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1 Scope
1.1 This specification covers the minimum mandatory requirements for the
manufacture of pressure vessels (referred to hereinafter also as vessels).
The requirements are in addition to and supplement the requirements of the
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes.
1.2 Vessels under the scope of this specification are purchased on a stand-alone
basis or as an integral part of a skid-mounted packaged equipment unit.
Note: This is applicable irrespective of the party responsible for placing the relevant
purchase order (Saudi Aramco facility, LSTK contractor, sub-contractor, etc.).
1.4 Pressure vessels under scope of this specification, having partial or complete
cladding, shall also conform to 32-SAMSS-031 in addition to the requirements
of this specification.
1.5 Low alloy steels for vessels intended for services within the scope of
API RP 934-A, API RP 934-C or API RP 934-E, shall meet all requirements of
the respective document of the aforementioned documents and this specification.
1.6 1 Cr- Mo and 1 Cr- Mo steels used for vessels that are not in hydrogen
service with design temperature below 440C, shall meet all requirements of
API RP 934-C and this specification.
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Document Responsibility: Vessels Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-004
Issue Date: 20 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 20 February 2018 Manufacture of Pressure Vessels
1.8 A vessel that is an integral part of a skid-mounted packaged equipment unit shall
be designed and manufactured by a manufacturer of such unit per the relevant
SAP database.
2.1 Any conflicts between this Specification and other applicable Saudi Aramco
Materials System Specifications (SAMSSs), Standard Drawings (SASDs), or
industry standards, codes, and forms shall be in writing by the Company or
Buyer Representative through the Manager, Consulting Services Department of
Saudi Aramco, Dhahran.
2.2 Direct all requests to deviate from this specification in writing to the Company or
Buyer Representative, who shall follow internal company procedure SAEP-302
and forward such requests to the Manager, Consulting Services Department of
Saudi Aramco, Dhahran.
3 References
Materials or equipment supplied to this specification shall comply with the latest edition
of the references listed below, unless otherwise noted.
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Document Responsibility: Vessels Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-004
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Next Planned Update: 20 February 2018 Manufacture of Pressure Vessels
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Document Responsibility: Vessels Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-004
Issue Date: 20 February 2013
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Document Responsibility: Vessels Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-004
Issue Date: 20 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 20 February 2018 Manufacture of Pressure Vessels
4 Definitions
Cyclic Service: Services that require fatigue analysis according to screening criteria
per 5.5.2 of ASME SEC VIII D2. This applies to Division 1 and Division 2 of
ASME SEC VIII.
Design Engineer: The Engineering Company responsible for specifying on the data
sheet the mechanical design requirements for pressure vessels.
Design Thickness: Sum of thickness required to withstand all primary loads and an
allowance for corrosion.
High - Alloy Steels: Steels with a total alloying content more than 5%.
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Document Responsibility: Vessels Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-004
Issue Date: 20 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 20 February 2018 Manufacture of Pressure Vessels
Hot Forming: Forming operations carried out at an elevated temperature such that
re-crystallization occurs simultaneously with deformation.
Hydrogen Service: Process streams containing relatively pure hydrogen and process
streams containing hydrogen as a component with an absolute partial pressure of
350 kPa (50 psi) and higher.
Low - Alloy Steels: Steels with a total alloying content of less than 5% but more than
specified for carbon steels.
MDMT: Minimum design metal temperature determined by the Design Engineer and
specified in the data sheet.
Pressure Vessel and Vessel: As defined in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes.
SAP: Saudi Aramco corporate materials database that includes approved manufacturers.
Saudi Aramco Buyer: The person or company authorized by Saudi Aramco to procure
pressure vessels to the requirements of this specification.
Saudi Aramco Inspector: The person or company authorized by the Saudi Aramco
Inspection Department to inspect pressure vessels to the requirements of this
specification.
Skid-mounted packaged equipment unit: Self-contained units for process and utility
applications (e.g., air dryers, portable air compressors, filtering unit, nitrogen generation,
dehydration, etc.) fabricated and skid-mounted in one section. Such unit consists of
equipment (pressure vessels, compressors, pumps, storage tank, etc.), interconnecting
piping, electrical and/ or instrument components, and support structures.
Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) Environment: Process streams that introduce SSC
according to SAES-L-133.
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Document Responsibility: Vessels Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-004
Issue Date: 20 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 20 February 2018 Manufacture of Pressure Vessels
Unfired Steam Drums: As defined in ASME SEC VIII D1, paragraph U-1 (g) (2).
Vessel Manufacturer: The Company responsible for the manufacture of new pressure
vessels in accordance with this specification.
5 Responsibilities
5.1 The Vessel Manufacturer is responsible for the manufacture of pressure vessels,
which includes complete mechanical design, Code and structural calculations,
supply of all materials, fabrication, nondestructive examination, inspection,
testing, surface preparation, and preparation for shipment in accordance with the
completed data sheet and the requirements of this specification.
5.2 The vessel manufacturer shall neither prepare nor certify a Users Design
Specification.
6 Proposals
6.1 The Vessel Manufacturer's proposal shall be based on details for individual
vessels and the requirements of this specification.
6.2 The Vessel Manufacturer may offer an alternative design, but must quote on the
base inquiry documents.
6.3 The proposal shall include a detailed description of any exception to the
requirements of this specification.
7 Mechanical Design
7.1 General
7.1.1 All pressure vessels shall be designed in accordance with the rules of
the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes, ASME SEC VIII D1 or
ASME SEC VIII D2 (herein referred to as the Codes), and the
requirements of this specification.
7.1.2 The ASME SEC VIII D1 or ASME SEC VIII D2, to which a vessel is
to be manufactured, shall be in accordance with the data sheet.
7.1.3 Stress analyses according to the Code rules shall be executed by the
manufacturer. A third party under full control and responsibility of the
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Document Responsibility: Vessels Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-004
Issue Date: 20 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 20 February 2018 Manufacture of Pressure Vessels
The value of design pressure(s) shall be in accordance with the data sheet.
