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ABeginner'sGuidetoASCE705

Chapter7W:WindLoads
2007,T.BartlettQuimby

Overview
Section7.4.1

NatureofWind ExampleProblem7.1
Method2 TwoStoryBuilding
Provisions
Method2
LastRevised:11/04/2014

Example
Problems

Homework Given:TheenclosedofficebuildingshowninFigure7.4.1.1.Thebuildingislocatedinaregionwithawindspeed(3secgust)
Problems of120mph.TheexposureisExposureC.Thebuildingisonflatterrain.

References Figure7.4.1.1
BuildingDefinition

ReportErrorsor
Make
Suggestions

Wanted:Thewindpressuresappliedtothesurfacesandthenetforcesappliedtothebuilding.

Solution:Tosolvethisproblem,weneedtoindependentlylookattwodifferentwinddirections,butfirstwewilldefineafew
parameters.

Determinecriticalelevations:

MeanRoofHeight:h=2*11'+(3/12)*25'/2=25.1ft
Mean2ndFloorHeight:h=11'+11'/2=16.5ft
Mean1stFloorHeight:h=11'/2=5.5ft

ComputetheVelocityPressures,qz=.00256KzKztKdV2I(ASCE705Equation615)

Kzt=1(FlatTerrain)
Kd=.85(ASCE705Table64,Buildings)
I=1.0(ASCE705Table61,CategoryIIbuilding)
Kz=varieswithelevation=2.01(max(h,15)/900)(2/9.5),(ASCE705Tables62and63)

h Kz qz
(ft) (psf)
Roof 25.125 0.946 29.7
2ndflr 16.5 0.866 27.1
1stflr 5.5 0.849 26.6

ComputetheInternalPressures,qhGCpi:

GCpi=+0.18(ASCE705Figure65)
qh=29.7psf
qhGCpi=+5.34psf

DeterminetheGustFactor,G

G=0.85(ASCE705,6.5.8.1)
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WindintheN/SDirection:

ForthispartoftheproblemweneedtodeterminepressurecoefficientsforthelocationsshowninFigure7.4.1.2aswellasforthe
sidewalls.Thesecoefficientsarethencombinedwiththegustfactorandvelocitypressurestoobtaintheexternalpressuresin
eachregion.

Figure7.4.1.2
N/SBuildingSection

ThepressurecoefficientsforthewallsarefoundinASCE705Figure66(pg49)

FortheWindwardwall(P1&P2),Cpis0.8forallelevations.

FortheLeewardwall(P5&P6),CpisdependentontherationofL/B.InthiscaseL/B=50'/90'=0.556,soCp=0.50forall
elevations.

Forthesidewalls(notshowninFigure7.4.1.2),thevalueofCpis0.7inallcases.

Fortheroof,theslopeangleis14.0degrees.Thisiscloseto15degreesandprobablynotworthinterpolatingbetweenthevalues
giveninASCE705Figure66.Wealsoneedtoknowthath/L=25.1'/50'=0.50.FromtheFigurewegetthatthevaluesof
CpfortheWindwardsideoftheroofis0.70and0.18.Thesevaluesrepresenttwodifferentloadcases.FortheLeewardside,
Cpis0.50.

Wecannowcomputetheexternalpressures,qGCp,foreachsurface.Thefollowingtableshowsthecomputationresults:

Pressure Cp q qGCp
(psf) (psf)
WindwardWall P1 0.8 26.6 18.1
P2 0.8 27.1 18.5
WindwardRoof P3 0.7 29.7 17.6
P3 0.18 29.7 4.5
LeewardRoof P4 0.5 29.7 12.6
LeewardWall P5 0.5 29.7 12.6
P6 0.5 29.7 12.6
SideWalls P7 0.7 29.7 17.6

Combiningwiththeinternalpressuresyougetthefollowingfourloadcaseswhere:

CaseIincludesthemaximumwindwardpressure(17.6psf)andpositiveinternalpressure
CaseIIincludestheminimumwindwardpressure(4.5psf)andpositiveinternalpressure
CaseIIIincludesthemaximumwindwardpressure(17.6psf)andnegativeinternalpressure
CaseIVincludestheminimumwindwardpressure(4.5psf)andnegativeinternalpressure

Thenetforcesarefoundbymultiplyingtheappropriatepressuresbytheareasoverwhichtheyact.Inthisbuildingallbutthe
gableendsarerectangles,makingtheareacalculationeasier.Notethatwearecomputingactualsurfaceareas(asopposedto
projectedareas)ineachofthecasesbelow.Also,thesignisimportant.Negativesignsindicateaforcethatisoutwardfromthe
surfaceandapositivesignisinward.Allforcesarenormaltotheirrespectivesurfaces.

