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GSM BSS

GSM Multi-sector Solution Guide

Issue Draft A
Date 2015-05-15

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.


Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2015. All rights reserved.
No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written
consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

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and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders.

Notice
The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and the
customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within the
purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information,
and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representations
of any kind, either express or implied.

The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the
preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and
recommendations in this document do not constitute a warranty of any kind, express or implied.

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Address: Huawei Industrial Base
Bantian, Longgang
Shenzhen 518129
People's Republic of China

Website: http://www.huawei.com
Email: support@huawei.com

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GSM BSS
GSM Multi-sector Solution Guide Contents

Contents

1 About This Document..................................................................................................................1


1.1 Scope..............................................................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Intended Audience..........................................................................................................................................................1
1.3 Change History...............................................................................................................................................................1

2 Overview.........................................................................................................................................2
2.1 Background.....................................................................................................................................................................2
2.2 Overall Scheme...............................................................................................................................................................2
2.2.1 Dual-beam Antennas/Narrow-beam Antennas............................................................................................................3
2.2.2 Frequency Planning.....................................................................................................................................................4
2.3 Application Scenario......................................................................................................................................................4

3 Hardware Selection.......................................................................................................................7
3.1 Antenna Selection...........................................................................................................................................................7
3.2 RF Module Selection......................................................................................................................................................8
3.3 Connection Mode...........................................................................................................................................................9

4 Delivery Process...........................................................................................................................12
4.1 Scenario Identification..................................................................................................................................................13
4.2 Network Planning.........................................................................................................................................................13
4.2.1 Frequency Planning...................................................................................................................................................13
4.2.1.1 ARFCN Planning....................................................................................................................................................13
4.2.1.2 BSIC Planning........................................................................................................................................................14
4.2.1.3 HSN and MAIO Planning.......................................................................................................................................14
4.2.2 RF Planning...............................................................................................................................................................15
4.2.3 Neighboring Cell Planning........................................................................................................................................15
4.3 Network Optimization..................................................................................................................................................15
4.3.1 RF Optimization........................................................................................................................................................15
4.3.2 Frequency Optimization............................................................................................................................................16
4.3.3 Neighboring Cell Optimization.................................................................................................................................16
4.3.4 General Optimization................................................................................................................................................16

5 Acronyms and Abbreviations...................................................................................................17


6 Reference Documents.................................................................................................................18

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GSM BSS
GSM Multi-sector Solution Guide 1 About This Document

1 About This Document

1.1 Scope
This document describes the multi-sector solution which increases network capacity without
adding spectrums or sites. Using the spatial multiplexing technique, Huawei dual-beam
antennas, and network optimization, this solution helps operators meet challenges in network
capacity.

1.2 Intended Audience


This document is intended for personnel who:

l Need to understand the solution described herein


l Work with Huawei products

1.3 Change History


This section provides information about the changes in different document versions.

Draft A (2015-05-15)
This is the first commercial release.

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GSM BSS
GSM Multi-sector Solution Guide 2 Overview

2 Overview

2.1 Background
GSM spectrum resources are becoming less with the fast refarming development. However,
subscribers on the GSM network will not migrate to other networks in the near future, and the
demand on GSM network capacity remains great in a short term.

To help operators meet the challenge in network capacity, the multi-sector solution is introduced.
Using the spatial multiplexing technique, Huawei dual-beam antennas, and network
optimization, this solution increases network capacity without adding spectrums or sites.

2.2 Overall Scheme


The multi-sector solution uses dual-beam antennas or narrow-beam antennas to achieve small
sector coverage area. Together with proper frequency planning and increased frequency reuse
rate, this solution increases system capacity by 30% to 70%.

Figure 2-1 shows the implementation of the GSM multi-sector solution.

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GSM Multi-sector Solution Guide 2 Overview

Figure 2-1 GSM multi-sector implementation

This solution uses dual-beam antennas or narrow-beam antennas and involves frequency
planning and GSM multi-sector related techniques.

2.2.1 Dual-beam Antennas/Narrow-beam Antennas


The GSM multi-sector solution uses the following antennas:

l Narrow-beam antenna: Its beam half-power angle is 33 degrees, which is half of that of a
three-sector antenna. Two narrow-beam antennas provide the same coverage as a common
antenna and therefore can be used for sector splitting.
l Dual-beam antenna: It splits a beam of a common antenna into two well-isolated beams
and therefore can be used for sector splitting.

