinema in a year according
to the kind of movie of the last visit to the kind of ticket of the last visit
(As a percentage) (As a percentage)

Comedy Full price

ticket
Action 90

Science fiction
60
Infantile

Drama 30

Adventure
0
Others

Cartoon
Free Ticket with
Suspense admission some
discount
Thriller

Classic
15 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 55 years and over
Mussical

0 10 20 30

Survey of Cultural Habits and Practices | Synthesis of results 17

 SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS

Figure 48 The theme of the film and the opinion of friends

People who have gone to the cinema last year according and family are crucial in choosing a film, 29,6%
to the reasons for choosing a film
(As a percentage) and 18,6% of cases respectively.
With less importance are advertising with
15,3%, the actors with 12,8%, or the reviews with
11,8%.
Theme
In the last year 2,5% of the population claims to
Opinion of family and friends have gone to a cinema to see other types of
shows.
Advertising
Of these, the most common are concerts, with
Actors 35%, followed by other performance shows, with
24,8%, or a sporting event, with 17,9%.
Reviews
27,6% of those surveyed usually watch videos
Opinion of children at least once a week, 42,1% at least once a month
and 55,6% at least once a year.
Director
37,6% usually watch them on the computer or
0 10 20 30 on devices connected to it, 25,1% directly online
Figure 49
(streaming), figures which show significant
People who have gone to a cinema to see others shows increases since the last edition of the survey, when
(As a percentage) they were estimated at 25,2% and 12,6%,
respectively.
Concerts 75% use physical media (CD, DVD, Blu-Ray)
and 29,4% digital media. 5% usually watch videos
by rental through digital channels. The population
Other performance shows
that watched videos every week spent an average
of 271,5 minutes on this activity.
Sportings events

Others

0 15 30 45

Figure 50 Figure 51
People who usually watch video at least once a month People who usually watch video according the media
(As a percentage) (As a percentage)

TOTAL 42,1
GENDER
Physical media
Men (CD , DVD, Blu -
Women Ray )
90
AGE GROUP
15 to 19 years
60
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
30
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years Rental through
0 Digital media
55 to 64 years digital channels
65 to 74 years
75 years and over
EDUCATIONAL LEVEL
Basic education without diploma or below
Basic education with diploma
Baccalaureate Directly online
(Streaming)
Intermediate Vocational Training
Advanced Vocational Training
15 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 55 years and over
University education
0 25 50 75

18 Survey of Cultural Habits and Practices | Synthesis of results

 SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS

Figure 52 Audiovisual and new technologies

People according to the habit of watching TV or listening
to the radio
(As a percentage)
Men Women Virtually the entire population, 95,7%, watches
TV.
This habit is seen in all groups, regardless of
their personal characteristics or those of their place
Watch TV
of residence, which show very similar figures.
By type of program, 81,9% of the population
usually watches the news, and 71,2% watch
feature films. In third place are series with 62,9%,
Listen to the radio and sports with 34%. 31,6% watch documentaries
and cultural programs, and 21,5% watch cultural-
type game shows.
0 25 50 75 100
7,4% of those who usually watch television
state that they normally use the computer for this,
Figure 53
People who usually watch TV by programs 1,9% their mobile phone and other equipment,
(As a percentage) and 8,9% of the population has watched TV online
in the last month, 3 percentage points more than
News and information in the last edition of the survey.
Series, films/movies 77,6% of those surveyed usually listen to the
Series
Films/movies
radio.
With regard to the type of programs, there is a
Performing arts shows
Theatre clear preference for music programs at 75,6%, and
Other performing arts shows the news, at 56,7%, with chat shows well below,
Music programs with 18,9%, sports programs with 18,8%, and very
Classical music concerts
Contemporary music concerts low figures for documentaries and cultural
Other music programs programs, with 2,6%.9,2% of those who usually
Programs related to reading listens to the radio declared they usually use the
Programs related to bullfight events
Documentaries and cultural programs computer and 10,4% of the population declared
Cultural competitions having listened the radio directly on the Internet
Other competitions last month, 2 percentage points higher than the
Infantile programs
Sports last edition of the survey,
Chat shows
Programs with interviews, performances, etc
Others

Religious Programs
Teleshopping programs
Another programs of entertaining
0 30 60 90

Figure 54 Figure 55
People who usually listen radio by programs People who have watch TV or have listened to the radio
(As a percentage of those usually listen to the radio) directly on the Internet in the last month
(As a percentage)
News

Series, soap operas

Music programs
12
Classical music concerts

Contemporary music concerts

8
Others

Programs related to reading

Programs related to bullfight events

4

Documentaries and cultural programs

Competitions 0
TV Radio
Infantile programs

0 30 60 90

Survey of Cultural Habits and Practices | Synthesis of results 19

 SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS

Figure 56 66,9% of the population uses the Internet for

People who usually use computer according to reasons leisure at least once a month. The intensity of this
by gender
(As a percentage) habit is greater in men and in young people.
This indicator shows the importance of leisure
TOTAL Profession or studies Leisure or free time as drivers of the use of new
75 technologies

