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  • Enzymes in Clinical Chemistry MLT

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    wailjs
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    This document summarizes several enzymes that are important in clinical chemistry, including their function, class, source, and clinical significance. Some key enzymes discussed are CK, which is important for diagnosing heart disorders; LD and AST, which can be elevated in cardiac, hepatic, and muscle diseases; ALT and ALP, which are elevated in hepatic disorders; and GGT, which is used to evaluate liver and biliary disorders when increased. The document provides a high-level overview of the clinical importance of these enzymes.

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    Quick chart of the enzymes commonly tested in the laboratory

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    This document summarizes several enzymes that are important in clinical chemistry, including their function, class, source, and clinical significance. Some key enzymes discussed are CK, which is important for diagnosing heart disorders; LD and AST, which can be elevated in cardiac, hepatic, and muscle diseases; ALT and ALP, which are elevated in hepatic disorders; and GGT, which is used to evaluate liver and biliary disorders when increased. The document provides a high-level overview of the clinical importance of these enzymes.

    Droits d'auteur :

    © All Rights Reserved
    Téléchargez comme DOCX, PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    169 vues4 pages

    Enzymes in Clinical Chemistry MLT

    Transféré par

    wailjs
    This document summarizes several enzymes that are important in clinical chemistry, including their function, class, source, and clinical significance. Some key enzymes discussed are CK, which is important for diagnosing heart disorders; LD and AST, which can be elevated in cardiac, hepatic, and muscle diseases; ALT and ALP, which are elevated in hepatic disorders; and GGT, which is used to evaluate liver and biliary disorders when increased. The document provides a high-level overview of the clinical importance of these enzymes.

    Droits d'auteur :

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    sur 4

    Enzymes in Clinical Chemistry MLT

    Function Class of Source Clinical importance


    enzyme
    CK ATP generation Transferase Muscle, brain, -CK-MB is sensitive
    heart to heart disorders but
    not specific
    -AMI
    -Duchennes
    muscular dystrophy
    -Polymyositis
    -CNS disorders,
    hypothyroidism,
    hyperpyrexia, Reyes
    syndrome

    LD Catalyzes conversion of Oxido- Highest amt in - in cardiac,


    lactic acid and pyruvic reductase heart, liver, hepatic, skeletal
    acid skeletal muscle, renal
    muscle, diseases,
    kidneys, rbcs hematologic and
    neoplastic
    disorders
    - highest amts in
    pernicious
    anemia and
    hemolytic
    disorders

    AST Synthesis and degradation Transferase Highest in -can be found in AMI


    of amino acids liver, then - in pulmonary
    heart, then embolism and
    skeletal following CHF
    -highest levels in
    hepatocellular
    disorders (viral
    hepatitis up to 100X
    UNL, cirrhosis up to
    4X UNL)
    -high levels seen in
    skeletal muscle
    problems
    -other diseases such
    as Niemann Pick,
    Gauchers, diabetic
    ketoacidosis,
    hyperthyroidism,
    myelocytic leukemia
    ALT Similar to AST Transferase Highest in in hepatic disorders,
    liver higher in cellular
    disorders than in
    obstructive disorders
    -if no liver
    involvement, would
    not elevate in AMI
    ALP Release inorganic Hydrolase Highest in - in hepatobiliary
    phosphate from organic bone, liver disorders, more so in
    phosphate ester and (also intestine, obstructive disorders
    produces alcohol upon spleen, than hepatocellular
    release placenta, disorders
    kidney) - in bone disorders,
    highest in Pagets
    disease
    also in bone
    healing, growth in
    children, and bone
    fractures (key is
    pathological is >5X
    UNL whereas
    growth/heal is <5X
    UNL)
    - in pregnancy
    ACP Prostate related but is now Hydrolase prostate PSA has replaced
    replaced by PSA ACP for prostate
    analysis
    GGT Transfers -glutamyl Highest in -Evaluate liver and
    residue from -glutamyl kidneys but biliary disorders
    peptides to amino acids, also in liver when increased
    water, and small peptides -monitor chronic
    alcoholism
    AMY/AM Breaks down starch and Hydrolase Acinar cells of -serum and urine
    S glycogen to glucose, pancreas and shows acute
    maltose, and dextrin salivary glands pancreatitis
    - in intra-abdominal
    problems such as
    acute appendicitis,
    peptic ulcers, etc
    LIPASE Breaks down fats to Hydrolase pancreas Diagnosis of acute
    alcohols and fatty acids pancreatitis, usually
    done as a follow-up
    for amylase because
    it is more specific but
    less sensitive
    CHOLIN- ACHe hydrolyzes ACHe RBCs, - PCHe seen in liver
    ETERASE acetylcholine neural disease, malignancy,
    (acetylchol PCHe - degradation of synapses (also starvation, burn
    inesterase exogenous choline ester lungs and injuries, poisoning
    or ACHe,
    drugs spleen) -ACHe on amniotic
    pseudochol
    PCHe serum, fluid for the detection
    inesterase
    or PCHe) liver (pancreas, of neural tube defects
    heart, white
    matter also)
    G6PD Involved in the normal Oxido- -Most critical - in RBCs, maintains
    processing of reductase is inside RBCs NADPH levels in
    carbohydrates. It plays a - also in reduced form (needed
    critical role in red blood adrenal cortex, to regenerate proteins
    cells, which carry oxygen spleen, from oxidized to
    from the lungs to tissues thymus, lymph reduced state)
    throughout the body. This nodes, - impt for glutathione,
    enzyme helps protect red lactating which protects the
    blood cells from damage mammary hgb from oxidation
    and premature destruction glands -sex-linked disorder
    ALDOLAS Helps muscle turn sugar Diagnose and
    E into energy monitor skeletal
    muscle diseases
    5NUCLE Cell membrane enzyme Liver-specific but not
    OTIDE that hydrolyzes at an as sensitive as ALP,
    optimum pH 7.5 AST, and ALT
    usually used to
    determine whether an
    in ALP is from liver
    or bone disease
    AMI Acute Myocardial Infarction

    Hgb hemoglobin

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