Figure 2-2 Narrow-beam antenna and dual-beam antenna

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GSM Multi-sector Solution Guide 2 Overview

2.2.2 Frequency Planning


Frequency planning for the multi-sector solution is as follows:

l Back-to-back intra-frequency planning: Front-to-rear power of the antenna directivity


diagram is high. Based on this, have the two cells in back-to-back mode use the same
frequency and remain the original three-sector frequency planning unchanged.
l Non-back-to-back intra-frequency planning: The included angle of the main lobe is small,
making it easy to avoid overlapping areas covered by main lobes of neighboring sites. Based
on this, traverse frequencies for planning using the U-Net and obtain the optimal frequency
planning which has minimum intra-network co- and adjacent-channel interference.

2.3 Application Scenario


The GSM multi-sector solution helps increase network capacity by increasing the TRX reuse
times per area and improve uplink and downlink coverage using dual-beam antennas. Dual-beam
antennas bring 1 to 3 dB gains compared with traditional 65-degree antennas.

This solution is used in the following scenarios:

1. Capacity-required scenarios where the following conditions are met:


l The proportion of cell-level half rate traffic volume for voice services during peak hours
is greater than 80%, or the traffic channel (TCH) congestion rate is greater than 2%.
l Site acquisition is difficult, and sites cannot be added.
2. Weak coverage scenarios where the weak coverage and bad quality ratio is greater than or
equal to 4%
l The weak coverage and bad quality ratio is the percentage when the receive quality level
ranges from 4 to 7, the uplink level is less than 95 dBm, and the downlink level is less
than 90 dB.
3. Refarming scenarios where frequency bands are saved for UMTS/LTE (UL) networks
4. GUL co-site scenarios where UMTS or LTE sectors have been split and GSM sectors are
to be split to save space

Restrictions of this solution are as follows:

l When co-BCCH or enhanced dual-band network is enabled, the multi-sector reconstruction


must be performed on both frequency bands.
l IBCA is mutually exclusive with this solution.
l When traffic is severely unbalanced among sectors, for example, traffic concentrates in
some sectors and cannot be distributed to other sectors by sector splitting, the multi-sector
solution is not recommended.
l When strip-shaped areas are in the same direction of sector coverage, especially in high-
speed mobility scenarios, the multi-sector solution is not recommended.
l If antennas are not selected based on the GSM multi-sector antenna selection plan, the
expected system capacity cannot be achieved.
l When the included angle between azimuths is less than 100, sector splitting is not
recommended.

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GSM Multi-sector Solution Guide 2 Overview

l Traffic migration occurs after sector splitting. Therefore, verify the solution gain by
checking cluster-level counters.

Continuous-area Reconstruction
In this scenario, sites in a continuous area are reconstructed to multi-sectors. Because narrow-
beam antennas are used in the reconstruction area and unified frequency planning is performed,
intra-network interference is easy to control, bringing a significant capacity gain.

The following table provides capacity gains for different bandwidths at the 1800 MHz frequency
band when Huawei split antenna AMB4520R0 is used for continuous-area reconstruction. For
a satisfactory capacity gain, it is recommended that the reconstruction cover more than 20 sites.

Frequency Bandwidth Capacity Gain

3.0 MHz to 3.8 MHz 10% to 30%

3.8 MHz to 6.2 MHz 30% to 45%

6.2 MHz to 10 MHz 45% to 55%

> 10 MHz 55% to 70%

The following table provides capacity gains for different bandwidths at the 900 MHz frequency
band in the continuous-area reconstruction.

Frequency Bandwidth Capacity Gain

3.0 MHz to 3.8 MHz 8% to 25%

3.8 MHz to 6.2 MHz 25% to 35%

6.2 MHz to 10 MHz 35% to 45%

> 10 MHz 45% to 56%

Mixed Networking Reconstruction


On the live network, mixed networking reconstruction is performed when some sites in a
continuous area require capacity expansion. In the reconstruction, frequencies are re-planned
for all cells in the continuous area to ensure that intra-network interference is controllable.

The proportion of sites for mixed networking reconstruction varies with the frequency reuse
rate. If the proportion is excessively low, the advantage of narrow-beam antennas to control
interference in the three- and multi-sector hybrid network is compromised. In this case, co- and
adjacent-channel interference cannot be eliminated, and the network quality deteriorate.