Video games
50

13,8% of the population uses video games at least

25 once a month, a figure which is much higher
among men, with 20,2%, than among women,
with 7,8%.
0
TOTAL Men Women
By age the highest figures are found among the
youngest, with 43,5%, decreasing for higher ages,
standing at 2,3% among the older population.
Figure 57
People who usually use the Internet for entertainment or Single people at home with their parents, with
leisure at least once a month 36,1%, also stand out in this activity as well as
(As a percentage) students, with 45,6%.
Among those who played videogames in the
TOTAL 66,9
GENDER
last quarter, half of them, at 49,6%, prefer action or
Men adventure video games, 47,4% usually played
Women strategy games and 33,3% played sports games.
AGE GROUP The most widely used medium is still the
15 to 19 years console, with 64,2%, followed by the computer,
20 to 24 years
with 35,5%, mobile phone with 29%, or the tablet
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
with 20,6%.
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 to 74 years Figure 59
75 years and over People who usually play with video games at least once
EDUCATIONAL LEVEL a month
Basic education without diploma or below
(As a percentage)
Basic education with diploma
Baccalaureate
Intermediate Vocational Training TOTAL 13,8
Advanced Vocational Training GENDER
University education Men
0 25 50 75 100 Women
AGE GROUP
Figure 58 15 to 24 years
People who have played videogames last quarter by
25 to 34 years
media
(As a percentage) 35 to 44 years

Console
45 to 54 years
90
55 years and over
EDUCATIONAL LEVEL
60
Basic education without diploma or below
Basic education with diploma
30
Baccalaureate
Intermediate Vocational Training
Mobile phone 0 Computer
Advanced Vocational Training
University education
0 15 30 45

Tablet

15 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 55 years and over

20 Survey of Cultural Habits and Practices | Synthesis of results

 SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS

Figure 60 Active Cultural Practices and other

People who have practiced artistic activities in the last
year practices related to leisure and culture
(As a percentage)
Men Women The survey also investigates what kind of artistic
Writing activities are done by the people in the survey
Painting or drawing every year, or what might be called active cultural
Other visual arts
practices.
Making photos
Making videos
Those that stand out are those related to the
Designing web pages
visual arts such as photography with 28,9%, or
Other audiovisual arts video with 15%, and painting or drawing, with
Making theatre 13,7%. Writing, with 7,8%, is more common
Dance, ballet among women and in the younger groups.
Flamenco
With regard to musical and performing arts,
Playing a musical instrument
7,8% play an instrument and 2,4% sing in a choir.
Singing in a choir
Other linked to the music
2,2% of the surveyed population makes theatre,
Other artistic activities and 4,9% do ballet or dance, with 1,7% specifically
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 doing flamenco and Spanish dance.
On average 13,5% of those surveyed attended
Figure 61 conferences and round tables in a year. Each year
People who have practiced artistic activities in the last 19,9% of the people surveyed go to cultural
year by age group
(As a percentage) centers.
Over one year 14,5% of the surveyed visited a
zoo or Animal Park, 11,5% a botanical garden and
Writing
45 13,7% theme parks.
Singing in a choir Painting or drawing
In the last year 5,9% of the population did a
30 training course related to culture, with the subject
of dance at 20,5%, drawing at 14,3% or playing a
15
musical instrument at 13,1 %.
Playing a musical
0 Making photos
instrument
Bullfights
The annual rate of attendance at bullfighting
Flamenco Making theatre
events stood at 9,5% of the population, and 6,9%
went to a bullfight
Dance, ballet

15 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 55 years and over

Figure 62 Figure 63
People who have attended other activities related to People who have attended bullfighting events in the last
culture and leisure in the last year year
(As a percentage) (As a percentage)
Total bullfighting events Bullfight
Fairs
TOTAL
Sport spectacles

Cultural organizations GENDER

Fairground Men

Zoo Women

Thematic park AGE GROUP

Conference 15 to 19 years

Water park 20 to 24 years

Botanical park 25 to 34 years
Bullfight
35 to 44 years
Circus
45 to 54 years
Complementary training courses
55 to 64 years
Other performing arts spectacles
65 to 74 years
0 20 40 60
75 years and over

0 5 10 15

Survey of Cultural Habits and Practices | Synthesis of results 21

 SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS

Figure 64 Ways of obtaining products subject to

People who have bought books in the last quarter by
modes of acquisition intellectual property rights
(As a percentage)
With regard to the book sector, the percentage of
TOTAL 36,9
people who buy books each quarter stood at
36,9% of population surveyed, and they are mostly
Establishment
bought in shops, with much lower percentages of
purchases at news kiosks, by mail or subscription
News stand
and by the Internet. The figures for other ways of
obtaining books, such as free online download or
Post or by subscription
photocopies are estimated at 2,5% and 0,3%,
respectively, of the surveyed population.
On the Internet
With regard to recorded music, 9,9% of those
surveyed have made purchases in the last quarter,
0 15 30 45 most of them in a shop. The estimates obtained
indicate that the purchase of unbranded music
from street markets or street vendors stood at 0,3%
of the surveyed population. The figures for free
Figure 65 online music downloads, carried out by 18,3% of
People who have bought recorded music in the last the population each quarter is slightly higher than
quarter by modes of acquisition in the previously investigated period.
(As a percentage)
Those who purchase unbranded music from
street markets or street vendors state the main
PURCHASE 9,9 reason as being the cost savings, 91,6%, far ahead
Establishment
of others such as comfort, at 31,2%, and speed and
immediacy, at 18,9%. Among those who do free
News stand
downloads, the main reason is the cost savings, at
Flea market or itinerant market (branded) 77,5%, which is a similar figure to other reasons
Flea market or itinerant market (unbranded)
such as convenience, at 75,1%, and speed and
immediacy, at 59,8%.
Post, phone or by subscription