Commentary Note:
Design pressure is the maximum difference in pressure between the inside and
the outside of a vessel, or between the chambers of a combination unit. The term
internal design pressure is used when the internal pressure is greater than the
external pressure. However, the term external design pressure is used when
the internal pressure is less than the external pressure.
7.2.1 Unless otherwise specified on the data sheet the design pressure will be
assumed to be at the top of the vessel in the operating position.
7.2.2 Design pressure(s) acting at the bottom of vessels shall take into
account pressure heads, both static and dynamic, due to the maximum
liquid levels.
7.2.5 Requirements for the design of packing bed supports for vessels that
contain packing shall be as specified on the data sheet.
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Document Responsibility: Vessels Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-004
Issue Date: 20 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 20 February 2018 Manufacture of Pressure Vessels
7.4.2 Where there are differences in the design temperatures for different
zones in a vessel, the extremities of these zones will be shown on the
data sheet.
7.7.2 A joint efficiency of 85% or higher shall be specified for the design of
all pressure containing components of ASME SEC VIII D1 pressure
vessels.
7.8.2 The corrosion allowances required for tray assemblies, except for
attachments welded to pressure boundary components and intended to
support internals, e.g., tray support rings, brackets, etc., shall be in
accordance with the requirements of 32-SAMSS-020.
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Document Responsibility: Vessels Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-004
Issue Date: 20 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 20 February 2018 Manufacture of Pressure Vessels
7.9.1 Nominal thickness of shells and heads shall not be less than the
following:
a) Carbon steels, 6 mm.
b) Low chrome alloy steels, 5 mm.
7.9.2 Maximum thickness for plates used for construction of vessels under the
scope of API RP 934-A and API RP 934-C shall be limited to 6 inches
(150 mm). For vessels requiring thickness higher than 6, forged ring
construction shall be used.
7.10.3 ASME dished flat head (with knuckle) and ASME torispherical head
shall not be used for other than air and water services with a design
pressure of 690 kPa (100 psi).
a) Layout of head.
b) Nondestructive examination.
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Document Responsibility: Vessels Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-004
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Next Planned Update: 20 February 2018 Manufacture of Pressure Vessels
7.10.8 Shell-to-internal head joint shall be only any of the following details:
a) Forged junction ring according to ASME SEC VIII D2,
Table 4.2.5 - Detail 7.
b) Weld build-up construction connecting shell to internal head.
This is not applicable to vessels in cyclic service.
7.11 Loads
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etc.).
b) Weight of vessel contents under operating and testing conditions.
c) Weight of refractory linings, insulation.
d) Weight of attached equipment such as motors machinery, valves,
other vessels, and piping.
Dynamic loads, as specified in the data sheet, are loads caused by the
action of vibratory equipment (e.g., agitators), liquid sloshing, sub-
liquid surface jets, etc.
7.12.2 Anchor bolts shall be designed for load combinations, based on the
allowable stress design method (Service Loads) in accordance with
SAES-M-001.
7.12.3 All pressure vessel components whether shop or field fabricated shall
be designed to withstand a full hydrostatic test in the erected position.
7.12.4 Combined stresses due to full hydrostatic test and the greater of wind
and earthquake loads shall be within the allowable limits per
ASME SEC VIII D2, paragraph 4.1.6.2, based on the lowest Specified
Minimum Yield Strength (SMYS) of the materials of construction at
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Document Responsibility: Vessels Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-004
Issue Date: 20 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 20 February 2018 Manufacture of Pressure Vessels
7.13.1 Where applicable, the requirements for thermal stress and fatigue stress
analyses shall be as specified in the data sheet. Analysis methods and
stress combination limits presented in Division 2, Section 5, shall be
used for vessels under scope of Division 1 and Division 2. However,
allowable stresses shall be taken from the respective tables of
ASME SEC II for each division for the corresponding material and
temperature.
7.13.2 The Design Engineer is responsible for specifying the heat transfer
coefficients to be used for all thermal stress analysis.
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Document Responsibility: Vessels Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-004
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- Support-to-vessel
- Nozzle-to-shell, considering external piping loads
- Tray supports to vessel wall
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Document Responsibility: Vessels Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-004
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Next Planned Update: 20 February 2018 Manufacture of Pressure Vessels
8.1 General
8.1.2 Unless otherwise specified on the data sheet, the minimum projections
for nozzles and manway necks, as measured from the outside surface
of the shell or head to the face of a flange, shall meet the following
requirements:
a) 6 inches for NPS 6 nozzles and smaller.
b) 8 inches for NPS 8 nozzles and larger and manways necks.
c) For insulated vessels, projection shall be sufficient to allow
bolting of studs without interference with the insulation.
d) For vessel drain connections and other connections, where a
process stream is likely to be stagnant, the projection shall not
exceed three times the connection nominal diameter.
8.1.3 Permissible types of flanges for nozzles and manways are according to
the following:
a) Forged steel long welding neck flange.
b) Forged steel welding neck flange. Such type of flange is welded to
seamless pipe, rolled plate with 100% radiography or an integrally
reinforced contour shaped forged nozzle or manway. The bore of
flange shall match the bore of nozzle and manway, as applicable.
c) Studded nozzles and proprietary designs may be offered as
alternatives provided their design is in accordance with the
applicable Code and approved by the Saudi Aramco Engineer.
d) Slip-on type flange with seamless pipe nozzle necks or rolled
plate with 100% radiography is permissible for vessels, which are
integral parts of skid-mounted packaged equipment units, in only
non-cyclic air and water services with design temperature and
design pressure not exceeding 121C (250F) and 1.7 MPA
(245 psi), respectively. Slip-on flange shall be welded on the
front or face and at the back of the hub per ASME SEC VIII D1,
Figure UW-21, detail (1), (2) or (3).
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Document Responsibility: Vessels Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-004
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Next Planned Update: 20 February 2018 Manufacture of Pressure Vessels
8.1.7 1 NPS and smaller drains and instrument connections can be used
and shall be attached to a blind flange on a flanged nozzle or manway
in other than the following design conditions and services:
a) Lethal service
b) Hydrogen service
c) Caustic service
d) Cyclic service
e) Pressure-retaining parts thicker than 50mm
f) Unfired steam boilers with design pressure exceeding 50 psi.
