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d T = Diameter of rivet
d h = hole diameter
dh = dT + 1/16
d= dh
+ 1/16
therefore d = d T
b. Butt joint
Note:
Riveted joints typically have about 40% - 94% joint efficiency the higher
efficiency is attained in a quadruple riveted, double strapped joint (ASME
Boiler Code)
Joint efficiency (e or Nj )
For Fg;
Fg=Sd [Ltp] Sut
T Sd =
T
N
tp Plate thickness
N - factor of safety
For F (tension)
F=S d (Lnd)tp
T
For F (tension)
For Compression
F=S d (dt )n
C
For shear
F=S d [nS ( 4 )( d ) ]
2
Note;
For a complicated joint, F may be formed from the combination of the above
expressions
Example No. 2
Calculate the joint efficiency of the given riveted joint. Use a factor of safety
of 5 and the following strength values:
S u =700 kg /cm2
t
2
S u =1400 kg /cm
C
S u =550 kg/cm 2
S
Fg
S= S dt
Ag
Su
Fg=Sdt [ Ag ] = [ L (tp ) ]
t
700
Fg= ( 16 ( 0.6 ) )
5
Fg=1344 kgf
E Su
S= S dt = t
A N
A= ( Lnd ) tp
Su
F= [ ( Lnd ) tp]
t
700
F=
5
[ ( 16 )4 ( 1.5 ) ] 0.6
F=840 kg
Compressive/bearing failure
F S uc
S= S dC =
Ab N
Suc
F= [n ( d ) ( tp ) ]
N
1400
F= [4 (1.5 )( 0.6 ) ]
5
F=1008 kgf
F Su
SS= S ds= s
As N
Su
F=
N
s
[n ( 4 )( d ) ]
2
550
F=
5
[4
4 ( )
( 1.5 )2 ]
F=777.5 kg
F 777.5
e=nj= = 100
Fg 1344
e=57.85
e=57.85
Example no. 2
Compute the efficiency of the triple-riveted, double strapped riveted joint (as
previously introduced), the pitch of the outermost column/row of rivets is
125mm. the plates are 11mm thick each, and the straps are each 9.5 mm
thick. Consider the final rivet diameter d to be 24 mm. Use a factor safety
of 5 and the ff. of other values
S u =380 MPa
t
For the
S u =655 MPa
C
S u =300 MPa
S for the plates
SOLUTION
e=?
tp
1 ( d ) t s +2 ( d ) t p +2 ( d )
AA 655 BB or
F=
t s <t p 5 CC
t r <2t s
655
F= 1(24) [ 1 ( 95 )+ 2 ( 11 )+2(11) ]
5
* F=168204 N
F=91515.4 N
Safe tensileload is
84436
e=
104500
e=80.8
Ss
P2
' T
Ss =
J
P1
C
P3
Ss 3
=radial distance of the center of rivet centroid c .
'
Ss
(The farthest rivet has the largest magnitude of S s' }
Example Number 3
(a) Determine the resultant shear load FR of the most heavily loaded rivet in the joint
loaded as shown.
Dimensions in mm
(b) For a shear design stress of 90 MPa. What uniform rivet diameter is necessary?
Solution:
*Centroid location ( x , y
due
x =150 mm ( symmetry )
y =?
y =
( A y ) : A= d 2
A 4
4 = 1252+150 2=5=195.3 mm
6250
SS=
A
J = A ( 195050 ) Symmetri
cal
50000 ( 300 )( 195.3 ) distances
S S 4' =
( 195050 ) A
' 15019.2
SS 4 =
A
20220.2 F
S SR = : S SR= R
A A Resultan
t shear
force
F R 4 F R MHL =20220.2 N
Rivet
20220.2
S SR = S Sd =90
[ 2
A= d
4 ]
d=16.91 mm
Example No. 1
Compute the length of the weld required in a built joint that is to join 10mm.
thick plates and to be loaded axially with 40 KN. Use a design stress of 60 MPa.
Solution:
Given:
t f =10 mm
t t p =10 mm
S d =60 MPa
From:
F
S= S d : A=tL
A
40000
=60 ;
10 ( L )
L=66.67 mm
Example No. 2
What size of the weld would you recommend for the lap joint as shown?
Use a shear design stress of 90 MPa
Solution:
b=? (weld size)
Lap joint:
F
S= S
tL d
60000
=90
2 t ( 100 )
t+3.333 mm
but:
t=b cos ( 45 )
3.333
b= =4.71mm
cos ( 45 )
Example No. 3
Recommend the weld size required for the given eccentrically loaded tee
joint.