On the Internet

Have downloaded from the Internet (Do not

for free)
0 4 8 12

Figure 66 Figure 67
People who have got recorded music in the quarter by People who have bought unbranded music or have got
modes of acquisition different from purchase recorded music by free downloading on the Internet in a
(As a percentage) quarter according to the reasons
(As a percentage)

Have bought unbranded music on a flea or itinerant market

Have downloaded from the Internet for free

Download from the Internet for free 18,3

Economic savings

Recorded from TV or radio Comfort

Rapidity, immediacy
Copy from a friend
Only want a musical theme

Loan Want to hear the song before buying it

Do not find it in a commercial establishment

Gift
Schedule

0 7 14 21 0 25 50 75 100

22 Survey of Cultural Habits and Practices | Synthesis of results

 SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS

Figure 68 On average each quarter 8,4% of respondents

People who have bought videos in the last quarter by purchases videos. The results for this area indicate
modes of acquisition
(As a percentage) a slight drop in the levels of using means that may
violate intellectual property rights in relation to
TOTAL 8,4 2011. The 0,5% of the population buys unbranded
Establishment
videos from street markets or street vendors, and
the percentage of people who made free online
News stand
video downloads every quarter is 16,1% of the
Flea market or itinerant market (branded)
population.
Flea market or itinerant market (unbranded)
As regards the reasons stated by those who
Post, phone or by subscription purchase unbranded videos from street markets or
On the Internet street vendors, as happened with music, the main
Have downloaded from the Internet (Do not
for free)
ones are the economic savings at 82,2%, and
0 3 6 9 comfort 47,5%, far ahead of those such as speed
and immediacy at 28%, and the other reasons have
little significance. Among those making free video
Figure 69 downloads comfort becomes the main reason, at
People who have got videos in the last quarter by modes
of acquisition different from purchase 78%, followed closely by cost savings at 77%, or
(As a percentage) speed and immediacy, at 55,7%. 17,6% said
opening times and 6% said difficulties in finding a
shop.

Download from the Internet for free 16,1

As regards the methods used by those who
obtained software, including video game software,
Recorded from TV
if we take into account those who do not keep the
original copies of programs, along with those who
Copy from a friend
claim to have got them by copying them from a
friend and those that download programs that are
Loan
not freely accessible (free or trial software, etc.) for
free online, overall 11,9% of the population
Gift
obtained software in the last year by one of the
aforementioned irregular means.
0 6 12 18

Figure 70 Figure 71
People who have bought unbranded videos or have People who have rented, have bought or have recorded
downloaded for free on the Internet in the last quarter videos in the last year
according to the reasons (As a percentage)
(As a percentage)

Have bought unbranded videos on a flea or itinerant market

In the last three months Between three months and one year
Have downloaded from the Internet for free

