(a)(i) PE (for one fall) is mgh 1

= (200 x 10 x 6) 1
= 12 000 J 1
(ii) PE (lost) = KE (on impact) or v = 2gh or s = 2at 1
12000(J) or answer to (i) = mv or v = 2 x 10 x 6 or t = 1.1 s 1
v = 120 or v = gt 1
v = l0.95 or 11 m/s 1
7

(b)(i) (Energy to do) work/mechanical 1

energy to move the pile against resistance/ground forces 1
(Energy to) heat 1
(Energy to) sound (energy chains max 1, first answer only considered.)1
(ii) At impact kinetic energy/ momentum large 1
After impact kinetic energy/ momentum soon zero 1
Kinetic energy change/ momentum change large 1
Slows to rest in very short distance/time 1
KE lost/work = force x distance the pile moves / rate of change of
momentum = force 2
8 (max)

(c) lifting suspension etc/ pile deeper after each hit 1

need more p.e. each time 1
Rising mass gains k.e. 1
All lost at top 1
Power to stop/brake rising mass 1
All lost as heat 1
Efficiency of motor not 100% 1
Lost as heat 1
4 (max)

(d) Greater mass 1

Fall greater distance 1
Use motor to drive mass down/thinner or pointed pile 1
3

(a) Take temperatures before and after heating/ temperature difference

with thermocouple 1
Take the time that the heater is switched on/ time with stopwatch 1
Find in some way the mass of the block and the power of the heater 2
3 (max)

(b) Heat input of heater = heat gained by the block 1

Heat input of heater =200 x 1 50(J) 1
Heat gained by metal =1 x s x 50(J) 1
s = 600 (J/kgK)/ 0.6 (J/gE) 1
4

(c)(i) Outline e.g. 2 metals to suitable meter 1

Essential parts labelled 1
(ii) Temperature difference produces an emf/voltage/current 1
emf/current read by meter as a temperature 1
(iii) Temperature rapidly changing/small changes in temperature 1
 measures high/low/wide range of temperatures 1
Not fragile like mercury in glass /can be made recording/remote
reading / thermometer not removed 1
6 (max)

3 (a) Each reflected angle 85o/10o/170o deviation at each reflection 1

Total deviation 20o /160o 1
2

(b) (Angle of incidence much) greater than the critical angle 1

So total internal reflection occurs 1
2

(c)(i) 1.50 = 1/sin c 1

sin c=0.6667 1
c = 41.8o / 42o 1
(ii) (Angle of incidence is) less than the critical angle 1
Refracted (out into the air)/ not totally internally reflected 1
4 (max)

(d)(i) Light of one colour/ wavelength 1

Light of one frequency 1
(ii) Speed = 4 x l014 x 5 x l0-7 1
= 2 x l08(m/s) 1
(iii) Speed in air/ speed in glass = refractive index 1
Speed in air / speed in glass x 1.50 1
5 (max)

4 (a)(i) Speed of rotation (of the coil/magnet) 1

is faster 1
The number of turns on the coil / number of coils (not transformer) 1
is greater 1
The strength of the magnet / magnetic field 1
is stronger 1
Any other correct factor identified 1
How factor change relates to the emf 1
4 (max)

(ii) The induced emf/current produced by a conductor cutting a

magnetic field 1
induced emf/current also interacts with the magnetic field 1
interaction produces a force which slows/opposes the moving conductor 1

(b)(i) Power input = power output / 400 x 80 = 30 000 x I 1

I = 1.1(A) 1
(ii) Reduce voltage 1
(iii) to value suitable for consumers / 240 V / 110 V 1
Current in these cables much reduced 1
(because) voltage increased 1
Heat = I 2Rt or Power = I2R or heat in cables less 1
6 (max)
 (c)(i) 3.1 (A) at X 1
0.8 (A) at Y 1
(ii) R = 110/any current value 1
R = (110/0.8) = 138 (ohm) 1
(iii) Any attempt at use of I/R formula for parallel resistors 1
1/R = 1/24 + 1/48 1
R = 16 (ohm) 1
(iv) Use of VI or I2R for calculating power 1
= 110 x 4.6/4.62 x 24 1
= 506/508 (W) 1
(v) Use of energy = I 2 Rt / VIt 1
= 30000 / 31000 (J) 1
10 (max)

5 (a) Diagram showing radioactive liquid in pipe, weld and detector in

correct places 1
three labels 1
Where weld thin reading rises 1
Radiation passes more easily through / less absorbed by thinner metal 1
3 (max)

(b)(i) Alpha - none passes through steel 1

Beta - some passes through steel 1
Gamma - most/all passes through steel 1
(ii) Accept either beta or gamma with some reasoning 1

Beta/gamma with clear reason for the choice 1

4 (max)

(c) Any 3 standard precautions which apply to this situation 3

(generally shielding/absorbing, distance, monitoring radiation) 3