EFFECT ON BIODIVERSITY

The usage of chemical to control the pest and diseases can give effect the biodiversity.
Almost 50% of the all pesticide in the world is not necessary to agricultural benefit.
(Pretty and Bharucha, 2014). They are just needed for kill, because of that it may harm
other organism or untargeted species. In long-term and over-application of pesticides
give severe effects on soil ecology that may lead to reducing the population of beneficial
microorganism in the soil. When chemicals are used for a period of time on plants in an
area, they will leach into the soil. Once the have leached they may kill the
microorganism living in the soil that help breakdown the organic material, aid in plant
growth and help to increase the soil fertility. It may take years to the microorganism to
come back and live once again in the soil that has toxic chemical applied to it.

The pesticide not only affect soil microbes, some pesticide also give harm to human,
insect and human. Like Organophosphate, it is usually used in many pesticide as basic
chemical. Its commonly used as nerve agent to inhibit the neuromuscular enzyme in
insect and also in human. It is very essential to control insect pest. But eventually due to
high toxicity and kill all mechanism some of the untargeted species may affect to the
pesticide like beneficial insects. Most of the pollinators in the world are insects. The
pesticide may drift away and affect the untargeted species like bees which help in
pollination process. In parts of China, the farmers are now pollinating manually as
substitute for the loss of pollination ecosystem service (Partap and Ya, 2012). Over 40%
of invertebrate pollinators were facing extinction, with neonicotinoid pesticides among
the important factors threatening pollinators worldwide (IPBES, 2016).
On the other hand, pesticide also give impact to wildlife which is include small
mammals, birds , fish and aquatic organism. Wildlife may be impacted by pesticide
directly or indirectly such as drift, water contamination, and secondary poisoning. Like
methomyl pesticide it usually used to kill wild boar by small holders and also the
plantation company. But this pesticide is highly toxic. Usually it is second generation
pesticide. So, if the wild boar is kill by the pesticide its still can harm other prey due to
the highly toxicity compound in the pesticide. These also interrupt the natural food chain
and also the ecosystem.
Conclusion.

In the conclusion, pesticide give an impact to the environment, ecosystem and

biodiversity. It may give effect on short period or long term. So, the user especially
farmers, growers, small holders and plantation owner needs to know the proper way to
use the pesticide. They also need to know what the consequence of overused of the
pesticide and the impact that its give. They also need to have the knowledge about the
pesticide that they used and to know what exactly they apply to the environment. Thinks
wisely before apply.
Reffrences

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Lundgren, J. G., & Fausti, S. W. (2015). Trading biodiversity for pest problems.
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Kalia, A., & Gosal, S. K. (2011). Effect of pesticide application on soil microorganisms.
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http://www.beyondpesticides.org/programs/wildlife