Comfort Have rented

Economic savings

Rapidity, immediacy Have bought

Schedule

Do not find it in a commercial establishment Have recorded

Want to see the video before buying it

0 10 20 30
0 30 60 90

Survey of Cultural Habits and Practices | Synthesis of results 23

SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS

Table 1 Results by gender, age and education

People who have practiced some culture activities
according to gender
(As a percentage) The indicators show significant gender
differences. Among women writing is more
Total Men Women
popular, at 8,6%, compared to 7% observed in
Have visited museums in the last year 33,2 32,3 34,2 men, and for reading, 66,5% compared to 57,6%,
Have visited exhibitions in the last year
Have visited art galleries in the last year
23,8
12,7
23,5
12,0
24,1
13,4
with the exception of work-related and press
Have painted or drawn in the last year 13,7 11,6 15,6 reading, activities which men do more
Have visited monuments in the last year 41,4 41,9 41,0
frequently.
Have visited archaeological sites in the last year 16,6 16,9 16,3 Women go to libraries more often, both in
Have gone to an archive in the last year 5,6 6,3 4,9
person, at 25,2% compared to 20,2% for men, as
well as online, at 8,3% and 7,5% respectively.
Have gone to a library in the last year
Have accessed libraries via the Internet in the last year
22,7
7,9
20,2
7,5
25,2
8,3
They also engage more often in artistic activities
like painting or drawing and have higher than
Have read books in the last year
- Have read books for profession or studies
62,2
29,0
57,6
30,9
66,5
27,3
average rate of visits to museums, exhibitions
- Have read books for other reasons 56,0 49,4 62,3 and art galleries, whereas men more often visit
Have read books in digital format in the last year
Have written in the last year
17,7
7,8
17,2
7,0
18,2
8,6
monuments and archaeological sites.
Playing a musical instrument, and doing
Have attended the theatre in the last year
Have made theatre in the last year
23,2
2,2
20,6
1,6
25,7
2,8
photography or video are the most common
Have attended the opera in the last year 2,6 2,2 3,1 artistic hobbies among men, who also have
Have attended the operetta in the last year 1,8 1,3 2,2 higher rates of annual attendance at
Have attended a dance or ballet performance in the last year 7,0 5,3 8,6
Have danced in the last year 4,9 2,6 7,1 contemporary music concerts and the cinema. If
we focus on the group of those who do theatre
Have listened to music in the last month 85,5 87,4 83,8
Have attended classical music concerts in the last year 8,6 7,9 9,2 or dance, the rates observed are higher among
Have attended contemporary music concerts in the last year 24,5 25,9 23,2 women, and they also attend this type of shows
Have played a musical instrument in the last year 7,8 9,7 6,0
Have sung in a choir in the last year 2,4 1,8 3,0 more frequently.
Young people have higher rates of cultural
Have gone to the cinema in the last year 54,0 54,4 53,6
participation in virtually all cultural fields: they
Have watched videos in the last month 42,1 46,6 37,8 visit more museums and monuments, they
Have made photos in the last year 28,9 29,7 28,1
Have made videos in the last year 15,0 16,0 14,0 attend more stage or musical shows, they read
more, they go to libraries more, and they
Have downloaded music in the last quarter (free) 18,3 20,4 16,2
Have downloaded videos in the last quarter (free) 16,1 18,8 13,6 engage in more active cultural practices. This
very high participation decreases systematically,
Have played videogames in the last month 13,8 20,2 7,8
with varying intensity, with increasing age.
Have used the computer for entertainment in the last month 62,5 65,7 59,5 Without any doubt the level of education is the
Have used Internet for entertainment in the last month 66,9 69,6 64,4
most crucial variable for cultural participation,
which rises systematically along with it.
Figure 72
People who have practiced some culture activities
according to age and level of education
(As a percentage)
Museums,
exhibitions and art
galeries (Visited)
90
Museums, exhibitions
and art galeries Monuments and
(Visited) Cinema (attended) 60 archaeological
90 sites (Visited)

Monuments and 30
Cinema (attended) 60 archaeological sites
(Visited)
0
30
Music concerts Libraries (went or
(attended) accessed)
0
Music concerts Libraries (went or
(attended) accessed)
Performing arts Readind books
(attended)

Performing arts Readind books

Lower secondary education or below
(attended) Upper secondary education
15 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 55 years and over Tertiary education

24 Survey of Cultural Habits and Practices | Synthesis of results

 SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS

Figure 73 Interrelated indicators of cultural

Interrelated indicators of cultural participation
(As a percentage) participation
Among those who visited museums, galleries and exhibitions
Total
The survey also provides indicators of the cultural
participation evaluated in groups of people where
People who have attended a museum 84,3 particular cultural behavior is observed. These
33,2
86,4
indicators show the strong interrelationships
People who have read a book
44,4
62,2
between them.
People who have gone to the theatre
5,9
23,2 If we focus on the group which attends
People who have gone to the opera 2,6 museums, galleries and exhibitions in the last year
47,9
People who have gone to music concerts 29,2 a sharp increase is seen in their rates of reading,
76,5
People who have gone to the cinema 54,0 86,4%, compared to 62,2% of the whole surveyed
0 25 50 75 100 population. Their annual theatre attendance rate is
doubled, 44,4%, and the attendance rate at the
cinema reaches 76,5%. Among those who read a
book in the last year the museum attendance rate
Among those who read books
Total reached 46,6%, 33% go to the theatre every year
46,6
and 32,2% to contemporary music concerts.
People who have attended a museum
33,2

People who have gone to the theatre

23,2
33,0
For those who attended a performing arts show
People who have gone to the opera
4,1 their rate of museum attendance doubled, at
2,6
38,4
62,3%, and annual reading and cinema attendance
People who have gone to music concerts
29,2 reach the highest value, with percentages of 85,8%
People who have gone to the cinema
54,0
69,6
and 79,3%, respectively. If the analysis is focused
0 25 50 75 100 on those who attended some kind of concert in
the last year it can be observed a high rate of
readers, 81,8% in annual terms, and cinema
attendance, 76,5%. Virtually all of them usually
listen to music at least once a month, 95,7%.
Among those who have gone to the cinema Those who go to the cinema each year exceed
Total
the average rate of attendance at museums by 15
48,1 percentage points, nearly 20 points in the annual
People who have attended a museum
33,2
readers, and they reach an annual rate of 35,1% in
80,1
People who have read a book
62,2 theatre attendance.
People who have gone to the theatre
23,2
35,1 Among those who normally use video games,
4,1 cinema attendance and an interest in music or
People who have gone to the opera
2,6
reading is much more common, with annual rates
41,4
People who have gone to music concerts
29,2 of 77,8%, 97,4% and 77,3%, respectively.
0 25 50 75 100

Among those who attended live shows of performing arts

Among those who attended music concerts
Among those who use videogames Total
Total
62,3
People who have attended a museum 55,8
41,7 33,2
People who have attended a museum 33,2 85,8
77,3 People who have read a book 81,8
People who have read a book 62,2 62,2
29,9 77,7
People who have gone to the theatre People who have gone to the theatre 43,2
23,2 23,2
1,5 8,9
People who have gone to the opera 2,6 People who have gone to the opera 6,6
43,8 2,6
People who have gone to music concerts 29,2 42,2
77,8 People who have gone to music concerts 84,0
People who have gone to the cinema 24,5
54,0
79,3
0 25 50 75 100 People who have gone to the cinema 76,5
54,0
0 25 50 75 100

