MEDICAL SURGICAL

Overview of the Structures & Functions of Nervous System

Central NS PNS ANS
Brain & spinal cord 31 spinal & cranial sympathetic NS
Parasypathatic NS

Somatic NS
C- 8
T- 12
L- 5
S- 5
C- 1

ANS (or adrenergic of parasympatholitic response)

SNS involved in fight or aggression response Effects of SNS (anti-cholinergic/adrenergic)

1. Dilate pupil to aware of surroundings
Release of norepinephrine (adrenaline cathecolamine) - medriasis
Adrenal medulla (potent vasoconstrictor) 2. Dry mouth
Increases body activities VS = Increase 3. BP & HR= increased
Except GIT decrease GITmotility bronchioles dilated to take more oxygen
4. RR increased
* Why GIT is not increased = GIT is not important! 5. Constipation & urinary retention
Increase blood flow to skeletal muscles, brain & heart.

I. Adrenergic Agents Epinephrine (adrenaline)

SE: SNS effect
II. PNS: Beta adrenergic blocking agents (opposite of adrenergic agents) (all end in lol)
- Blocks release of norepinephrine.
- Decrease body activities except GIT (diarrhea)
Ex. Propanolol, Metopanolol

SE:
B broncho spasm (bronchoconstriction)
E elicits a decrease in myocardial contraction
T treats HPN
A AV conduction slows down

Given to angina & MI beta-blockers to rest heart

Anti HPN agents:
1 Beta blockers (-lol)
2 Ace inhibitors (-pril) ex ENALAPRIL, CAPTOPRIL
3 Calcium antagonist
ex CALCIBLOC or NEFEDIPINE

Peripheral nervous system: cholinergic/ vagal or sympatholitic response Effect of PNS: (cholinergic)
- Involved in fly or withdrawal response 1. Meiosis contraction of pupils
- Release of acetylcholine (ACTH) 2. Increase salivation
- Decrease all bodily activities except GIT (diarrhea) 3. BP & HR decreased
4. RR decrease broncho
constriction
I Cholinergic agents 5. Diarrhea increased GI motility
ex 1. Mestinon 6. Urinary frequency
Antidote anti cholinergic agents Atropine Sulfate S/E SNS

S/E- of anti-hpn drugs:

1 orthostatic hpn