Saveetha School of Engineering

Saveetha University
Chennai 602 105
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Academic Year 2014- 2015 / Even Semester

QUESTION BANK

Sub. Code: CD5803 Name: Computer Applications in Design

Year: IV Year /ME Integrated (CAD ) Semester: VIII

Part A Part B
Unit I 15 6
Unit II 15 6
Unit III 15 6
Unit IV 14 6
Unit V 10 5
Total 69 29
UNIT-1

Part-A

1. What is CAD/CAM?
CAD/CAM has been utilized in engineering practice in many ways including drafting,
design, simulation, analysis and manufacturing.CAD/CAM systems are daily used in
engineering tasks.
2. What is basic difference between manufacturing and production?
Production is act of producing, making or creating something whereas manufacturing is
process of transforming raw materials into finished products usually in large scale.
3. Define CAD/CAM Tools.

4. What are all the situations when CAD/CAM implementation will be successful?

5. What are the practical applications of B-Spline curve?

6. What are the practical applications of Bezier Curve?
7. Distinguish between analytic curve and synthetic curve?
The analytic curves that are most widely utilized in geometric modeling enable users to
fully realize the input parameters they deals. The synthetic curves represent the problem
of constructing a smooth curve that passes through given data points.

8. How do you do trimming for a curve.

 Trimming can truncate or extend a curve and the only difference between the two is that
the result of trimming a curve is only one segment of a curve bounded by trimming
boundaries.
9. Where is Hermite cubic spline curve used?
10. What is the use of CSG?
Constructive solid geometry is based on the topological notion that a physical object can
be divided into set of primitives that can be combined in a certain order of following set
of rules to form the object.
11. What are the two main types of CSG scheme?
12. What is a 2D and 3D transformation?
13. Distinguish between Translation and Scaling.
Translating a model means that all of its points move on equal distance in a given
direction and it is specified by a vector that denotes the initial and final positions of the
model to be translated. Scaling is used to change , increase or decrease the size of an
entity or a model.

14. What is Translational Mapping?

When the axes of the two coordinate systems are parallel, the mapping is defined to be
translational. The origins of the XYZ and the X*Y*Z systems are different but their
orientations in space are the same.
15. What is Rotational Mapping?
In Rotational mapping , the two systems share the same origin, and their orientations are
different by the angle .

Part B
1. Draw a Diagram showing product cycle with implementation of CAD/CAM technology
and briefly explain the roles involved.
2. What is meant by Wire frame Models? Explain the various methods by which a Point and
Line can be defined.
3. Explain the methods of defining the Following
a) Arcs and Circles
b) Ellipses and Parabolas.
4. State the characteristics of a Bezier curve based on the properties of Bernstein
polynomials and draw the cubic Bezier curve for various control points.
5. Explain the Characteristics of B-Spline curves that are useful in design.
6. Explain the various curve manipulations with necessary mathematical equations.
 UNIT 2
Part A
1. List few CAD software that is commercially available.
The Cad software that is commercially available are CATIA , SOLIDWORKS , ProE ,
AutoCAD etc.
2. State the users of CAD Software.
3. What is meant by CAD software?
A CAD software is a package which is used in engineering field for drafting , designing ,
simulating etc.
4. List few needs for graphic standards that to be acknowledged by CAD/CAM
community.
5. What is meant by VDM?

6. What is meant by PHIGS?

7. Define Data Structure.
8. Define Database.
9. Define user interface.
10. Define Screen Coordinate system.
The Screen Coordinate system is defined as a 2D device dependent coordinate system
whose origin is usually located at the lower left corner of the graphics display.
11. Define Working Coordinate system.

12. Define Model Coordinate system.

The model Coordinate system is defined as the reference space of the model with respect
to which all the model geometrical data is stored.
13. Define DBMS.

14. What is the function of an Application programmer?

15. What is the basic function of CAD/CAM software?

CAD/CAM has been utilized in engineering practice in many ways including drafting,
design, simulation, analysis and manufacturing.CAD/CAM systems are daily used in
engineering tasks.
Part B
1. Define a Database. Describe the popular database models that are available with neat
sketch.
2. Write notes on Working Coordinate System with neat sketch.
3. Write notes on
a) Model Coordinate System
b) Screen Coordinate system.
4. Write notes on Software module with neat sketch.
 5. Write the procedure to make the CAD/CAM software to be used efficiently.
6. Explain the concept of Modeling and Viewing with help of an example.

UNIT-3
Part A
1. Define Solid Model.
Solid models are known to be complete, valid, and unambiguous representations of
objects. Complete solid which enables a point in space to be classified relative to the
object, inside or outside on the object.
2. State few advantages of Solid Model.
3. List few commonly used primitives that can be combined to form a desired solid.
The commonly used primitives are block, cylinder, cone, sphere, wedge and torus.
4. How a torus is generated?
The torus is generated by the revolution of a circle about an axis lying in its plane ZL axis.
5. List the possible properties that a solid model should capture mathematically.
The possible properties that a solid model should capture mathematically are Rigidity,
Homogenous three dimensionality, Finiteness and finite describability, Closure under
rigid motion and regularized Boolean operations, Boundary determinism.
6. List few commercially available solid modelers.