Survey of Cultural Habits and Practices | Synthesis of results 25

 SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS

Figure 74 Main indicators of cultural participation

Main indicators of cultural participation development
(As a percentage) development
In the last year
2010-2011 2014-2015 It is important to point out that since the last
survey, with reference to 2010-2011, there has
MUSEUMS, EX. ART GALERIES (visited) 39,4
been an increase in the rates of annual
Museums

Exhibitions
attendance at museums, monuments,
Art galleries
archeological sites and archives. Similarly
MONUMENTS AND ARC. SITES (Visited)
increases were recorded in library attendance
42,8

Monuments
Archaeological sites
ARCHIVES (Visited)
LIBRARIES
Go to a library
Access via the Internet
READING (Read books)
Books related to profession or studies
Books not related to profession or studies
In paper format (Usually use)
In digital format (Usually use)
Directly on the Internet (Usually use)
and reading annual rates, especially in reading
in a digital format. With regard to attendance to
5,6
live shows, which remains stable on the whole,
25,6
we can highlight the positive development of
attendance at the theatre, operetta, ballet, dance
or classical music concerts. Against this slight
62,2
declines were observed in the annual rates of
attendance at contemporary music concerts. The
cinema undoubtedly continues to be the most
popular type of cultural spectacle and in this
period it shows a positive trend.

PERFORMING ARTS AND MUSICAL (Attended) 43,5 If the results of the survey are compared to
PERFORMING ARTS (Attended) 29,9 those available for the 2006-2007 period, there
Theatre has been an increase in the rates of annual
Opera
attendance at museums, monuments,
Operetta
archeological sites and archives. Similarly there
Ballet/ dance
has been an increase in attendance or access to
Circus
libraries, and an increase in the annual rates of
MUSICAL ARTS (Attended) 29,2
reading. As regards the performing arts and
Classical music concerts
music, even with the positive development in
Contemporary music concerts
attendance at the theatre, ballet or dance, the
CINEMA (Attended)
0 25 50
54,0
75
annual rates of attendance at live shows
decrease as a whole.
In the last month

2010-2011 2014-2015

LISTEN TO MUSIC (Usually listen) 85,5

Figure 75
In a computer or directly on the Internet
People who have practiced artistic activities
(As a percentage)
PERIODIC PUBLICATIONS (Usually read) 79,7

Directly on the Internet

For free

Daily press of general information

Writing
Sports press 30

Cultural magazines Singing in a choir Painting or drawing

20
Radio 76,8

Radio directly on the Internet 10

Video Playing an instrument Making photos
42,1

Video directly on the Internet 0

Television 95,5

TV directly on the Internet

Dance, ballet Making videos
VIDEO GAMES (Usually play) 13,8

Computer for entertainment or leisure

Making theatre Designing web pages
Internet For entertainment or leisure

0 25 50 75 100

2010-2011 2014-2015

26 Survey of Cultural Habits and Practices | Synthesis of results

 SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS

R.1. People who did or usually do certain cultural activities

(As a percentage of the population of each group)
TOTAL Men Women
IN THE LAST YEAR
2 0 0 6 -2 0 0 7 2 0 10 -2 0 11 2 0 14 -2 0 15 2 0 0 6 -2 0 0 7 2 0 10 -2 0 11 2 0 14 -2 0 15 2 0 0 6 -2 0 0 7 2 0 10 -2 0 11 2 0 14 -2 0 15

MUSEUMS, EXHIBITIONS AND

ART GALLERIES (Visited) 38,2 37,9 39,4 38,1 38,1 38,8 38,2 37,6 40,1
Museums 31,2 30,6 33,2 31,0 30,7 32,3 31,3 30,5 34,2
Exhibitions 24,7 25,7 23,8 24,2 25,2 23,5 25,2 26,2 24,1
Art galleries 13,7 13,6 12,7 13,5 13,5 12,0 13,9 13,7 13,4
MONUMENTS AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES (Visited) 35,6 40,7 42,8 36,7 42,7 43,2 34,4 38,8 42,3
Monuments 34,1 39,5 41,4 35,1 41,2 41,9 33,2 37,8 41,0
Archaeological sites 13,0 13,9 16,6 14,2 15,6 16,9 11,9 12,3 16,3
ARCHIVES 3,9 5,0 5,6 4,3 5,3 6,3 3,5 4,6 4,9
LIBRARIES 19,2 24,9 25,6 17,7 23,7 23,4 20,7 26,0 27,7
Go to a library 17,6 20,5 22,7 15,6 18,6 20,2 19,5 22,3 25,2
Access via the Internet 4,6 9,6 7,9 5,0 10,2 7,5 4,2 9,1 8,3
READING (Read books) 57,7 58,7 62,2 55,4 56,0 57,6 60,0 61,2 66,5
Books related to profession or studies 25,1 27,4 29,0 27,9 30,3 30,9 22,5 24,5 27,3
Books not related to profession or studies 52,5 52,3 56,0 48,1 47,2 49,4 56,7 57,2 62,3
In paper format (Usually use) - 58,3 59,0 - 55,5 54,4 - 60,9 63,3
In digital format (Usually use) - 6,5 17,7 - 8,2 17,2 - 4,8 18,2
Directly on the Internet (Usually use) - 4,1 5,7 - 5,0 6,6 - 3,2 4,9
PERFORMING ARTS AND MUSICAL ARTS (Attended) 45,5 43,7 43,5 46,3 44,4 42,5 44,8 43,0 44,4
PERFORMING ARTS (Attended) 29,0 27,8 29,9 26,6 25,0 26,8 31,4 30,5 32,9
Theatre 19,1 19,0 23,2 17,0 17,0 20,6 21,0 21,0 25,7
Opera 2,7 2,6 2,6 2,6 2,7 2,2 2,8 2,5 3,1
Operetta 1,9 1,6 1,8 1,7 1,5 1,3 2,1 1,6 2,2
Ballet/ dance 5,1 6,1 7,0 4,0 4,8 5,3 6,2 7,4 8,6
Circus 10,6 8,2 7,7 10,6 7,7 7,6 10,6 8,6 7,8
MUSICAL ARTS (Attended)
Classical music concerts 8,4 7,7 8,6 8,7 7,6 7,9 8,0 7,8 9,2
Contemporary music concerts 26,4 25,9 24,5 28,9 29,0 25,9 24,0 22,9 23,2
CINEMA (Attended) 52,1 49,1 54,0 54,3 50,5 54,4 50,1 47,7 53,6

