PIPELINE STRESS CALCULATION FOR ROAD CROSSING BY OPEN CUT METH

1. GENERAL
This calculation is carried out to determine the wall thickness of the 32" grade X-65 line pip
road/rail road crossing. in accordance with API RP 1102 "Steel Pipeline Crossing Rail Roads
Highways".
Private road and path crossing, which are not subject to major wheel load, are consodered
normal area. The pipe wall thickness at such private roads and path crossing shall be the s
normal area (0,438")

2. APPLICABLE AND REFERENCE CODES

ASME B31.8 (2003) gas trasnsmision and distribution piping system
API RP 1102 (1993) steel pipeline crossing railroads and highways

3. DESIGN BASIS
a Max Operating Press : 1050 psig
b Temperature Condition
Max Operating Temperature : 125 o
F
Minimun operating temperature : 78.4 o
F
temperature at time of instalation : 85 o
F
* Average ground temperature @1 burial depth
c Dimension of line pipes
Spesification : API Spech 5L X65 ( PS
Nominal Diameter : 32.00 in
Wall Thickness for crossings : 0.562 in
: 0.625 in
: 0.688 in
Specified Minimum Yield Strength : 65000 psi
d Corrosion Allowance
No corrosion Allowance is consodered for the pipeline
e Earth cover
Minimum Earth Cover at road crossing : 2.0 m
Minimum Earth Cover at rail road crossing : 2.0 m
f Surrounding soil Condirtion
Soil unit weight : 120 lb/in3
: 0.069 lb/ft4
Soil Type : soft clays/silts or loos
Modulus of Soil reaction (E') : 0.500 kips/in2
Resilient modulus (Er') : 5.000 kips/in2
It is recommended in API RP 1102 to use the above soil condition when soil co
unknown and no soil investigation has not ben performed.

g Design Factor
Class 1 ( Division 2) : 0.72
Class 2 and class 3 : 0.60
4. STRESS CALCULATION (Design facto 0.6 ;pipe wall thicknes 0.562 )
4.1 Stress Due to Earth Load
The circumfeential stress at pipeline invert caused by earth load (SHe) is calculated as folow

SHe = KHeBeEeD

where,
KHe = Stiffness factor for circumferential stress from earth load (from fig 3 API R
tw/D = 0.562 / 32.00 = 0.01756
E' = Modulus of soil reaction, in kips per square inc or megapascals =
KHe =

Be = Burial factor for earth load circumferential stress

Burial depth = H = m = ft
Bored Diameter (Bd) = B = in
Depth to bored diameter ratio = =
Burial factor for earth load circumferential stress =
 Ee = Excavation factor for earth load
= = ( Recommended value for open cut method)
= soil unit weight = lb/in3 ( Recommended value)
= pipe outside diameter = in
The circumferential stress at pipeline invert caused by earth load (She) is
She = psi
4.2 Highway cyclic stress
The cyclic circumferential stress due to highway vehicular load,SHh (psi) is calculated from f
SHh = KHhGHhRLF1w

Where,
KHh = Highway stiffness factor for circumferencial stress (from fig API RP 1102)
tw/D = 0.01756
Er = 5.000 ksi
KHh =

D = Pipe outside diameter = =

Bd = Burial Depth = H = = =
GHh = highway geometry factor for cyclic circumferencial
from fig 15 API RP 1102 =
R = Higheway pavement type factor ( from tablle 2 API RP 1102) =
L = Higheway axle configuration factor ( from tablle 2 API RP 1102) =

Fi ( Recommended ) impact factor ( from fig 7 API RP 1102) =

 The AASHIO HS2044 truck is used as a design load with a safety factor of 1.25
on the basis of the employer's requirements
w = 1.25 x 16000 / 144 = 138.889 lb/in2
The cyclic circumferencial stress due to highway vechicular load, S =

The cyclic longitududinal stress due to highway vechicular load, SHh (psi) is calculated fro
SLH = KLhGLhRLF1w
where,
KLh = Highway stiffness factor cyclic longitudinal stress (from fig API RP 1102)
tw/D =
Er = ksi
KLh =