NetPressures: NetForce
Pressure CaseI CaseII CaseIII CaseIV Areas CaseI CaseII CaseIII CaseIV
(psf) (psf) (psf) (psf) (ft2) (k) (k) (k) (k)
WindwardWall P1 12.8 12.8 23.4 23.4 990 12.62 12.62 23.19 23.19
P2 13.1 13.1 23.8 23.8 990 12.99 12.99 23.55 23.55
WindwardRoof P3 23.0 9.9 12.3 0.8 2319 53.29 22.90 28.54 1.86
LeewardRoof P4 17.9 17.9 7.3 7.3 2319 41.60 41.60 16.85 16.85
LeewardWall P5 17.9 17.9 7.3 7.3 990 17.76 17.76 7.19 7.19
P6 17.9 17.9 7.3 7.3 990 17.76 17.76 7.19 7.19
SideWalls P7 23.0 23.0 12.3 12.3 1413 32.46 32.46 17.38 17.38

Itisoftenusefultoresolveeachforceintoit'sglobalcomponentssothattheycanbeeasilyaddedvectorially.Figure7.4.1.3
showsthelocationofeachoftheresultingforces.

Figure7.4.1.3
BuildingForcesforN/SWind

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CaseI CaseII CaseIII CaseIV

Force E/W N/S vert. E/W N/S vert. E/W N/S vert. E/W N/S vert.
(k) (k) (k) (k) (k) (k) (k) (k) (k) (k) (k) (k)
WindwardWall F1 0.00 12.62 0.00 0.00 12.62 0.00 0.00 23.19 0.00 0.00 23.19 0.00
F2 0.00 12.99 0.00 0.00 12.99 0.00 0.00 23.55 0.00 0.00 23.55 0.00
WindwardRoof F3 0.00 12.93 51.70 0.00 5.55 22.22 0.00 6.92 27.69 0.00 0.45 1.80
LeewardRoof F4 0.00 10.09 40.36 0.00 10.09 40.36 0.00 4.09 16.34 0.00 4.09 16.34
LeewardWall F5 0.00 17.76 0.00 0.00 17.76 0.00 0.00 7.19 0.00 0.00 7.19 0.00
F6 0.00 17.76 0.00 0.00 17.76 0.00 0.00 7.19 0.00 0.00 7.19 0.00
SideWalls F7a 32.46 0.00 0.00 32.46 0.00 0.00 17.38 0.00 0.00 17.38 0.00 0.00
F7b 32.46 0.00 0.00 32.46 0.00 0.00 17.38 0.00 0.00 17.38 0.00 0.00
Sum 0.00 58.29 92.06 0.00 65.66 62.58 0.00 58.29 44.03 0.00 65.66 14.54

Notethatthemaximumupliftandmaximumhorizontalforcedonotoccurinthesameloadcases!Donotcombinedthetwo
cases,designforeachindividually.

Youwillalsonoticethattheinternalpressurehasnoeffectonthenethorizontalforce.

Thenetforceinthelateraldirectioniszerosincetheforcesonthesidewallswillcanceleachother.

WindintheE/WDirection

Figure7.4.1.4definesthepressures(withtheexceptionofthelateral/sidewallpressures)thatneedtobecomputedforwind
loadingfromtheE/Wdirection.Inthiscasewecombinedalltheleewardwallsegmentsintoonebecausetheyallhavethesame
pressures.

Figure7.4.1.4
E/WBuildingSection

ThepressurecoefficientsaretakenfromASCE705Figure66.Notethatthecoefficientfortheleewardwallisobtainedby
interpolationwithanL/Bratioof1.8.