8.1.8 Vessels in services other than air and water shall be provided with a
minimum 2-inch NPS flanged steam-out connection.
8.1.10 The Vessel Manufacturer shall design nozzles that are required for the
supporting of mechanical mixers and shall include the additional loads
and dimensional tolerances as specified on the data sheet.
8.1.13 Design of flanged connections with stud bolts of diameter 1 inch and
above shall be such as to provide clearance to permit use of a stud and
bolt-tensioning device.
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Document Responsibility: Vessels Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-004
Issue Date: 20 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 20 February 2018 Manufacture of Pressure Vessels
8.2.2 The thickness of reinforcing pads shall not exceed the shell or head
thickness of a vessel.
8.3.1 The ASME pressure classes and facings shall be as specified on the
data sheet.
8.3.3 Pressure ratings for standard flanges shall be in accordance with the
following:
a) ASME B16.5 for flanges NPS 24 and smaller.
b) ASME B16.47, Series A for flanges larger than NPS 24.
8.3.5 Machined surfaces other than gasket contact faces shall not exceed
500 AARH.
8.4 Manways
8.4.1 The number, nominal inside diameter and locations of manways shall
be as specified in the data sheet.
8.4.2 All manways shall be circular. The manway covers shall be hinged or
provided with handling davits as specified on the data sheet, according
to PIP VEFV1100.
8.5.1 All nozzles and manway necks shall be attached by welding completely
through the total thickness of the vessel shell, head or nozzle wall,
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Document Responsibility: Vessels Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-004
Issue Date: 20 February 2013
Next Planned Update: 20 February 2018 Manufacture of Pressure Vessels
Note 1: Alternatively, detail per Figure UW-16.1 (g) may be used for Division 1 vessels provided that design conditions/ services per a, b
and/or c of group I are not applicable.
9 Internals
9.1 All fixed and removable internals, including trays, packing, distributors, screens,
etc. shall be specified on the data sheet.
9.2 Tray rings and tray supports that are welded to vessels shall be designed by the
tray manufacturer and supplied and installed by the Vessel Manufacturer in
accordance with the requirements of 32-SAMSS-020.
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Document Responsibility: Vessels Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-004
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Next Planned Update: 20 February 2018 Manufacture of Pressure Vessels
9.3 The Vessel Manufacture shall design, supply and install all other internals,
except for trays, as specified on the data sheet.
9.4 All removable internals are to be designed so that they may be passed through
tray and vessel manways.
9.5 Internal ladder rungs shall be provided by the Vessel Manufacturer according to
PIP document VEFV1100.
10 Vessel Support
10.1 General
10.1.5 The material of anchor bolts shall be in accordance with this specification.
10.1.6 Base plates shall be designed by the Vessel Manufacturer for all
loading conditions in accordance with this specification.
10.1.7 The allowable concrete bearing stress to be used for the design of base
plates shall be 8300 kPa.
10.2.1 The data sheet shall specify the type, location and overall dimensions
required for the design of supports for vertical vessels.
10.2.2 The Vessel Manufacturer shall design all supports required, including
skirts, legs, lugs, base plates, number of anchor bolts in accordance
with the data sheet.
10.2.4 The mean corroded diameter of the shell and the mean diameter of the
skirt shall coincide [rounded off to the nearest 3 mm], and shall be
symmetrical about the vessel centerline. Exceeding this offset limit
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Document Responsibility: Vessels Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-004
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10.2.5 Hotbox design when specified for skirt-supported vessels with design
temperatures greater than 260C (500F) shall be in accordance with
PIP VEFV1100 and dimensions that meet the intent of reducing the
thermal gradient at the skirt-to-vessel junction.
10.2.6 One minimum 500 mm diameter skirt access opening shall be provided
for vessels with diameters equal to and larger than 1200 mm.
For vessels with diameters less than 1200 mm, skirt access opening
diameter shall be minimum one half of the vessel diameter.
Skirt access opening diameters smaller than the above specified shall
require prior approval of the Saudi Aramco Engineer. It is the vessel
manufacturer's responsibility to determine the need for reinforcing the
opening, according to the applicable Code.
10.2.9 Skirt-to-vessel juncture details for vessels with design thickness greater
than 50 mm and vessels in cyclic, hydrogen or lethal services shall be
only any of the following details:
a) Forged junction ring: according to ASME SEC VIII D2,
Figure 4.2.4(e).
b) Weld build-up construction (connecting skirt to head): according
to ASME SEC VIII D2, Figure 4.2.4(b). (Exception: This type of
construction is not applicable to vessels in cyclic service and vessels
under scope of API RP 934-A, API RP 934-C and API RP 934-E.)
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Document Responsibility: Vessels Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-004
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i) ASME SEC VIII D2, Figure 4.2.4, details (a) and (c).
10.2.12 Forged skirt-to-shell junction ring similar to ASME SEC VIII D2,
Table 4.2.5 - Detail 7 and junctions per ASME SEC VIII D2,
Figure 4.2.4, details (a), (b), (c) and (f) shall meet the following
weld spacing requirements:
1. Adjacent edges of the head-to-shell and skirt-to-head welds shall
not be closer than the head thickness or 1 inch, whichever is greater.
2. Adjacent edges of the skirt-to-shell weld and any category-B weld
joint shall not be closer than the shell thickness or 1 inch, whichever
is greater.
10.3.1 Two saddles with anchor bolts shall be used to support horizontal
pressure vessels. The vessel shall be fixed at one saddle support and
free to slide at the other saddle. Saddle base plates shall be in full
direct contact with the foundation.
10.3.2 The data sheet shall specify locations of the fixed and sliding saddles
and dimension from vessel centerline to underside of saddle base plate.
10.3.5 The anchor bolt holes on the sliding-end saddle shall be slotted to
facilitate thermal expansion/ contraction along the longitudinal axis of
the vessel.