7. Draw the types of solid modelling algorithms used to represent a solid modeling
8. What is meant by Boundary representation?
Boundary representation is one of the most popular and widely used schemes to create
solid models of physical objects and that an object is bounded by set of faces.
9. What is the use of CSG model?
Constructive solid geometry is based on the topological notion that a physical object can
be divided into set of primitives that can be combined in a certain order of following set
of rules to form the object.

10. What is meant by ASM?

11. List the solid modeling based applications.

12. List the various solid manipulation techniques.
The various manipulations are 1) displaying 2) evaluating points, curves and surfaces on
solids 3) segmentation 4) trimming and intersection 5) transformation and 6) Editing.
13. What is meant by sweep operation in solid modelling?
Sweep is based on the notion of moving a point, curve, or surface along a given path and
are useful in creating solid modelers of 21/2D objects.
14. What is IGES?
 Initial Graphics Exchange Specification is the first standard exchange format developed
to address the concept of communicating product data among dissimilar CAD/CAM
systems.
15. How will you test IGES file.

PART-B
1. Explain the concept of Solid representation bringing out the desired properties of Solid
model and properties of representation schemes which determines their usefulness in
geometric modeling.
2. What is meant by half- space? How can you create a solid fillet using unbounded half-
spaces?
3. What is meant by Solid modelers? Draw the architecture of a typical solid modeler and
explain the various types of solid modelers based on their GMS.
4. Briefly explain various solid manipulations.
5. What is meant by sweep representation? Explain the Basic elements and building
operations of Sweep Representation.
6. Write short notes on PDES exchange for product data.

UNIT-4

PART-A
1. What is visualization?
Visualization has always been recognized as the most effective way to communicate new
ideas among engineers and designers and the ability to provide their users with visual
displays of models and scenes they create.
2. List the uses of Visualization in in geometric modeling.

3. State few applications of visualization.

4. What is meant by minimax test?

This test is also called overlap test which provides a quick method to determine if two
polygons do not overlap.
5. What is meant by containment test?
 The containment test determines whether a given point lies inside a given polygon or
polyhedron. There are three methods to compute containment or surroundedness.
6. What is meant by surface test?
The basic idea of the test is that faces whose outward normal vector points towards the
viewing eye are visible (face1) while the others are invisible (face2).
7. What is use of Segment comparisons?
This segment comparisons is used to solve the hidden surface problem in the image
space. The techniques covered here are applicable to hidden surface algorithms.
8. What is the use of coherence of a set of data?

9. Define Coherence.
Coherence is measure of how rapidly a scene or its image changes. It describes the extent
to which a scene or its is locally constant.
10. List the various types of coherence?
Edge coherence, Face coherence, Geometric coherence, Frame coherence, Scanline
coherence, Area coherence and Depth coherence.
11. What is meant by hidden solid removal?
The hidden solid removal problem involves the display of solid models with hidden lines
or surfaces removed. This is due to completeness and unambiguity of solid models.
12. What are the benefits of Ray tracing?
The Ray tracing is utilized in solid analysis and mainly used for calculating mass
properties.
13. State the objective of using colors in CAD/CAM.
The use of colors in CAD/CAM has two main objectives. They are
a) Geometric construction
b) Engineering applications
14. What is meant by texture mapping?
Texture mapping is easier to use with 3D objects than 2D mapping. It is a function that
maps the objects spatial coordinates into 3D texture space and uses 3D textures.

PART-B
1. Write notes on
a) Surface test
b) Computing Silhouettes.
2. What is meant by coherence? Explain the various types of Coherence.
3. Write notes on
a) Sorting
b) Edge Interactions.
4. Write notes on
a) Gourand Shading
 b) Phong Shading.
5. What is a color model? Explain various color models with neat sketch.
6. Explain briefly Warnocks algorithm and Z-buffer Algorithm.

UNIT-5
PART-A
1. Define Assembly.
An Assembly is a collection of independent parts. It is important to understand the nature
and structure of dependencies between parts in an assembly to be able to model the
assembly properly.
2. State the requirements that are necessary for assembly modeling.
The assembly requires specifying the spatial and mating relationship between the parts. It
also includes interference checking, mass properties, kinematic and dynamic analysis and
finite element analysis.
3. What is the use of the precedence diagram?

4. What is meant by Liaison sequence analysis?

5. What is meant by basic size?
6. What is meant by normal size?
7. Define allowance.
8. Define tolerance.
The tolerance produces a range of acceptable values for the dimension. If a part size and
shape are not within the maximum and minimum limits defined by the part tolerances,
part is not acceptable and it is rejected.

9. Define a Cross-sectional Area.

10. State the uses of calculating mass property.
Part-B
1. Draw a neat sketch of an Electric clutch assembly and draw assembly tree diagram for
the same.
2. Draw the part hierarchy of the clutch assembly and explain.
3. Draw the mating graph for the clutch assembly and explain.
4. Explain the various types of geometric tolerances.
5. Explain the concept of Mass property calculation in a CAD/CAM system.