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GSM Multi-sector Solution Guide 2 Overview

Table 2-1 GSM multi-sector reconstruction

BCCH TCH Reconstructio Recommende Minimum


Frequency Frequency n Scale (Site d Site Interference
Reuse Pattern Reuse Pattern Quantity) Reconstructio Protection
n Quantity Area

BCCH 3x3 / 20 sites 20 sites Neighboring


cells of two
layers

BCCH 4x3 TCH 1x3 20 sites Neighboring


cells of two
layers

TCH 2x3 10 sites Neighboring


cells of one
layer

TCH 3x3 7 sites None

TCH 4x3 5 sites None

The mixed networking reconstruction is performed on a certain proportion of sites. Therefore,


its gain is about 80% of the gain brought by the continuous-area reconstruction when the
preceding conditions are met.

Weak Coverage
Dual-beam antennas or narrow-beam antennas provide greater coverage gain than traditional
three-sector antennas and therefore are used in networks with high requirements on coverage.
The quantitative coverage gain is determined by the gain difference between the dual-beam
antenna/narrow-beam antenna and the three-sector antenna on the live network, which is about
2 dB.

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GSM BSS
GSM Multi-sector Solution Guide 3 Hardware Selection

3 Hardware Selection

3.1 Antenna Selection


Table 3-1 Antenna selection

Model Manuf Band Gain Horizo Electri Specif Weigh Anten


acturer Class (dBi) ntal c Tilt ication t (Unit: na
(MHz) Beam s kg) Type
Width (H x W
() x D)
(mm)

LBX-3 Andre 806-89 21 33 0 2577 x 21.3 Narrow


319DS- w 6 591 x -beam
T0M 182 antenna
870-96
0

2CPX2 Argus 824-89 17.9 39 0-10 2090 x 32.5 Dual-


08R- 0 504 x beam
V1 118 antenna
890-96 18.2 36
0

AMB4 Huawei 1710-1 19.2 34 0-10 1468 x 18.3 Dual-


520R0 990 349 x beam
166 antenna
1920-2 19.7 31
200

2200-2 20 29
490

2490-2 20.2 27
690

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GSM BSS
GSM Multi-sector Solution Guide 3 Hardware Selection

Model Manuf Band Gain Horizo Electri Specif Weigh Anten


acturer Class (dBi) ntal c Tilt ication t (Unit: na
(MHz) Beam s kg) Type
Width (H x W
() x D)
(mm)

DX-69 Huawei 690-96 20.5 33 0-10 2580 x 400 Narrow


0-960-3 0 590 x -beam
3-20.5i 169 antenna
-M-R

HBXX- Andre 1710-1 19.2 38 0-10 1390 x 15 Dual-


3817T w 880 301 x beam
B- 181 antenna
VTM 1850-1 19.6 38
990

1920-2 19.8 35
180

For the 1800 MHz frequency band, Huawei antenna AMB4520R0 is recommended. For the 900
MHz frequency band, Huawei antenna DX-690-960-33-20.5i-M-R is recommended.

3.2 RF Module Selection


In principle, types of radio frequency (RF) modules for multi-sector capacity expansion are the
same for the six sectors. Specifically, you are advised to use RF modules of the same type as
that configured on the original three sectors or having replacement relationships with the original
RF modules unless RF modules of the original three sectors are to be changed. For example,
macro base stations use radio frequency units (RFUs), and distributed base stations use remote
radio units (RRUs). In special scenarios, to facilitate multi-sector capacity expansion, RRUs can
be added to macro base stations to serve newly added sectors.

RF modules in 1T2R and 2T2R modes are independently configured on each sector. The number
of RF modules configured on each sector varies depending on the TRX number, bandwidth,
power, and frequency band. In 2015, Huawei introduces a 2T4R RRU (RRU3953) for distributed
base stations. The 2T4R RRU can be shared by two sectors, thereby saving RRU installation
clearance.