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Document Responsibility: Vessels Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-004
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Next Planned Update: 20 February 2018 Manufacture of Pressure Vessels
10.4.1 The Vessel Manufacturer shall determine the size and number of
anchor bolts required.
10.4.3 Anchor bolts shall not be less than 19 mm minimum nominal diameter.
10.4.4 Design of anchor bolts shall be based on the following allowable stresses:
a) 0.264 of Ultimate Tensile Strength (tension).
b) 0.176 of Ultimate Tensile Strength (shear).
10.4.5 Vessels supported on skirts, lugs or legs shall be provided with an even
number of anchor bolts with a minimum of four anchor bolts.
11.1 General
The Vessel Manufacturer shall supply and install all clips and attachments as
specified on the data sheet.
11.2.1 Support for insulation system shall be according to the data sheet.
11.2.2 The Vessel Manufacturer shall supply and install supports required for
insulation.
11.2.3 The bottom heads of vertical vessels that are externally insulated shall
be provided with 12 mm blank nuts. Blank nuts shall be welded on
edge and located on 300 mm square centers.
11.3.1 Anchoring system of refractory lining shall be according to the data sheet.
11.3.2 The Vessel Manufacturer shall supply and install anchoring system
required for refractory.
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Document Responsibility: Vessels Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-004
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Next Planned Update: 20 February 2018 Manufacture of Pressure Vessels
11.4.1 Support for fireproofing system shall be according to the data sheet.
11.4.2 The Vessel Manufacturer shall supply and install supports required for
fireproofing materials.
11.4.3 Vertical vessels, which are not externally insulated, shall be provided
with a 5 mm thick steel weather cap on the skirt to provide a flashing
for fireproofing.
All pressure vessels shall be provided with a grounding lug connection welded
to the vessel support in accordance with PIP VEFV1100.
11.6.1 A davit for the lifting of equipment shall be supplied when specified on
the data sheet.
Reinforcing pads for all internal and external welded attachments shall be sized
to meet requirements of paragraph 7.11.4 of this specification. Pads shall be a
minimum of 10 mm (") thick, but shall not exceed the shell thickness; with all
of their corners rounded to a minimum radius of 50 mm. Distance from any
edge of the attachment to the closest edge of the reinforcing pad shall not be less
than 50 mm.
11.8 Catalyst bed supports for vessels under the scope of API RP 934-A,
API RP 934-C and API RP 934-E shall be made either by an integral forging or
by weld metal build-up on base metal. Catalyst support structures attached
directly to stainless steel weld overlay is not allowed.
12 Materials
12.1 General
12.1.1 All carbon, low alloy and high alloy steels required for pressure and
non-pressure components shall be as specified on the data sheet.
12.1.2 Prior approval by the Saudi Aramco Engineer is required for use of
alternative materials of construction for carbon and low alloy steels
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Document Responsibility: Vessels Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-004
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12.1.3 Material specifications and tests procedures for base metal and
weldments materials for 1 Cr- Mo, 1 Cr- Mo, 2 Cr-1 Mo,
2 Cr-1 Mo- V, 3 Cr-1 Mo and 3 Cr-1 Mo- V shall be submitted
to Saudi Aramco Engineer for review and approval prior to ordering
the materials from the mill.
12.1.4 All materials must be clearly identified and provided with legible
original or certified true copies of Mill Test Certificates. Lack of
adequate identification and certification shall be cause for rejection.
12.1.6 Use of high alloy steels, including austenitic stainless steels, shall be
on a case-by-case basis, with prior approval of the Saudi Aramco
Engineer as defined in this specification. Material selection shall be
based on the design temperature, minimum design metal temperature
and intended service.
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Document Responsibility: Vessels Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-004
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12.1.12 Specimens for material testing shall be taken per the following:
a) Plates
Specimens shall be taken from each plate transverse to the rolling
direction in accordance with SA-20 at the standard test locations
and at a depth of T (T = maximum heat-treated thickness)
location. If required, T specimens should be used for hot
tensile and step cooling tests.
b) Plate-like forgings (forged rings, tubesheets, blind flanges, etc.)
Specimens shall be taken from each heat transverse to the major
working direction in accordance with the material specification,
and at a depth of T of a prolongation or of a representative
separate test , as defined in API RP 934-A.
c) Standard flanges according to ASME B16.5 and B16.47.
1. For flanges with T equal to or less than 50 mm, specimens
shall be removed in accordance with the material specification.
2. For flanges with T greater than 50 mm, specimens shall be
removed in accordance with the material specification from a
production forging or a representative separate test block that
are machined to essentially the finished product configuration
prior to heat treatment. The center axis of the specimen shall
be at a depth of T and the mid-length of the test specimen
shall be at a depth at least equal to T from any second heat-
treated surface.
d) Other forgings that are contour shaped or machined to essentially
the finished product configuration prior to heat treatment, test
specimens shall be removed in accordance with the material
specification from a production forging or a representative
separate test block. (Exception: Test specimens for 2 Cr-1 Mo,
2 Cr-1 Mo- V, 3 Cr-1 Mo and 3 Cr-1 Mo- V steels shall be
removed from only a production forging; samples shall not be taken
from a representative test blocks.)
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Document Responsibility: Vessels Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-004
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The center axis of the specimen for all materials taken shall be at
a depth of T and the mid-length of the test specimen shall be at
a depth at least equal to T from any second heat-treated surface.
e) Pipe
Specimens shall be taken from each heat and lot of pipe,
transverse to the major working direction in accordance with
used material specification except that test specimens should be
taken from a depth of T.
f) A separate test block, if used, should be made from the same heat
and should receive substantially the same reduction and type of
hot working as the production forgings that it represents.
It should be of the same nominal thickness as the production
forgings and shall be machined to essentially the finished product
configuration prior to heat treatment. The separate test forgings
should be heat-treated in the same furnace charge and under the
same conditions as the production forgings.
12.1.16 Low alloy steels shall not be mixed. For example, a vessel requiring
1 Cr- Mo materials shall have all components manufactured from
1 Cr- Mo. (Exception: Refer to paragraph 12.1.20 of this specification for
requirements for skirts.)