TOTAL Men Women

AT LEAST ONCE A MONTH
2 0 0 6 -2 0 0 7 2 0 10 -2 0 11 2 0 14 -2 0 15 2 0 0 6 -2 0 0 7 2 0 10 -2 0 11 2 0 14 -2 0 15 2 0 0 6 -2 0 0 7 2 0 10 -2 0 11 2 0 14 -2 0 15

LISTEN TO MUSIC (Usually listen) 86,9 82,7 85,5 88,6 84,7 87,4 85,3 80,7 83,8
In a computer or directly on the Internet - 17,3 26,2 - 19,6 29,1 - 15,0 23,5
PERIODIC PUBLICATIONS (Usually read) 81,4 80,4 79,7 85,7 85,9 84,8 77,2 75,1 74,8
Directly on the Internet 14,1 14,4 26,8 18,7 19,0 33,2 9,7 10,0 20,7
For free 41,5 37,5 51,8 42,8 41,6 58,9 40,2 33,6 45,0
Daily press of general information 73,8 71,5 70,4 79,8 78,3 77,8 68,1 64,9 63,4
Sports press 25,1 32,8 34,5 43,9 57,0 60,1 7,1 9,6 10,1
Cultural magazines 15,2 17,7 20,6 14,9 19,1 21,2 15,5 16,3 19,9
AUDIOVISUAL (Usually watch or listen)
Radio 81,6 77,1 76,8 84,3 79,6 80,1 78,9 74,7 73,6
Directly on the Internet - 8,4 10,4 - 10,2 12,2 - 6,7 8,8
Video 51,9 49,6 42,1 56,5 53,5 46,6 47,5 46,0 37,8
Directly on the Internet - 6,8 12,3 - 8,1 14,9 - 5,6 9,9
Television 98,2 96,7 95,5 98,1 96,8 94,9 98,3 96,7 96,1
Directly on the Internet - 5,9 8,9 - 7,1 10,1 - 4,7 7,7
VIDEO GAMES (Usually play) - 13,7 13,8 - 20,6 20,2 - 7,1 7,8
NEW TECHNOLOGIES (Usually use)
Computer for entertainment or leisure 37,7 53,6 62,5 43,1 58,5 65,7 32,4 49,0 59,5
Internet for entertainment or leisure 33,1 52,5 66,9 37,8 56,9 69,6 28,6 48,3 64,4

Survey of Cultural Habits and Practices | Synthesis of results 27

SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS

R.2. People who have done certain active cultural practices in the last year
(As a percentage of the population of each group)
TOTAL Men Women

2 0 0 6 -2 0 0 7 2 0 10 -2 0 11 2 0 14 -2 0 15 2 0 0 6 -2 0 0 7 2 0 10 -2 0 11 2 0 14 -2 0 15 2 0 0 6 -2 0 0 7 2 0 10 -2 0 11 2 0 14 -2 0 15

Writing 7,5 7,1 7,8 6,8 6,1 7,0 8,1 8,1 8,6
Painting or drawing 9,2 13,2 13,7 7,5 11,2 11,6 10,8 15,1 15,6
Other visual arts 4,5 7,7 8,3 3,0 5,4 5,7 6,0 9,9 10,8
Making photos 16,6 29,1 28,9 18,0 30,9 29,7 15,3 27,3 28,1
Making videos 5,7 12,8 15,0 6,6 14,5 16,0 4,9 11,1 14,0
Designing web pages 2,2 2,6 3,0 2,8 3,9 4,1 1,7 1,4 2,0
Making theatre 2,1 2,1 2,2 1,7 1,7 1,6 2,4 2,4 2,8
Dance, ballet 3,8 3,9 4,9 2,0 2,1 2,6 5,4 5,7 7,1
Flamenco - - 1,7 - - 1,1 - - 2,2
Playing an instrument 5,9 8,0 7,8 7,5 10,2 9,7 4,4 5,9 6,0
Singing in a choir 2,8 2,4 2,4 2,3 1,8 1,8 3,2 2,9 3,0