Solution:
Direct shear stress
F 12000
Ss= =
tL 2 t ( 100 )
60
Ss =
t
Normal stress
M c 3 Fe 3(12000)(200)
S= = 2= 2
I tL t (100)
720
S=
t
S Smax= S s2+
S 2
()
2
S Sd
1
t
60 2+
720 2
2 ( )
=70
t=5.21 mm
t
b= =7.37 mm
0.707
Example No. 4
What weld size is necessary for the joint located as shown? There are three
fillet welds holding the bracket to the fixed wall. Use a shear design stress of 90 MPa
for the welds.
Solution:
*centroid location
x =
( Ax) A=tL
;
A
[
t 125 ( 1252 ) ( 2)+ 250(0)]
t [125 ( 2 ) +250 ]
x =31.25 mm
*radial distances
r 1=r 3 =128.9 mm
r 2=x =31.25 mm
=?
=( for point A)
250
=125
2
125 x =93.75
*stresses
T =F( e)
e=425x
e=393.75
F 55000
Ss= =
t L t [ 125 ( 2 ) +250 ]
110
Ss =
t
where:
J c = [ J + A T 2 ]
J = I x + I y
3
I x = t L
12
3
I y = L t
12
[ ] [ ]
3 3
t ( 125 ) t ( 250 )
J c= +t (125 )( 128.85 )2 2+ + t ( 250 ) ( 31.25 )2
12 12
J c =( 6022325 ) t
T =F ( e )
T =55000 (393.75 )
T
Ss ' =
Jc
[ 55000 ( 393.75 ) ] (156.25 )
6022325 t
' 561.6
Ss=
t
125
tan =
93.75
=53.13
2
S SR = S s2+ ( S s ' ) +2 S s ( S's ) cos
633.75
S SR= S Sd =90
t
t=7.04 mm
t
or b=
cos 45
b=9.96 mm
Use b=10 mm
where:
M = bending moment of the joint
SI = tensile stress of the weld at pt. 1
S = tensile stress on the most stressed point (pt. A) of the weld
M +=0
r sin : dF=S I (dA)
dM dF
dM =S I ( trd ) r sin
( S sin )( trd )( r sin )
dM =St r 2 sin 2 d
(*S max stress)
Thus,
2
M =St r 2
sin 2 d=st r 2
0
.
M M 4M
S= = ; S=
t r2 2
D2 t
t[ ]
D
2
S Smax = S s2 + () S 2
2
S Sd
Example No. 5
Consider the joint being loaded as shown. The axle is being held by a 5-mm
annular fillet weld to the fixed member. For each of the following cases, compute
the maximum permissible load indicated:
( a ) F=0 ; T =0 ; M =?
( b ) F=? ; T =0 ; M =0 ( c ) F=0 ; T =? ; M=0
(d) If the loads that are simultaneously applied have the following magnitudes, is
the weld used still sufficient?
M =0.5 KN m
F=1.5 KN
T =1 KN m
Given:
5mm annular fillet weld (b=5mm)
S Sd =60 MPa
S d =90 MPa
a M=?
From
5.66 M
S= 2
Sd
D b
5.66 M
=90
( 7 )2 ( 5 )
M =1404974 Nmm
(a) F=?
M= F(L)
M= F (200)
S=( 0.0128 F )
F F F
Ss = = =
tL Dt D ( b cos 45 )
45
5 cos
(75)
F
Ss=
S s =( 0.0012 F )
S s = S s 2+ () S 2
2
S Sd
2
0.0128 F
( 0.0112 F )2 + ( 2 ) =90
F=13821.6N or F=13.82KN
(c)
T= (2f)
D
2
2T
Therefore Ss = 2F D 2T
= =
Dt Dt D2 t
2T
Ss = 2
=( S sd =60 )
( 75 ) ( 500545 )
T=1874.341N-mm or
T=1.874 KN-m
(d)
(figure)
Mo=1500(200) M= M=Mo+M1
M1=500000 M1=800000
T=1000000 N-m
-Stresses
5.66 M
S= =51.25 MPa
D2 b
S s =?
F F
Ss1 = = ; s =1.8 MPa
tL Dt s 1
2T
Ss 2 = ; s s 2=32.01 Mpa
D2 t
SAFE