12.1.17 Low alloy steels shall be specified in the normalized and tempered
(N+T) or quenched and tempered (Q+T) conditions, based on the
required mechanical materials properties (strength, toughness, creep-
resistance, etc.) and considering thermal treatments specified in
paragraph 12.1.9 of this specification.
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Document Responsibility: Vessels Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-004
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12.1.18 Material for nameplate mounting brackets shall be of the same type
and material grade as the shell material.
12.1.19 SA-36 and SA-285 materials may be used only for pressure retaining
components of vessels in water and air services with plate thickness
not exceeding 19 mm.
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from 5 sides with the same welding procedures used to fabricate the
reactors. After weld overlay, test block shall be exposed to all thermal
treatments per paragraph 12.1.9(a) of this specification before
attaching it to a bottom structure of the reactor. Fabricator shall
provide the test block attachment drawing for Saudi Aramco approval.
12.1.26 One manual UT test block and one TOFD UT test block shall be
provided by the fabricator of hydrotreating or hydrocracking reactors
made of 2 Cr-1Mo, 2 Cr-1Mo- V, 3Cr-1Mo or 3Cr-1Mo- V
with shell thickness greater than 150 mm. Test blocks shall be made
from prolongation of a shell ring or a shell plate used for constructing
the reactor. Test blocks shall be prepared in such a way that they can
be used to meet all fabricators UT calibration procedures and that
inspection according to API RP 934A, Appendix A can be performed
on site in a later date, if deemed necessary.
Types and material specifications of gaskets shall be as specified on the data sheet.
12.4.3 Minimum acceptable Charpy impact energy values for all materials of
construction (base and weld metals) shall not be less than the highest
of the following applicable values:
1) 40/32 Joules for carbon steels thicker than 50 mm
2) As specified by ASME SEC VIII D2, but not less than 34/27 Joules
3) As specified by the licensors specification, but not less than
34/27 Joules
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Document Responsibility: Vessels Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-004
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12.4.4 For Div. 1 vessels the impact testing exemptions of UG-20 (f),
UCS-66 (b) (1) and (3), UCS-68(c), UG-84 (b) (2) and by reference to
Table UG-84.4 are not permitted. For Div. 2 vessels the exemptions of
3.11.2.3, 3.11.2.4, 3.11.2.5, 3.11.2.6, 3.11.2.8, 3.11.2.10, 3.11.3.1 and
3.11.4 are not permitted.
12.4.5 Impact testing is required, with no exception, for pressure vessels made
of low alloy steels.
12.4.6 Impact testing of materials and welding procedures are required when
test temperature is lower than -28C.
12.5 All forgings shall be forged as close as practicable to finished shape and size to
develop metal flow in a direction most favorable for resisting the stresses
encountered in service.
12.6 All flanges, fittings and piping for use as integral parts of pressure vessels shall
be purchased from Saudi Aramco approved manufacturers, either directly or
through approved stockists. Procurement of these items from stockists shall be
in accordance with SAEP-347.
12.7 Elevated temperature tensile tests shall be performed for 1 Cr- Mo, 1 Cr-
Mo, 2 Cr-1 Mo, 2 Cr-1 Mo- V, 3 Cr-1 Mo and 3 Cr-1 Mo- V steels
at the design temperature. Test specimens should be in the maximum PWHT
condition. Acceptance value is 90 % of values listed in ASME BPVC, Section
IID, Table - U for the test temperature.
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12.8.6 Step cooling tests of the base metal are required for 2 Cr-1 Mo,
2 Cr-1 Mo- V, 3 Cr-1 Mo and 3 Cr-1 Mo- V steels, unless
impact testing at -80 F (-62 C) results in 40 ft-lb (55 Joules) average
minimum and no single value below 35 ft-lb (48 Joules).
13 Fabrication
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Tolerance 1: Height from base line to face of top nozzle shall be the
smaller of 4 mm per 3000 mm of height or 19 mm.
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13.1.3 Dished heads shall achieve at least the minimum required thickness in
all areas after forming.
13.2.1 Tapered transitions shall be made only on the external surface of the
vessel, according to the rules of the applicable Code, in the following
conditions:
a) There will be an interference with the removal of a vessel's internals.
b) Vessels that have strict requirements regarding smooth internal
profiles for flow or cyclic loading conditions or internal volume
constraints.
13.2.2 The beveled edges of weld preparations for carbon steel plates with
thickness 25 mm and thicker and all ferrous alloy plates shall be
magnetic particle examined for linear discontinuities. Liquid Penetrant
examination shall be employed for non-ferrous steels. Defects shall not
exceed limits as per ASME SA-20.
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Commentary Notes:
13.2.7.1 - inch telltale vent holes drilled and tapped for -inch NPT
shall be provided in reinforcing pads for welded attachments,
including nozzles and manways, per the following:
1) One hole in single piece reinforcing pad.
2) Where a pad is split, each segment shall have at least
one hole.
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13.2.9 All internal and external attachments, including clips, welded directly
to pressure-retaining parts, shall be fully seal welded, except for blank
square nuts used for external insulation where tack welding is allowed.
13.2.10 No tack welding is permitted between heads and skirts on the inside of
skirts.
13.2.11 Vessels with large diameter and/ or overall length which fabrication
cannot be completely done in shop shall be designed to minimize the
amount of field welding, radiography and heat treatment.
Where adjacent sections are of such a size that shop fabrication and
field assembly is required, the sections shall be match marked to
ensure proper field fit up.