Table 3-2 RF module selection

Module RRU393 RRU393 RRU365 RRU395 MRFUv MRFUd MRFUe


6 9 9 3 2

Frequen 900/180 1800 900 1800 900 900/180 1800


cy Band 0 MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz 0 MHz MHz

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GSM Multi-sector Solution Guide 3 Hardware Selection

Support G/U/L G/U/L G/U/L G/U/L G/U/L G/U/L G/U/L


ed RAT

Channel 1T2R 2T2R 2T2R 2T4R 1T2R 2T2R 1T2R

Output 1 x 80 W 2 x 60 W 2 x 60 W 2 x 80 W 1 x 80 W 2 x 80 W 1 x 125
Power GSM: 2 W
x 60 W

Maximu 6 6 6 6 2 2 2
m
Number
of
Cascadi
ng
Levels

Require 6 6 6 3 6 6 6
d
Quantit
y

NOTE

The RF modules are software-defined radio (SDR) modules and support evolution to the UMTS or LTE
sites. They can be used when the multi-sector solution is used in multiple radio access technologies (RATs).
The RF modules can be cascaded to save the number of required common public radio interface (CPRI)
ports on the BBU.

3.3 Connection Mode


The connection mode varies with the antenna and RF modules types.

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GSM Multi-sector Solution Guide 3 Hardware Selection

Figure 3-1 Connection between 1T2R/2T2R RF modules and narrow-beam antennas (dual
receiving)

Figure 3-2 Connection between 1T2R/2T2R RF modules and dual-beam antennas (dual
receiving)

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GSM Multi-sector Solution Guide 3 Hardware Selection

Figure 3-3 Connection between 2T4R RF modules and dual-beam antennas (dual receiving)

Figure 3-4 Connection between 2T4R RF modules and narrow-beam antennas (dual receiving)

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GSM Multi-sector Solution Guide 4 Delivery Process

4 Delivery Process

Figure 4-1 Delivery process

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GSM Multi-sector Solution Guide 4 Delivery Process

4.1 Scenario Identification


The multi-sector solution is used in capacity-required scenarios where the following conditions
are met:

l The proportion of cell-level half rate traffic volume for voice services during peak hours
is greater than 80%, or the TCH congestion rate is greater than 2%.
l Site acquisition is difficult, and sites cannot be added.

The accurate site planning (ASP) tool can be used to filter target scenarios and antenna initial
parameters.

NOTE

The ASP of the current version supports scenario identification and of the version released in May of 2015
supports multi-sector antenna initial parameter planning. Before that time, manually set antenna initial
parameters.

4.2 Network Planning

4.2.1 Frequency Planning


Frequency planning of the multi-sector reconstruction is performed using the U-Net. Figure
4-2 shows the frequency planning process.

Figure 4-2 Frequency planning process

4.2.1.1 ARFCN Planning


The multi-sector absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) planning falls into the
following types:

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GSM Multi-sector Solution Guide 4 Delivery Process

l Back-to-back intra-frequency planning: Front-to-rear power of the antenna directivity


diagram is high. Based on this, have the two cells in back-to-back mode use the same
frequency and remain the original three-sector frequency planning unchanged.
This planning method is recommended when sectors are split to five or six sectors and is
not recommended in 1x3 or 2x3 scenarios and single-site reconstruction scenarios.
Working principles of this method are as follows:
In the interference matrix, interference matrices of the two back-to-back cells are
combined.
Frequencies are planned based on the combined interference matrix, and available
frequencies are obtained.

Figure 4-3 Back-to-back intra-frequency planning

l Non-back-to-back intra-frequency planning: The included angle of the main lobe is small,
making it easy to avoid overlapping areas covered by main lobes of neighboring sites. Based
on this, traverse ARFCNs using the U-Net and use the optimal frequency plan which has
minimum intra-network co- and adjacent-channel interference.

4.2.1.2 BSIC Planning


The base transceiver station identity code (BSIC) planning for the multi-sector solution is the
same as that for the common three-sector solution. During the planning, obey the following
principles:
l A serving cell and its neighboring cells cannot be configured with the same BCCH and
same BSIC.
l Neighboring cells of a serving cell cannot be configured with the same BCCH and same
BSIC.
l The BCCH and BSIC reuse distance must be as long as possible for cells with the same
BCCH and same BSIC.
For details on planning BSICs based on the topology relationship using the U-Net, see GSM
Frequency Planning Technical Guide.