Pressure Cp q qGCp
(psf) (psf)
WindwardWall P8 0.8 26.6 18.1
P9 0.8 27.1 18.5
P10 0.8 29.7 20.2
Roof P11 0.9 29.7 22.7
P11 0.18 29.7 4.5
P12 0.5 29.7 12.6
P12 0.18 29.7 4.5
P13 0.3 29.7 7.6
P13 0.18 29.7 4.5
LeewardWall P14 0.34 29.7 8.6
SideWalls P15 0.7 29.7 17.6

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Notethatsomeofthepressuresareappliedtodifferentlyorientedsurfaces.Whenthesamepressureisappliedtoadifferent
surface,wehavechosentolabelonas"a"andtheotheras"b".SeeFigure7.4.1.5forforceapplications.Fourcasesare
computed,basedoncombinationsofmaximum/minimumroofpressuresand+internalpressures.

Figure7.4.1.5
BuildingForcesforE/WWind

Thenetforcesoneachsurface,intermsofdirectionrelativethesurface,areasfollows:

Pressure CaseI CaseII CaseIII CaseIV Area CaseI CaseII CaseIII CaseIV
(psf) (psf) (psf) (psf) (ft2) (k) (k) (k) (k)
WindwardWall P8 12.8 12.8 23.4 23.4 550 7.01 7.01 12.88 12.88
P9 13.1 13.1 23.8 23.8 550 7.21 7.21 13.09 13.09
P10 14.8 14.8 25.5 25.5 156 2.32 2.32 3.98 3.98
Roof P11a 28.0 9.9 17.3 0.8 647 18.12 6.39 11.22 0.52
P11b 28.0 9.9 17.3 0.8 647 18.12 6.39 11.22 0.52
P12a 17.9 9.9 7.3 0.8 647 11.60 6.39 4.70 0.52
P12b 17.9 9.9 7.3 0.8 647 11.60 6.39 4.70 0.52
P13a 12.9 9.9 2.2 0.8 1026 13.23 10.13 2.28 0.82
P13b 12.9 9.9 2.2 0.8 1026 13.23 10.13 2.28 0.82
LeewardWall P14 13.9 13.9 3.2 3.2 1256 17.47 17.47 4.06 4.06
SideWalls P15a 23.0 23.0 12.3 12.3 1980 45.50 45.50 24.36 24.36
P15b 23.0 23.0 12.3 12.3 1980 45.50 45.50 24.36 24.36

Restatingtheforcesintermsoftheglobalcoordinatesystemweget:

CaseI CaseII CaseIII CaseIV

Pressure E/W N/S vert. E/W N/S vert. E/W N/S vert. E/W N/S vert.
(k) (k) (k) (k) (k) (k) (k) (k) (k) (k) (k) (k)
WindwardWall F8 7.01 0.00 0.00 7.01 0.00 0.00 12.88 0.00 0.00 12.88 0.00 0.00
F9 7.21 0.00 0.00 7.21 0.00 0.00 13.09 0.00 0.00 13.09 0.00 0.00
F10 2.32 0.00 0.00 2.32 0.00 0.00 3.98 0.00 0.00 3.98 0.00 0.00
Roof F11a 0.00 4.40 17.58 0.00 1.55 6.20 0.00 2.72 10.88 0.00 0.13 0.50
F11b 0.00 4.40 17.58 0.00 1.55 6.20 0.00 2.72 10.88 0.00 0.13 0.50
F12a 0.00 2.81 11.26 0.00 1.55 6.20 0.00 1.14 4.56 0.00 0.13 0.50
F12b 0.00 2.81 11.26 0.00 1.55 6.20 0.00 1.14 4.56 0.00 0.13 0.50
F13a 0.00 3.21 12.83 0.00 2.46 9.82 0.00 0.55 2.21 0.00 0.20 0.80
F13b 0.00 3.21 12.83 0.00 2.46 9.82 0.00 0.55 2.21 0.00 0.20 0.80
LeewardWall F14 17.47 0.00 0.00 17.47 0.00 0.00 4.06 0.00 0.00 4.06 0.00 0.00
SideWalls F15a 0.00 45.50 0.00 0.00 45.50 0.00 0.00 24.36 0.00 0.00 24.36 0.00
F15b 0.00 45.50 0.00 0.00 45.50 0.00 0.00 24.36 0.00 0.00 24.36 0.00
Sum 34.01 0.00 83.34 34.01 0.00 44.43 34.01 0.00 35.31 34.01 0.00 3.60

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