R.3. People who have done certain active cultural practices in the last year
(As a percentage of the population of each group)
Total Men Women

2 0 0 6 -2 0 0 7 2 0 10 -2 0 11 2 0 14 -2 0 15 2 0 0 6 -2 0 0 7 2 0 10 -2 0 11 2 0 14 -2 0 15 2 0 0 6 -2 0 0 7 2 0 10 -2 0 11 2 0 14 -2 0 15

Cultural organizations 22,9 19,2 19,9 23,1 19,2 18,8 22,7 19,2 21,0
Conference 13,8 13,1 13,5 13,9 13,9 14,1 13,8 12,3 12,9
Circus 10,6 8,2 7,7 10,6 7,7 7,6 10,6 8,6 7,8
Other performing arts spectacles - 3,4 3,0 - 3,5 3,0 - 3,2 3,0

Zoo 20,2 16,5 14,5 20,2 16,4 14,0 20,2 16,6 14,9
Botanical park 13,8 12,1 11,5 14,5 12,8 10,9 13,2 11,5 12,0
Thematic park 17,7 15,1 13,7 18,9 15,9 14,0 16,5 14,3 13,4
Water park 16,6 14,8 12,8 17,5 15,5 12,3 15,8 14,1 13,2
Fairground 19,4 17,5 15,0 21,1 18,2 15,2 17,7 16,9 14,8

Fairs 47,8 51,0 45,4 49,6 53,4 46,7 46,0 48,7 44,1
Sports spectacles 28,0 28,0 27,5 39,2 39,5 37,0 17,1 16,9 18,5
Bullfight 9,8 8,5 9,5 11,5 10,6 12,1 8,2 6,4 7,0

R.4. People who have attended to complementary training courses related to culture by type
(As a percentage of the population of each group)
Total Men Women

2 0 10 -2 0 11 2 0 14 -2 0 15 2 0 10 -2 0 11 2 0 14 -2 0 15 2 0 10 -2 0 11 2 0 14 -2 0 15

Writing workshop 4,5 4,0 4,0 2,5 4,8 4,7

Painting or drawing 11,4 14,3 9,8 12,5 12,4 15,2
Other visual arts 7,7 10,5 3,3 3,2 10,4 14,3
Not professional photography 7,8 9,4 12,6 12,1 5,0 8,0

Other audio-visual 4,0 4,9 6,0 6,6 2,8 4,0

Design 4,5 4,0 5,6 7,2 3,8 2,3
Theatre 4,0 6,7 3,0 8,3 4,5 5,9
Dance 16,4 20,5 8,6 8,3 21,0 26,8
Other performing arts 0,4 1,2 0,6 1,1 0,3 1,2

Playing an instrument 10,8 13,1 15,2 21,8 8,2 8,6

Another musical training 4,3 3,8 5,5 5,2 3,6 3,0
Other matter linked to the culture 33,6 28,3 36,2 29,3 32,1 27,7

28 Survey of Cultural Habits and Practices | Synthesis of results

 SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS

R.5 People who have bought certain cultural equipment in the last quarter
(As a percentage of the population of each group)
Total Men Women

2 0 0 6 -2 0 0 7 2 0 10 -2 0 11 2 0 14 -2 0 15 2 0 0 6 -2 0 0 7 2 0 10 -2 0 11 2 0 14 -2 0 15 2 0 0 6 -2 0 0 7 2 0 10 -2 0 11 2 0 14 -2 0 15

Books 34,5 34,9 36,9 31,6 32,3 34,3 33,7 37,4 39,4
Related to profession or studies 11,8 11,1 12,3 12,0 11,5 12,1 11,5 10,7 12,4
Not related with profession or studies 29,2 29,1 31,5 25,8 25,8 28,8 32,4 32,2 34,1
Recorded music 22,5 11,7 9,9 24,8 13,2 11,0 20,2 10,3 8,9
Videos 14,1 10,7 8,4 16,3 12,3 9,3 12,1 9,1 7,5

R.6. People who have obtained books, music or videos by modes of acquisition
(As a percentage of population of each group)
Books Music Video

2 0 0 6 -2 0 0 7 2 0 10 -2 0 11 2 0 14 -2 0 15 2 0 0 6 -2 0 0 7 2 0 10 -2 0 11 2 0 14 -2 0 15 2 0 0 6 -2 0 0 7 2 0 10 -2 0 11 2 0 14 -2 0 15

PURCHASE

Establishment 30,4 32,1 33,3 19,7 10,0 7,8 11,3 7,7 6,1
News stand 2,2 1,5 1,1 0,6 0,3 0,2 1,9 2,2 0,8
Post, phone or by subscription 4,1 1,9 1,7 0,4 0,1 0,1 0,3 0,1 0,1
Flea market or itinerant market (branded) - - - 0,5 0,3 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,3
Flea market or itinerant market (unbranded) - - - 1,5 0,4 0,3 1,0 0,6 0,5
On the Internet 0,6 1,0 2,0 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,1 0,2 0,5
On the Internet paying 0,0 0,1 2,5 0,5 0,5 0,8 0,1 0,2 0,5