13.2.12 Forming
13.2.12.1 General
a) Cold forming for carbon steels shall be performed at
temperatures within the range of above 20C (68F)
and below 120C (248F).
b) Hot forming is any forming performed above the
austenite phase start temperature of 740C (1364F).
c) All tempering heat treatments for all carbon steels must
be at least 25C (45F) above the nominal PWHT
temperature as given in the applicable ASME code for
the respective material.
d) There are no restrictions for tempering temperature of
1 Cr- Mo, 1 Cr- Mo, 2 Cr-1 Mo, 2 Cr-1 Mo-
V, 3 Cr-1 Mo and 3 Cr-1 Mo- V steels, provided that
the requirements of paragraph 12.1.9 are met.
e) Forming and rolling of plates of 1 Cr- Mo, 1
Cr- Mo, 2 Cr-1 Mo, 2 Cr-1 Mo- V, 3 Cr-1 Mo
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Where:
ln is the natural logarithm
Db is the diameter of unformed blank plate or diameter of intermediate product
Df is the outside diameter of the finished product
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Rfd is the smallest mean radius of curvature of formed segment (mean radius of spherical
segment, mean knuckle radius of knuckle segment of multi sectional semi-ellipsoidal or
torispherical heads)
Rfc is the mean radius of curvature of finished product (mean radius of cylinder, mean
radius of the smaller diameter of cone)
Ro is the mean radius of initial product (flat plate) or the intermediate product (in case of
unformed initial product equals to infinity)
t is the nominal thickness of the plate before forming or intermediate product
Commentary Notes:
i) Cold spun heads with nominal thickness exceeding 50 mm shall be heat treated by normalizing,
normalizing and tempering or quenching and tempering, as required to maintain original material
properties), irrespective of the calculated fiber elongation strain.
ii) Need for heat treatment of all double curvature circular products (e.g., spherical crowns, semi-
ellipsoidal and torispherical heads) formed from one-piece or welded multi-piece blank, shall be
based on fiber elongation strain calculated using equation [1] of the above table.
iii) Separate calculation of extreme fiber elongation shall be made for each formed segment forming
multi-sectional heads (torispherical or ellipsoidal) or spheres (excluding spherical crown). Need
for heat treatment shall be determined for each segment individually using equation [2] of the
above table based on the greatest measured thickness and smallest radius of curvature after
forming.
iv) In case of different forming steps without intermediate heat treatment are employed, extreme
fiber elongation is the total amount of elongation of the individual forming steps. In case of
intermediate heat treatment, the deformation is that elongation achieved after the last previous
heat treatment. This is applicable for all types of formed part.
v) Filler metal used in items subjected to hot forming temperatures, or normalized, shall satisfy the
weld joint design requirements after such heat treatment. This is considering that such welds will
generally suffer significant strength reduction.
13.2.13 Bolt tensioning device shall be used for bolting up flanged connections
with stud bolts of diameter 1- inch and above. Bolt up of flanges,
irrespective of bolt diameter shall be according to ASME PCC-1
requirements.
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13.3 Welding
13.3.2 Dissimilar metal welds (DMW) are not permitted in sulfide stress
cracking environment as defined in this specification. Welds in clad
systems are acceptable if the DMW interface with the ferritic steel is
not in contact with the sour fluid.
13.3.5 Intermediate stress relief (ISR) shall performed on all highly restrained
joints in vessels under the scope of API RP 934-A, such as nozzle/
manway welds in shells or heads, internal beam support weld build ups
and for other joints which are highly stressed during fabrication
(e.g., grooves in RTJ). Dehydrogenation Heat Treatment (DHT) shall
not be used as an alternative to ISR for the aforementioned joints.
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13.3.8 Necessary logistic fabrication steps shall be taken to ensure that highly
restrained joints, such as nozzle/manway welds in shells or heads,
internal beam support weld build-ups and RTJ grooves, in vessels
constructed of 2 Cr-1 Mo- V and 3 Cr-1 Mo- V steels are welded
continuously throughout the welding process without any stop, i.e., from
start of the first welding pass to completion of welding the joint.
14 Nondestructive Examination
14.1 General
14.1.3 All required NDE for final acceptance of the vessel shall be performed
after the completion of all welding and repairs and prior to pressure
testing. In vessels requiring PWHT, all NDE for final acceptance shall
be performed after the final PWHT.
14.1.4 All pressure and non-pressure welds in vessels that are not required to
undergo PWHT shall be visually inspected where accessible.
All segments of longitudinal, circumferential or built-up head pressure
weld seams covered or rendered inaccessible by internals, lifting lugs
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14.2.4 100% radiography examination is required for the following weld joints:
a) Butt welds connecting skirt to forged junction ring, conforming
to ASME SEC VIII D2, Figure 4.2.4(e).
b) Butt welds connecting skirt to weld build-up construction at
vessel-to-skirt junction per paragraph 10.2.9 of this specification.
c) Butt welds connecting forged junction ring according to
ASME SEC VIII D2, Table 4.2.5 - Detail 7 to shell and head.
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14.3.2 All plates with thickness more than and including 50 mm (2.0 inches)
shall be ultrasonically examined by the Vessel Manufacturer in
accordance with ASTM SA578. Acceptance criteria shall be Level C
of SA-578.
14.3.3 Plates with thickness more than 12.5 mm (0.5 inch) and less than
50 mm (2.0 inches) shall be ultrasonically examined by the vessel
manufacturer in accordance with ASME SA-435. Any area where one
or more discontinuities produce a continuous total loss of back
reflection accompanied by continuous indications on the same plane
(within 5% of plate thickness) that cannot be encompassed within a
25 mm (1 inch) diameter circle is unacceptable.
14.3.4 100% Ultrasonic examination is required for the following weld joints:
a) Butt-welds in vessel supports.
b) Full-penetration welds in external attachments (supports,
brackets, lugs, etc.) to pressure retaining parts.
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14.4.2 Prods are not permitted for use on air-hardenable materials, materials
that require impact testing, and on the fluid side of pressured
components for vessels in wet sour service.
14.4.4 All edges prepared for welding and all openings in Ferro magnetic
vessels shall be 100% magnetic particle examined in accordance with
the applicable Code.
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14.5.2 All edges prepared for welding and all openings in non-Ferro magnetic
vessels shall be 100% liquid penetrant examined in accordance with
the applicable Code.
1. Nozzle or manway without a reinforcing RT of butt weld in vessel for a length equal
pad installed onto a butt weld in vessel to three times the diameter of the opening Same as when PWHT is required.
wall with the center of the opening at mid-length.