D = Pipe outside diameter = =

Bd = Burial Depth = H = = =
GHh = highway geometry factor for cyclic circumferencial
from fig 15 API RP 1102 =
 R = Higheway pavement type factor ( from tablle 2 API RP 1102) =
L = Higheway axle configuration factor ( from tablle 2 API RP 1102) =
Fi = ( Recommended ) impact factor ( from fig 7 API RP 1102) =

The AASHIO HS2044 truck is used as a design load with a safety factor of 1.25
on the basis of the employer's requirements
w = 1.25 x 16000 / 144 = 138.889 lb/in2
The cyclic circumferencial stress due to highway vechicular load, S =

4.3 Stresses Due to Internal Load

The circumferential stress due to internal pressure Shi is calcukated from the following :

p(D-tw)
S1 =
2tw
Where,
p = Maximum operating pressure = psig
D = Pipe Outside diameter = in
tw = wall thickness ( for calass1 division 2) = in
Shi = C'ferential due to intermal pressure = psi

4.2 Principal Stress

4.4.1 Maximum Circumferential stress
Maximum Circumferential stress (S1) is calculated from the following :
S1 = She + SH + SHH
Where,
She = Circumferential Stress due to earth load =
SH = SHh Circumferential stress due to highway =
Shi = C'ferential stress due to internal pressure =
S1 = Maximum Circumferential stress =

4.4.2 Maximum longitudinal stress

S2 = SL - EST(T2-T1)+vS(She + Shi)

Where,
SL = =
Es = Youngs modulus of steel =
T = Coefficient of thermal expansion of steel =
T1 = temperature at time of installation =
 T2 = maximum or minimum operating temperature, =
= =
= =
Vs = Poissons ratio of steel =
She = Circumferential Stress due to earth load =
Shi = C'ferential stress due to internal pressure =
S2 = Maximum Circumferential stress =
S1 = Maximum longitudinal stress =

4.4.3 Maximum Radial Stress

S3 = Maximum Radial Stress =

4.5 Total Efetive Stresses

The Total Efetive Stresses Seff is calculated from the following
(1/2 [( 12) ^2+( 23) ^2+
Seff = ( 31) ^2])

where,
S1 = Maximum Circumferential stress =
S2 = Maximum longitudinal stress at T2 = 125 oF =
S2 = Maximum longitudinal stress at T2 = 78.4 oF =
S3 = Maximum Radial Stress = =
Seff = The total effective stress at T2 = 125 =
Seff = The total effective stress at T2 = 78.4 =

The Total Efetive Stresses Seff is taken as =

4.6 Check of calculated stress

4.6.1 First check for circumferentiail stress ( barlow formula)
Barlow formula
pD
SHi ( Barlow) =
2tw
Where,
p = Maximum operating pressure = psig
D = Pipe Outside diameter = in
tw = wall thickness ( for calass1 division 2) = in
Shi = C'ferential due to intermal pressure = psi

The check for safety at internal pressurization is accomplished by-Assuring that the
circumferential stress due to internal pressure calculated by barloew formula is less than t
factored specified minimun yield strength

Stress level is acceptable if

SHi ( Barlow) FxExSMYS
 Where,
F = design factor, for class 1 ( division 2) =
E = longitudinal joint factor =
SMYS = specified minimum yield strength =
FxExSMYS =

since Shi ( barlow) < FESMYS then Shi ( barlow) is =

4.6.1 Second check for total effective stress

The check against yielding of the ipeline is accomplished by assuring that the total eff

stress level is acceptable if

Sef FxSMYS

F = design factor, for class 1 ( division 2) =

SMYS = specified minimum yield strength =
FxSMYS =
Seff =

since Seff FxSMYS then Seff is

UT METHOD

65 line pipe at
ail Roads and

nsodered as the
l be the same in the

psig

L X65 ( PSL2)

lb/in3
lb/ft4
ts or loose and
kips/in2
kips/in2
en soil condition is
d as folow.

g 3 API RP 1102)

0.500

= in
ted from following

RP 1102)
 for road crossing

ulated from following :

P 1102)
 for road crossing

wing :
he
ss than the
e total effective stress less tthan the factor specified minimum yield strength.