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Steven Le/ Emily Millington/ Janice Chang/ Serenity Masuno

Mrs.Chang/ Period 3.

AP Biology

27 October 2016

Diffusion and Osmosis Lab

Materials:
6 test tubes
1 Ceramic knife
0.0M, 0.2M, 0.4M, 0.6M, 0.8M, 1.0 M solutions of Sucrose in distilled water
Scale
6 Carrots that have roughly the same size and mass
Parafilm
Procedure:
1. Select and trim off 6 carrots to make sure they are of similar size and weight
2. Label Carrots A-F
3. Using the scale, record the mass of each individual carrot
4. Place each carrot in the corresponding test tube labeled A-F
5. Fill the test tube with the sucrose solution from 1 inch below the brim
6. Cover each tube with parafilm; wait 24 hours
7. Remove the film and proceed to dry the carrot gently
8. Record each Carrots individual mass in grams
9. Calculate percent change in mass to analyze solution molarity

Solution Initial Mass Final Mass % Change in

(g) (g) Mass

A 4.34 3.96 -8.76

B 4.47 4.60 2.91

C 4.41 3.57 -19.05

D 4.33 4.30 -0.7

E 4.25 3.27 -23.06

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F 4.33 4.17 -3.7

Calculations for the % Change in Mass of Carrot Cores:

A. (4.34-3.96) x 100 = -8.76%

(4.34)

B. (4.47-4.60) x 100 = 2.91%

(4.47)

C. (4.41-3.57) x 100 = -19.05%

(4.41)

D. (4.33-4.30) x 100 = -0.7%

(4.33)

E. (4.25-3.27) x 100 = -23.06%

(4.25)

F. (4.33-4.17) x 100 = -3.7%

(4.33)
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Molar Concentration of Solutes within Carrot Core Calculation

1. Y = -27.137x + 4.842
2. +4.842 = + 4.842
3. 4.842 = -27.137x
4. -27.137x = -27.137x
5. x = -0.178

Sucrose Concentration of Sucrose in each Mystery Solution

Solution Solution
Molarity
(M)

A 0.6M

B 0.0M

C 0.8M

D 0.2M

E 1.0M

F 0.4m

Solute Potential of Sucrose Solution:

s = (-1)(0.6M)(0.0831 Liter Bars/ Mole K)(273.16oC+22.10oC) = -14.722 Bars

s = (-1)(0.0M)(0.0831 Liter Bars/ Mole K)(273.16oC+22.10oC) = 0.0 Bars Bars

o o
s =
(-1)(0.8M)(0.0831 Liter Bars/ Mole K)(273.16 C+22.10 C) = -19.629 Bars

o o
s =
(-1)(0.2M)(0.0831 Liter Bars/ Mole K)(273.16 C+22.10 C) = -4.907 Bars

o o
s =
(-1)(1.0M)(0.0831 Liter Bars/ Mole K)(273.16 C+22.10 C) = -24.537 Bars

o o
s =
(-1)(0.4M)(0.0831 Liter Bars/ Mole K)(273.16 C+22.10 C) = -9.814 Bars
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Water Potential of Solutes within Carrot Cores Calculations:

A. p = 0(-14.722 Bars) = -14.722 psi

B. p = 0+0.0 Bars Bars = 0.0 psi

C. p =
0+(-19.629 Bars) = -19.629 psi

D. p =
0+(-4.907 Bars) = -4.907 psi

E. p =
0+(-24.537 Bars) = -24.537 psi

F. p =
0+(-9.814 Bars) = -9.814 psi

Conclusion:

In the trial, there were 6 Carrots in 6 mysterious test tubes that contained different solute

concentrations of Sucrose. These Carrots were similar in mass and volume. With this, the Carrots

were placed into the test tube and would sit in the solution for approximately 24 hours. When the

data was collected before and after the test, the Carrots percentage changes in mass was used to

identify which of the samples fell under a certain solutions with varying molarities.

Acknowledging that the Carrot has changed in mass, volume, and rigidness over time, it could be

stated that the core of the Carrot where the solution was at 1.0M had a higher water potential

relative to the solution. When a high concentration of Sucrose in the solution was present, the

solution has a negative water potential since the sucrose binds with water molecules; thus

resulting in a lower concentration relative to the higher water concentrated interior of the Carrot.

Therefore, water would flow outwards from the Carrot and into the solution since water potential

tends to move from high to low water potential. In a solution where the molar concentration of

Sucrose was at 0.0M, the Carrot was at a state of equilibrium since the concentrations of water
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was equal relative to the solute and solution. This indicates that the Carrot would not

significantly change in mass and so the solution was isotonic. In addition, the Carrot where it had

most of its mass retained was firm and not flimsy like the other samples. A typical plant cell is

turgid which is a normal state for a plant cell. Given that, the samples that had lost the most mass

was flimsy and therefore it must have a Sucrose solution that is greater than 0.0M. With that in

mind, the sucrose concentrations can be identified by the changes in mass that the Carrot

undergoes.