Smoke, White Excessive

Injector sealing washer not correct (Remove injector and install the proper seal
ing washer )
Injectors worn or malfunctioning (Remove and test the injectors. Replace as nece
ssary )
Coolant is leaking into the combustion chamber (Refer to the Coolant Loss - Inte
rnal symptom tree )
Fuel injection pump is malfunctioning (Remove the fuel injection pump. Check the
calibration of the fuel injection pump )

152 Crankcase Gases (Blowby) Excessive

Air compressor is malfunctioning (Isolate the air compressor by disconnecting th
e air inlet and outlet lines. Check blowby. If blowby is within specifications,
rebuild or replace the air compressor )
Cylinder head valve guides are excessively worn(Check the valve guides for wear.
Replace the cylinder head if necessary. )
Pistons or piston rings are worn, damaged, or not correct(Check the pistons for
correct part numbers Check the pistons and rings for wear and damage. )
Turbocharger oil seal is leaking (Check the turbocharger compressor and turbine
seals. )

153 Fuel Knock

Starting aid is necessary for cold weather or starting aid is malfunctioning(Che
ck for the correct operation of the starting aid. )
Coolant temperature is above specification(Refer to the Coolant Temperature Abov
e Normal - Gradual Overheat symptom tree. )
Air in the fuel system(Bleed the fuel system and check for suction leaks.)
Poor fuel quality or wrong fuel grade(Verify by operating the engine from a temp
orary supply of number 2 diesel fuel. Check fuel specifications for proper fuel
grade.)
Engine under excessive load(Check for added loading from malfunctioning accessor
ies or other engine-driven units, brakes dragging, or other changes in vehicle l
oading. Disengage engine-driven units.)
Injectors worn or malfunctioning( Remove and test the injectors. Replace as nece
ssary.)
Fuel injection pump timing is not correct(Put the engine at top dead center. Che
ck and adjust the fuel timing. )

154 Engine Speed Surges at Low or High Idle

Fuel level is low in the tank(Fill the supply tank.)
Engine under excessive load(Check for added loading from malfunctioning accessor
ies or other engine-driven units, brakes dragging, or other changes in vehicle l
oading. Disengage engine-driven units. )
Throttle linkage misadjusted or damaged(Adjust or repair the linkage. Refer to t
he OEM service manual. )
Idle speed is set too low for accessories(Check and adjust the low-idle screw. )
Fuel leak(Check the fuel lines, fuel connections, fuel delivery valve seals, and
fuel filters for leaks. Check the fuel lines from the supply tank(s).)
Fuel filter or fuel inlet restriction(Check the flow through the fuel filter. Re
place the fuel filter if necessary. Clean all prefilters and screens. Check the
fuel suction line for restriction. )
Air in the fuel system(Bleed the fuel system and check for suction leaks.)Inject
ors worn or malfunctioning (Check the injectors and replace any malfunctioning i
njectors.)
Fuel injection pump is malfunctioning(Remove the fuel injection pump. Check the
calibration of the fuel injection pump.)
155 Engine Acceleration or Response Poor
Interview the operator to verify the complaint.
Operator technique is not correct(Explain correct engine operation to the operat
or.).
Fuel level is low in the tank(Fill the supply tank.).
Fuel inlet restriction(Check for fuel inlet restriction. ).
Fuel grade is not correct for the application or the fuel quality is poor(Operat
e the engine from a tank of high-quality fuel.).
Fuel inlet temperature to pump is above specification(Fill the fuel tank, turn o
ff or bypass the fuel heaters, and check the fuel cooler.).
Air intake system restriction(Check the air intake system for restriction.) ????
.
Drivetrain is not correctly matched to the engine(Check for correct gearing and
drivetrain components.) .

156 Engine Acceleration or Response Poor

Vessel is malfunctioning or parasitics are excessive(Check the vessel bottom, pr
opeller, transmission, and driven accessories. Refer to the manufacturer s instruc
tions. )
Clutch is malfunctioning or is not correct(Compare the drivetrain specifications
to Cummins recommendations. Check the clutch for correct operation. Refer to th
e OEM service manual. )
Vehicle parasitics are excessive( Check the vehicle brakes for dragging, transmi
ssion malfunction, cooling fan operation cycle time, and engine-driven units. Re
fer to the OEM service manual. )
Propeller damaged or not at the correct pitch(Inspect or replace propeller. Refe
r to the manufacturer s instructions. )
Fuel leak(Check the fuel lines, fuel connections, and fuel filters for leaks. Ch
eck the fuel lines to the supply tanks. Refer to the OEM service manual.)

157 Engine Acceleration or Response Poor

Fuel transfer pump is malfunctioning(Check the fuel lift pump for correct operat
ion. Check the pump output pressure. Replace the fuel lift pump if necessary.)
Fuel pump overflow valve is malfunctioning(Check the overflow valve.)
Air in the fuel system(Check for air in the fuel system. Vent air from the syste
m. )
Charge air cooler is restricted or leaking(Inspect the charge air cooler for air
restrictions or leaks.)
Aftercooler is restricted (Check the aftercooler for restriction.)
Air intake or exhaust leaks(Inspect the air intake and exhaust systems for air l
eaks.)

158 Engine Acceleration or Response Poor

Turbocharger is not correct(Check the turbocharger part number Replace the turbo
charger if necessary. )
Turbocharger wastegate is malfunctioning (Check the wastegate for correct operat
ion.)
Exhaust brake adjustment is not correct(Check the exhaust brake adjustment.)
Exhaust system restriction is not within specification(Check the exhaust system
for restrictions. )
Turbocharger wheel clearance is out of specification(Check the radial bearing cl
earance and axial clearance. Inspect the turbocharger. Repair or replace the tur
bocharger if necessary. )
Overhead adjustments are not correct(Measure and adjust the overhead settings.)
Injectors are not correct( Replace the injectors if necessary.)
Injector is malfunctioning(Inspect the injectors. Replace the injectors as neces
sary.)

159 Engine Acceleration or Response Poor

Fuel supply line restriction between the fuel pump and the injectors(Check the f
uel supply line from the fuel pump to the cylinder head for sharp bends that can
cause restrictions.)
Fuel injection pump timing is not correct(Put the engine at top dead center. Che
ck and adjust the fuel timing.)
Fuel injection pump is malfunctioning(Remove and test the fuel injection pump. R
eplace the pump if necessary.)
Internal engine damage(Analyze the oil and inspect the filters to locate an area
of probable damage. )

160 Engine Starts But Will Not Keep Running

Fuel level is low in the tank(Fill the supply tank. Refer to the OEM service man
ual. )
Engine under excessive load(Check for added loading from malfunctioning accessor
ies or other engine-driven units, brakes dragging, or other changes in vehicle l
oading. Disengage engine-driven units. )
Fuel shutoff valve malfunctioning(Inspect the fuel shutoff valve (FSOV) hold coi
l resistance and supply voltage.)
Idle speed is set too low for accessories(Check and adjust the low-idle screw. R
efer to the OEM service manual. )
Air in the fuel system(Bleed the fuel system and check for suction leaks.)
Fuel filter or fuel inlet restriction(Check the flow through the fuel filter. Re
place the fuel filter if necessary. Clean all prefilters and screens. Check the
fuel suction line for restriction.)