SKMM 2423 (APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS)

GAS TURBINE CYCLES

PROBLEMS
1. A gas turbine plant consists of a compressor, a heat exchanger, two combustion
chambers and two stage turbines. The plant works with an overall pressure ratio of
9.5/1. The atmospheric air enters the compressor at 1.01 bar with temperature of
27oC and at a rate of 64,000 kg/jam. The maximum plant temperature is 800oC and
the reheat gas enters the low-pressure (L.P) turbine at 800oC. The mechanical
efficiency of the shaft that connecting the high-pressure (H.P) turbine with the
compressor is 0.95. For the shaft that connecting the L.P turbine with its load, the
mechanical efficiency is 0.98. The isentropic efficiencies of the compressor, the H.P
turbine and the L.P turbine are 0.81, 0.90, and 0.95, respectively. The heat
exchanger thermal ratio is 0.40.
By neglecting the fuel mass and all pressure losses together with the kinetic and
potential energies, determine,
a) the plant thermal efficiency (%);
b) the power received by the load (kW);
c) the work ratio of the plant.
Sketch the schematic arrangement of the components of the plant and translate
each process on a T-s diagram.
For air, take cp = 1.005 kJ/kg.K and = 1.4 and for gas, take cp = 1.150 kJ/kg.K and
= 1.333.
Answers: (a) 25.6%, (b) 3332.3 kW, (c) 0.344

2. A gas turbine is used to drive an electric generator; it consists of two stage turbines
and a compressor. The H.P turbine drives the compressor and the L.P turbine drives
the electric generator. The overall pressure ratio is 6.5/1 and the maximum plant
temperature is 680oC. The gases leaving the H.P turbine are passed through the
second combustion chamber, which raises the gases temperature to 630oC, before
entering the L.P turbine. The gases leaving the L.P turbine are passed through a
heat exchanger, which heats the air leaving the compressor. The heat exchanger
thermal ratio is 0.7. The isentropic efficiency of the compressor is 0.85 and the
isentropic efficiency of each turbine is 0.86. The mechanical efficiency of each shaft
is 0.95. Neglect the effect of fuels mass; all pressure losses together with kinetic and
potential energies. If the air enters the compressor at 20oC, determine,
a) the plant thermal efficiency (%);
b) the mass flow rate (kg/s), if the electric generator power is 800 kW.
For air, take cp = 1.02 kJ/kg.K and = 1.4 and for gas, take cp = 1.14 kJ/kg.K and
= 1.35.
Answers: (a) 25.5%, (b) 6.56 kg/s

3. A gas turbine is used to drive an electric generator. It consists of two stage

compressors with an intercooler between stages, two combustion chambers, two
stage turbines and a heat exchanger. The H.P turbine drives the H.P compressor,
and the L.P turbine drives the L.P compressor and the alternator. The gas from the
 L.P turbine passes through the heat exchanger, which transfers heat to the air
leaving the H.P compressor. The reheat combustion chamber between turbine
stages raises the gas temperature to 600oC, which is also the gas temperature at
entry to the H.P turbine. The overall pressure ratio is 10/1; each compressor having
the same pressure ratio, and the air temperature at entry to the first stage
compressor is 20oC. Assuming isentropic efficiencies of 0.8 for both compressor
stages, and 0.85 for both turbine stages, and that 2% of the work of each turbine is
used in overcoming friction, calculate the power output in kW for a mass flow rate
of 115 kg/s. The heat exchanger thermal ratio is 0.7, and inter-cooling is complete
between compressor stages. Neglect all losses in pressure, and assume that velocity
changes are negligibly small. Calculate also the overall thermal efficiency of the
plant.
For air, take cp = 1.005 kJ/kg.K and = 1.4 and for gas, take cp = 1.150 kJ/kg.K and
= 1.333.
Answer: 14,385 kW, 25.6%

4. In a gas turbine plant the overall pressure ratio is 6/1. Air enters the compressor at
101 kN/m2 and 15oC. The air leaving the compressor passes through a heat
exchanger with the thermal ratio of 0.7 before entering the combustion chamber
that raises the gas temperature to 870oC. The gas leaving the turbine at 101 kN/m2
and passes through the heat exchanger before exhausting to atmosphere. The
isentropic efficiencies of the compressor and the turbine are 0.85 and 0.80,
respectively. By neglecting all pressure losses determine for a mass flow rate of 4
kg/s,
a) the plant output power (kW);
b) exhaust temperature from the heat exchanger (oC);
c) the thermal efficiency (%);
d) the thermal efficiency without the heat exchanger (%).
Sketch each process on a T-s diagram. Take cp = 1.005 kJ/kg.K and = 1.4.
Answer: (a) 562.3 kW, (b) 333.2oC, (c) 30.5 %, (d) 22.3 %

5. A gas turbine plant consists of two stage compressors and three stage turbines. The
H.P turbine drives the H.P compressor and the intermediate turbine drives the L.P
compressor. The third (L.P) turbine is carrying outside load. The air enters the L.P
compressor at 1 bar and 27oC . The overall pressure ratio is 12.96/1; the pressure
ratio for each compressor stage is the same and the inter-cooling process between
two stage compressors is complete. The air leaving the H.P compressor is heated in
a heat exchanger with the thermal ratio of 0.7 before entering the combustion
chamber that raises the gas temperature to 760oC and enters the H.P turbine. The
gas leaving the H.P turbine passes through the second combustion chamber raises
the gas temperature to 650oC before entering the intermediate-pressure turbine
and expanding through the L.P turbine without reheating. The isentropic efficiency
of each compressor is 0.85, and the isentropic efficiency of each turbine is 0.90.
Calculate the thermal efficiency of the plant and the plant net power for each kg/s
air induced. The fuel mass effect, the pressure losses and velocity changes can be
neglected.
Sketch the schematic arrangement of the components of the plant and translate
each process on a T-s diagram.
For air, take cp = 1.006 kJ/kg.K and = 1.4 and for gas, take cp = 1.14 kJ/kg.K and
= 1.33.
Answer: 36%, 204.7 kW

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