RT of butt weld in vessel for a length equal
2. Nozzle or manway with a reinforcing N/A to three times the diameter of the opening
pad installed onto a butt weld in vessel with the center of the opening at mid-length.
wall (See paragraph 8.5.2 of this specification) The butt weld shall be ground flush prior to
installation of the pad.
3. Nozzle or manway, without a RT of butt weld in vessel for a length equal
reinforcing pad, encroaching on a butt to three times the diameter of the opening Same as when PWHT is required.
weld in vessel wall with the center of the opening at mid-length.
4. Reinforced nozzle or manway with the N/A RT of butt weld in vessel for a length equal
reinforcing pad encroaching on the butt to three times the diameter of the opening
weld in vessel wall (See paragraph 8.5.2 of this specification) with the center of the opening at mid-length.
RT of butt weld in vessel for a length equal
5. Reinforced nozzle or manway with N/A to three times the diameter of the opening
penetration encroaching the butt weld with the center of the opening at mid-length.
and the reinforcing pad covering it (See paragraph 8.5.2 of this specification) The butt weld shall be ground flush prior to
installation of the pad.
RT of butt weld in vessel for a length equal
6. Structural attachment, without a to the projection of the attachment weld plus
reinforcing pad, encroaching on a butt a minimum of 50 mm on either side. Same as when PWHT is required.
weld in vessel wall Minimum length of the radiographed weld is
12 inches.
RT of butt weld in vessel for a length equal
7. Reinforced structural attachment, with to the projection of the reinforcing pad
the reinforcing pad encroaching on a attachment weld plus a minimum of 50 mm Same as when PWHT is required.
butt weld in vessel wall on either side. Minimum length of the
radiographed weld is 12 inches.
RT of butt weld in vessel for a length equal
8. Structural attachment, without a N/A to the projection of the reinforcing pad
reinforcing pad, covering a butt weld in (See prohibition in paragraph 13.2.6.3 of this attachment weld plus a minimum of 50 mm
vessel wall specification) on either side. Minimum length of the
radiographed weld is 12 inches.
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Note 1: NDE for final acceptance of the vessel shall be performed after the final PWHT per paragraph 14.1.3 of this specification.
15.1 Postweld heat treatment shall be done when required by the applicable Code or
when specified on the data sheet.
15.2 Code exemptions for postweld heat treatment of ferritic materials based on the
use of austenitic or nickel-based electrodes are not permitted for vessels in
sulfide stress cracking environments as defined in this specification.
15.3 Code exemptions for postweld heat treatment of P4 and P5 materials are not
permitted for applications involving either wet sour or hydrogen services or for
materials exceeding 1.25% nominal chromium content.
15.4 The maximum postweld heat treating soaking temperature for quenched and
tempered carbon steel materials shall not exceed the temperature at which the
test pieces were heat treated, as shown on the Mill Test Reports or 650C
maximum for carbon steel and 700C for low chrome alloy steels.
15.5 Time and temperature of post weld heat treatment for carbon steel vessel with
potential environmental cracking shall be in accordance with requirements of
API RP582.
15.6 Final postweld heat treatment shall follow all welding and repairs but shall be
performed prior to any hydrotest or other load test.
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15.7 A sign shall be painted on a postweld heat treated vessel and located such that it
is clearly visible from grade reading:
15.9 Full circumferential localized PWHT is permitted, with prior approval of the
Saudi Aramco Engineer as defined in this specification, for closure weld seams
where PWHT of a vessel in full length exceeding 30 meters is not possible due
to furnace size limitation. Such localized PWHT shall conform to the
requirements of ASME SEC VIII, SAES-W-010 and WRC 452.
16.1 Examination
16.1.1 The responsibility for examination rests with the Vessel Manufacturer
in accordance with the applicable Code and the requirements of this
specification.
16.1.2 Additional examination of any weld joint at any stage of the fabrication
may be requested by the Saudi Aramco Inspector, including repeating
examination of previously examined joints. The Saudi Aramco
Inspector also has the right to request or conduct independent
Nondestructive Examination of any joint. If such examination should
disclose nonconformance to the requirements of the applicable Code or
this specification, all repair and Nondestructive examination costs shall
be done at the Vessel Manufacturer's expense.
16.1.3 All necessary safety precautions shall be taken for each examination
method.
16.1.5 Examination of all welds shall include a band of base metal at least one
inch wide on each side of the weld.
16.2 Inspection
16.2.1 The Saudi Aramco Inspector shall have free access to the work at all
times.
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16.2.2 Saudi Aramco shall have the right to inspect the fabrication at any
stage and to reject material or workmanship, which does not conform
to the specified requirements.
16.2.4 Saudi Aramco may reject the use of any materials, equipment, or tools
that do not conform to the specification requirements, jeopardize safety
of personnel, or impose hazard or damage to Saudi Aramco property.
16.2.5 All of the rights of Saudi Aramco and their designated representatives
for access, documentation, inspection, and rejection shall include any
work done by sub-contractors or sub-vendors.
16.2.6 The Vessel Manufacturer shall provide the Saudi Aramco Inspector all
reasonable facilities to satisfy him that the work is being performed as
specified.
16.2.7 The fabricator shall furnish, install, and maintain in a safe operating
condition all necessary scaffolding, ladders, walkways, and lighting for
a safe and thorough inspection.
16.2.9 Prior to final inspection and pressure testing, the inside and outside of
the vessel shall be thoroughly cleaned of all slag, scale, dirt, grit, weld
spatter, paint, oil, etc.
16.2.10 Inspection at the mill, shop, or fabrication yard shall not release the
Vessel Manufacturer from responsibility for repairing or replacing any
defective material or workmanship that may be subsequently
discovered in the field.
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16.3.3 Hydrostatic test pressure shall be held for a minimum of one hour per
25 mm of vessel thickness and in no case less than one hour.
16.3.4 Pressure testing for acceptance of the vessel shall not be made prior to
the final postweld heat treatment.
16.3.6 Telltale holes in external attachments must not be plugged during the
vessel pressure test. Telltale holes in internal attachments must be seal
welded prior to pressure testing of the vessel.