4.2.1.3 HSN and MAIO Planning


The hopping sequence number (HSN) and mobile allocation index offset (MAIO) planning for
the multi-sector solution is similar to that for the three-sector solution.
HSN planning principle: Cells using the same MA cannot use the same HSN. If HSN resources
are insufficient, ensure that the HSN reuse distance is as long as possible. In the three-sector

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GSM Multi-sector Solution Guide 4 Delivery Process

solution, HSNs of cells under the same site are the same. However, in the multi-sector solution,
if the back-to-back intra-frequency planning is used, HSNs for back-to-back cells must be
different to avoid intra-frequency interference.
MAIO planning principles: Each TRX involved in the frequency hopping (FH) is assigned
with an MAIO. The MAIO value, indicated by L, ranges from 0 to l, which is obtained by
subtracting 1 from the MA length.
For details on planning HSNs and MAIOs based on the topology relationship using the U-Net,
see GSM Frequency Planning Technical Guide.

4.2.2 RF Planning
Perform RF planning based on the actual situation and comply with the following principles:

l Enable sector antennas to face the overlapping areas of the two sectors under two
neighboring base stations.
l Prevent the main lobes of sectors under two neighboring base stations from facing each
other.
l Prevent the situation that important areas are covered by overlapping areas.
During the RF planning, take traffic balance into consideration.
In actual engineering parameter planning, to avoid back interference caused by signal back spill-
over in the back-to-back intra-frequency continuous area construction, you are advised to set
the mechanical downtilt angle to 0 degrees and adjust the electrical downtilt angle to optimize
network coverage.

4.2.3 Neighboring Cell Planning


The multi-sector reconstruction increases the number of sectors as well as the number of
neighboring cells. When the number of neighboring cells reaches the threshold, which is 64 for
a single cell, perform neighboring cell planning based on the topology relationship using the U-
Net.

4.3 Network Optimization


When the multi-sector solution is used in urban areas (especially in densely populated urban
areas), due to complicated geographical environment, more sectors, and increased traffic
volume, network interference becomes more severe, and the number of neighboring cells
increases, leading the network performance to fluctuate. This section describes the solutions to
the problem.

4.3.1 RF Optimization
RF engineering parameter modification based on actual situations can resolve most problems in
signal coverage and interference. Specifically, it can eliminate coverage holes as well as control
coverage and interference. Generally, RF optimization involves modifications of antenna
downtilt, azimuth, position, and height. The modification principles are the same as that for RF
planning.
If the U-Net is deployed on the live network, collect measurement reports (MRs) for automatic
cell planning (ACP) simulation and RF parameter optimization. If the U-Net is not deployed on

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GSM Multi-sector Solution Guide 4 Delivery Process

the live network, modify RF parameters based on the site geographic display, drive test (DT)
data, traffic statistics, and actual situations.

4.3.2 Frequency Optimization


This section describes how to modify BCCH and TCH frequencies and BSICs to decrease intra-
network co- and adjacent-channel interface and thereby improve network quality.

If the Nastar is deployed on the live network, collect MR data and traffic statistics and perform
partial adjustment using the Nastar. For a large-scale adjustment, frequency refarming is
recommended. If the Nastar is not deployed on the live network, or few cells are interfered,
manually modify BCCH frequencies and BSICs for top cells. Enable the BCCH and BSIC reuse
distance to be as long as possible, preventing co- and adjacent-channel interference and cells
with the same BCCH and BSIC.

4.3.3 Neighboring Cell Optimization


Neighboring cell optimization includes adding missing neighboring cells and deleting redundant
neighboring cells.

If the Nastar/SONMaster or U-Net is deployed on the live network, detect missing and redundant
cells based on MRs using the Nastar/SONMaster ANR function. Alternatively, detect missing
neighboring cells based on the topology relationship and coverage prediction using the U-Net.
If the Nastar/SON Master or U-Net is not deployed on the live network, detect missing
neighboring cells and redundant cells based on the site geographic display, DT data, and traffic
statistics.

4.3.4 General Optimization


After RF optimization, frequency optimization, and neighboring cell optimization, check and
optimize common performance problems, for example, check RF channels and parameters and
analyze traffic statistics. For details, see the GSM troubleshooting guide.

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GSM Multi-sector Solution Guide 5 Acronyms and Abbreviations

5 Acronyms and Abbreviations

Acronym or Full Name


Abbreviation

ACP automatic cell planning

AFP automatic frequency planning

ASP accurate site planning

B2B back to back

RF radio frequency

ANR automatic neighbor relation

IBCA Interference Based Channel Allocation

SDR software-defined radio

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GSM Multi-sector Solution Guide 6 Reference Documents

6 Reference Documents

None

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