PNEUMATIC ROBOTIC ARM

PROJECT SYNOPSIS

OF MAJOR PROJECT

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED BY

TARANJOT SINGH
MUNAWARJIT SINGH RANDHAWA
SHUBHAM SHARMA
PARMVIR SINGH
KHUSHDEEP SINGH SANDHU
August 2016
CGC COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, LANDRAN (MOHALI)
CONTENTS

1. Introduction

2. Feasibility Study

3. Planning Of Work

4. Facilities Required For Purposed Work

5. Bibliography
 INTRODUCTION

What does one visualize while thinking of a Robot? Does a robot roll as
R2D2 (from Star Wars) or walk upright as C3P0? Does it have
expressionistic face or a mechanical one? Does it function as vacuum or
picks objects for you? As there are many uses of Robotics, it is
reasonable to think that there are various designs too. To know how
these complex yet intelligent machines move, one needs to look at their
engineering, physics closely.
Other than the sci-fi movies, the Robots can be seen around us
assembling the cars, in bottling factory etc. The robots have been in the
industry for last two decades because of their continuous working ability
in an atmosphere, where humans are not even able to stand for minutes,
without any supporting equipment, like space.
Among different components, actuators are the most important for
robotic automation. This component helps in conversion of stored
energy in movement. Usually, these are the electric motors, although
compressed air and chemical actuators are also available for use. Stepper
motor rotates in controllable motions and are commanded by controllers.
Ultrasonic motor uses fast vibrating piezo-ceramic element for causing
motion. With the help of compressed air, air muscles work exactly like
human muscles, contracting and expanding.

Robots are made from an assortment of materials and are driven in many
ways too. These can be constructed from sturdy, heavy steel or light
weighted plastics. Surgical robots and Robotic arms have uncomplicated
rotational joints. These are driven by hydraulics and electrical motors
along with longitudinal joints that are moved with rotating screws. Some
mobile robots have various wheels that can operate on various planes
while others can walk on different terrains with multiple legs. You can
find robots with sensing mechanisms like cameras operating as eyes and
touch sensors for feeling the environment.
 PLANNING OF WORK AND FACILITIES
REQUIRED

Nowadays robots are flourishing in many industries. In olden

days robots are only used as toys for children, but today it finds
a wide range of applications in most of the industries,
companies, hospitals, etc., for automation purposes. Mostly
stepper motor is used to control the arm of the robots.
So we innovated an idea to replace stepper motor by
pneumatics. We use pneumatic control for the advantage of
heavy torque comparing to stepper motor.
Our project consists of :-

Micro controller
Pneumatic Valves,
Upward/Downward Cylinder (cylinder1)
Angular Movement Cylinder (cylinder2)
Control Switch.

The micro controller controls the opening and closing of the

pneumatic valves.
When the valve1 gets opened, due to pressure the cylinder1 will
move either in upward or downward direction. Likewise, when
the valve 2 gets opened, the cylinder2 will be rotating at angular
position. The control switch is used to control the direction of
the cylinder movement.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

GOOGLE

WIKIPEDIA

I.A.R by Ak gupta
 WHY ARE WE USING PNEUMATICS?

Pneumatics are actually really easy to set up, and they facilitate
rapid changes, ie. when something breaks it is really easy to
replace or add something new, they are also very powerful, the
maximum allowed air pressure is more than enough to
accomplish most things. Pneumatics are relatively light and they
don't require too much in the way of battery power. Pneumatics
are also easier to design, you don't need to align chains and belts
with special housings or anything.

Drawbacks: They do take up allot of space, they also require a

large investment in parts as the system requires all the pieces in
order to function (one ram is not a stand alone piece like an
electric-motor).

Imagine wiring up a motor or any other electronic component,

but instead of positive and negative you just have one set of
tubes that work anywhere, there is no gauge(size of wires) or
wires to be stripped, and you don't need any tools to put it all
together(no more soldering and heat shrinking). I think we have
all had difficulties trying to fit the right sized screwdriver into
the correct slot and twisting it "just so" in order to get a wire to
stay in place. All of that can be (for the most part) ditched,
pneumatics are simple and clean (not like hydraulics).
 ROBOTIC ARM

A robotic arm is a type of mechanical arm,

usually programmable but we are using a
pneumatics system for the moment of our arm
and to accomplish the given task, with similar
functions to a human arm; the arm may be the
sum total of the mechanism or may be part of a
more complex robot. The links of such a
manipulator are connected by joints allowing
either rotational motion (such as in an
articulated robot) or translational (linear)
displacement.[1][2] The links of the manipulator
can be considered to form a kinematic chain.
The terminus of the kinematic chain of the
manipulator is called the end effector and it is
analogous to the human hand.
 FEASIBILITY & WORKING OF A
PNEUMATIC ROBOTIC ARM

The arm our group is going to design will work on the

compressed air from a compressor fitted with 3 actuators
which will allow the moment of the arm in front and back
direction and with an angular moment.

We will design the robotic arm to work with a hacksaw to

cut the desired work piece with full efficiency and proper
measurements