16.3.7 The use of shellacs, glues, lead, etc., on gaskets during testing is
prohibited. No paint or primer shall be applied to a vessel prior to
hydrostatic testing.
16.3.8 The Vessel Manufacturer shall furnish all test materials and facilities,
including blinds, bolting, and gaskets.
16.3.9 Hydrostatic pressure testing shall be performed with gaskets and bolting
identical to those required in service and as specified on the data sheet.
These gaskets may be used as service gaskets if the bolted joint is not
disassembled after completion of hydrostatic pressure testing.
16.3.11 Test pressure measured at the top of the vessel shall be:
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16.3.12 Water used for pressure testing shall be potable. For vessels
manufactured from stainless steel, the water shall not contain more
than 50 ppm chlorides with pH value not exceeding 7 at the time of
filling the vessel.
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d) The test pressure shall not be applied until the vessel and the test
fluid are at about the same temperature.
16.3.14 Vertical vessels that are pressure tested in the horizontal position shall
be adequately supported such that the primary stresses in any part of
the vessel do not exceed 90% of the minimum specified yield strength
of the vessel material.
16.3.16 Vessels shall be protected from being over pressured, while being
pressure tested, by use of pressure test relief valve(s) meeting the
following:
a) Relief valves shall be of adequate capacity set to relieve at 10%
above the test pressure, provided requirements of paragraph 7.12.3
are met.
b) Sizing of relief valve(s) shall be according to API RP520, Part I.
c) The relief valve(s) shall be tested, dated, and tagged within one
week prior to the pressure test.
d) The pressure test relief valve shall be accompanied with a
calibration certificate that includes the cold differential test
pressure (CDTP), test date and the spring range. The CDTP shall
be within the spring range.
16.4.1 The Saudi Aramco Engineer must review and approve crack repair
procedures, required by the applicable Code, prior to commencement
of repairs. It is the responsibility of the manufacturer to ensure that
repairs done by the mill of any material defects, per the applicable
Code, are documented.
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17.1 Each vessel shall be identified by a nameplate and marked with the information
required by the applicable Code and the requirements of this specification.
17.2 Vessels manufactured inside and outside Saudi Arabia shall be Code stamped
for all services in accordance with the applicable Code.
17.3 Nameplates and nameplate mounting brackets shall be located such that they
will not be covered by insulation and are easily readable from grade or a
platform. Brackets shall extend from the outside of vessel to clear insulation,
and with sufficient access for surface preparation, and painting. The nameplate
markings as required by the applicable Code shall be stamped or engraved such
that the nameplate material is permanently deformed with the symbols.
17.4 Nameplates shall be 3-mm minimum thickness and manufactured from type
304 stainless steel or Monel and continuously welded to the mounting bracket
according to PIP VEFV1100.
17.5 The mounting bracket shall be continuously seal-welded and positioned such as
not to allow for collection of moisture or rain.
17.6 Nameplate for internally coated vessels shall show: the Saudi Aramco Painting
System Numbers, type of coating, brand name, and date of application.
18.1 Type of coating and painting systems shall be as specified on the Vessel Data
Sheet.
18.2 Surfaces to be coated shall be cleaned and prepared prior to its coating in
accordance with SAES-H-100.
18.3 Gasket contact surfaces shall be properly protected from blasting and shall not
be coated or painted.
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19 Shipping Requirements
19.1 General
19.1.3 The Vessel Manufacturer is responsible for ensuring that the vessels
and internals being shipped are adequately braced and shall provide
temporary supports where appropriate to ensure adequate supporting of
the vessel during shipment.
19.2.1 Thoroughly dry the internal surface of the vessel. Remove all free
water. Thoroughly purge vessel with dry air so that relative humidity
inside vessel is less than 40% at the lowest ambient temperature likely
to be experienced in shipping and storage.
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19.2.2.6 Vessels must be sealed vapor tight using metallic covers, for
inhibitors to be effective.
19.2.3 For vessels made completely of stainless steels and vessels internally
cladded or weld-overlaid with these materials, in addition vapor phase
corrosion inhibitors applied per 19.2.2, nitrogen blanketing shall be
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19.2.4 For vessels that have permanent internal coatings covering some or all
of the vessel internals, the Vessel Manufacturer shall contact the
Supervisor, Corrosion Technology Unit, Materials Engineering and
Corrosion Control Division, CSD, and obtain prior written agreement
on required preservation techniques.
19.2.6 Other preservation products or methods may be applied with the prior
written approval of the Supervisor, Corrosion Technology Unit,
Materials Engineering and Corrosion Control Division, CSD.
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19.3.2 Telltale holes in reinforcing pads shall be protected with wooden plugs
or packed with rust preventative grease.
19.3.3 Flanged connections and all other machined surfaces shall be protected
by a coating suitable for the metallurgy of the vessel and can be easily
removed in the field. Connections shall be fitted with steel or wood
cover, 3 mm thick and neoprene gaskets.
19.3.5 Flanges with permanent blind flanges or covers shall be secured with
the gaskets and bolting specified for service.
20.1 The Vessel Manufacturer shall Prepare drawings, calculations, and data in
accordance with NMR-7919-1, Nonmaterial Requirements. Calculations shall
include, but not limited to:
a. ASME Code Section VIII calculations.
b. Wind and earthquake calculations, as applicable.
c. Support calculations.
d. Calculations associated with lifting and erecting the vessel
e. Nozzle load analysis for local and gross effect, when required.
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20.2 Drawings and calculations that are approved by the Design Engineer shall not
relieve the Vessel Manufacturer from the responsibility to comply with the
Codes, and this specification.
20.3 Vessel manufacturer shall prepare drawings, which indicate the ultrasonic
thickness of the vessel shell section, heads and nozzles. An adequate number of
readings shall be taken to represent the actual thickness of the components.
20.4 All approved data sheets, drawings and forms are to be submitted to
EK&RD/Drawing Management Unit (DMU) for inclusion into Corporate
Drawings Management System.
Revision Summary
20 February 2013 Major revision.
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