MODES OF ACQUISITION DIFERENT FROM PURCHASE

Download from the Internet for free 0,3 0,6 2,5 13,1 17,7 18,3 10,3 17,4 16,1
Photocopy 0,2 0,6 0,3 - - - - - -
Photocopy of a complete book 0,1 0,3 0,2 - - - - - -
Photocopy of part of a book 0,1 0,3 0,2 - - - - - -
Recorded from TV or radio - - - 0,4 0,2 0,2 2,7 0,9 0,8
Copy from a friend - - 0,3 5,1 1,7 1,2 2,0 1,3 1,1
Borrowed from a library or friend 1,4 4,5 4,5 - - 0,1 - - 1,4
Gift 1,7 5,9 2,6 0,6 0,2 1,0 0,3 0,5 1,4

Survey of Cultural Habits and Practices | Synthesis of results 29

SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS

R.7. People according to the availability of cultural equipment in their households

(As a percentage of each group)
TOTAL Men Women

2 0 0 6 -2 0 0 7 2 0 10 -2 0 11 2 0 14 -2 0 15 2 0 0 6 -2 0 0 7 2 0 10 -2 0 11 2 0 14 -2 0 15 2 0 0 6 -2 0 0 7 2 0 10 -2 0 11 2 0 14 -2 0 15

READING

Digital book equipment - 0,8 40,4 - 0,9 40,8 - 0,7 39,9

Digital book readers - 0,8 28,3 - 0,9 28,3 - 0,7 28,2
Others - - 27,3 - - 28,6 - - 26,1

Books 94,9 93,7 93,2 95,2 93,9 92,7 94,6 93,5 93,6
Paper format 94,9 93,7 93,0 95,2 93,9 92,6 94,6 93,5 93,4
Digital format - 4,6 23,8 - 5,3 23,9 - 3,9 23,6
More than 25 books 71,5 68,4 69,3 71,6 66,8 67,4 71,6 70,0 71,2

MUSIC
Equipment in which to listen music 98,3 97,1 97,0 98,8 97,5 97,7 97,8 96,8 96,3
Radio 97,3 91,3 88,9 97,7 92,1 89,9 97,0 90,6 87,9
CD, Blu-Ray 81,6 83,8 77,9 83,8 85,6 80,0 79,5 82,2 75,9
Vinyl Records 30,7 26,4 23,4 31,3 26,4 23,7 30,2 26,3 23,0
Digital sound player media (MP3, IPad y otros) 38,3 52,2 49,7 41,1 54,3 51,3 35,6 50,2 48,1
Mobile phone with music player 28,9 55,2 72,2 31,1 56,8 74,1 26,7 53,8 70,3
Sound record media 84,9 87,2 81,8 86,9 88,5 83,5 82,8 85,9 80,1
Musical instruments 33,6 39,7 37,1 34,0 39,6 37,3 33,3 39,7 36,9

AUDIOVISUALES

Equipment in which to see TV 99,7 99,7 99,3 99,7 99,8 99,2 99,6 99,7 99,3
TV 99,7 99,7 99,0 99,7 99,7 99,0 99,6 99,7 99,1
Others - 20,4 17,2 - 20,3 18,1 - 20,5 16,3

Equipment in which to see video 85,4 87,3 78,0 87,8 88,7 79,6 83,2 85,8 76,4
Video DVD, Blu Ray 85,4 81,4 73,5 87,8 83,5 74,6 83,2 79,4 72,4
Digital video player media - 13,3 23,3 - 14,3 25,3 - 12,3 21,3
Others - 10,6 11,2 - 11,1 12,7 - 10,2 9,7

Equipment in which to make photo or video - 83,8 87,6 - 84,8 88,7 - 82,9 86,5
Photo camera 73,2 68,4 62,2 75,0 68,5 62,2 71,6 68,2 62,1
Video camera 30,6 30,4 25,5 32,5 31,7 25,4 28,8 29,2 25,5
Photo or video camera - 36,1 41,3 - 37,3 41,8 - 35,1 40,8
Mobile phone with video player - 38,8 69,0 - 40,7 71,0 - 36,9 67,2

Video record media 83,1 84,1 73,1 85,8 85,4 75,0 80,5 82,8 71,2
Video record media ( VHS, DVD, Blu-Ray) 83,1 83,8 71,3 85,8 85,0 72,9 80,5 82,6 69,6
Other video record media - 15,6 21,7 - 17,4 23,9 - 13,9 19,5

GAME CONSOLE, COMPUTER AND INTERNET

Game software (*) 30,0 37,5 30,9 32,5 39,9 34,2 27,6 35,1 27,8
Educational software - 29,7 20,0 - 30,7 20,8 - 28,7 19,2
Sound and video reproduction programmes 35,4 43,7 38,7 39,0 46,2 41,3 31,8 41,2 36,2

Game consoles 22,6 39,7 38,1 25,9 42,6 41,5 19,4 37,0 35,0
Computer or tablet 60,6 72,2 78,3 63,2 74,1 79,7 58,2 70,4 76,9
Internet access 43,3 64,0 77,7 46,2 65,6 79,7 40,5 62,5 75,8
Mobile with Internet access - 36,4 72,7 - 38,6 74,6 - 34,3 70,8

(*) In 2007 it includes educational software

30 Survey of Cultural Habits and Practices | Synthesis of results