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Medieval Rome: Stability and Crisis of a City, 900-1150

Chris Wickham
Published in print: 2014 Published Online: Publisher: Oxford University Press
January 2015 DOI: 10.1093/
ISBN: 9780199684960 eISBN: 9780191765254 acprof:oso/9780199684960.001.0001
Item type: book
This book analyses the history of the city of Rome between 900 and
1150, a period of major changes in the city. It takes the urban economy,
the social history of the different strata of society, the articulation
between the citys regions and the cultural identity of Rome as seen in its
processions, its material culture, its legal transformations and its sense
of the past. These are the underpinnings of a major reinterpretation of
the citys political history in the era of the reform papacy, one of the
greatest crises in Romes history.
The Logic of Political Conflict in Medieval Cities: Italy and the

Southern Low Countries, 1370-1440
Patrick Lantschner
Published in print: 2015 Published Online: April Publisher: Oxford University Press
2015 DOI: 10.1093/
Item type: book
This book traces the logic of urban political conflict in late medieval
Europes most heavily urbanized regions: Italy and the Southern Low
Countries. The fourteenth and fifteenth centuries are often associated
with the increasing consolidation of states, but at the same time
they also saw high levels of political conflict and revolt in cities that
themselves were a lasting heritage of this period. In often radically
different ways, conflict constituted a crucial part of political life in the
six cities studied for this book: Bologna, Florence, and Verona, as well
as Lige, Lille, and Tournai. This book argues that such conflicts, rather
than subverting ordinary political life, were essential features of the
political systems that developed in cities. Conflicts were embedded
in a polycentric political order characterized by multiple political units
and bases of organization, ranging from guilds to external agencies.
Page 1 of 5
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In this multi-faceted and shifting context, late medieval city dwellers
developed particular strategies of legitimating conflict, diverse modes of
behaviour, and various forms of association through which conflict could
be addressed. At the same time, different configurations of these political
units gave rise to distinct systems of conflict which varied from city to
city. Across all these cities, conflict gave rise to a distinct form of political
organizationand represents the nodal point around which this political
and social history of cities is written.
The Politics of Culture in Quattrocento Europe: Ren of Anjou in

Italy
Oren Margolis
Published in print: 2016 Published Online: June Publisher: Oxford University Press
2016 DOI: 10.1093/
Item type: book
This book explores how Ren of Anjou, French prince and exiled king of
Naples (140980) engaged his Italian network in a programme of cultural
politics conducted with an eye towards a return to power in Italy. Built
on a series of original interpretations of humanistic and artistic material
(chiefly neo-Latin literature and illuminated manuscripts of classical
texts), the book is also a case study for a diplomatic approach to
culture. It recasts this source base as a form of high-level communication
for a hyper-literate elite of those who could read the works created by
humanist and artistic agents for their constituent parts: the potent words
or phrases and relevant classical allusions; the channels through which a
given work was commissioned or transmitted; and then the nature of the
network gathered around a political agenda. Works produced by Janus
Pannonius, Giovanni Bellini, and others were crucial to the development
and aggrandizement of the network, which was the foundation of a
power bloc intended to return Ren to power in Naples. After Rens
ultimate military failure in the 145864 Neapolitan war of succession,
his network evolved into a faction opposed to the Italian League and the
state system it sustained. This book poses a challenge to conventional
interpretations of the politics of humanism, and offers a new vision of
the Quattrocento: a century in which the Italian Renaissance began its
takeover of Europe, but in which Renaissance culture was itself shaped
by its European political, social, and diplomatic context.
Page 2 of 5
Grand Narratives
Chris Wickham
in Medieval Rome: Stability and Crisis of a City, 900-1150

January 2015 DOI: 10.1093/
Item type: chapter
This chapter discusses the various accounts that have been attempted of
the history of the city of Rome between 900 and 1150, and the sources
for it. It offers an alternative narrative of Romes history, seen from the
standpoint of the Romans themselves rather than the various powers
who tried to control them from outside and above.
The Countryside and the City

Chris Wickham

January 2015 DOI: 10.1093/
Item type: chapter
This chapter analyses the ownership and settlement patterrns of the

countryside around Rome, the source of its wealth. It argues that Rome
was exceptionally rich in the early Middle Ages because it controlled
the whole of its immediate hinterland via direct property-owning by the
citys churches, leased to the citys elites. Much of Roman hinterland was
exploited for large-scale profit, particularly the vineyards of the citys
suburbs and the salt flats by the coastal countryside.
The Urban Economy

Chris Wickham

January 2015 DOI: 10.1093/
Item type: chapter
Rome was unusually large and unusually economically active by early

medieval standards. Here the vitality of the citys different regions and
the activities of its artisans are analysed. So are the reasons for the citys
failure to develop after 1100 with the speed of northern cities such as
Milan. A model of the urban economy as a whole is proposed.
Page 3 of 5
Urban Aristocracies
Chris Wickham

January 2015 DOI: 10.1093/
Item type: chapter
Rome had a large and complex aristocracy. This chapter discusses its
membership, self-presentation, and articulation, and how it changed,
with an old aristocracy replaced by a new one in the early eleventh
century. It also discusses aristocratic wealth, and compares it with that of
other Italian cities in the same period.
Medium Elites and Church Clienteles: The Society of Romes

Regions in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries
Chris Wickham

January 2015 DOI: 10.1093/
Item type: chapter
In this chapter the regions of Rome are analysed, in particular the three
best-documented regions of the city, Trastevere, Pigna, and Colosseo. In
each, the local elites are described in as much detail as is possible; how
ordinary Romans acted in their regions and in the city as a whole is also
analysed.
The Geography of Ritual and Identity

Chris Wickham

January 2015 DOI: 10.1093/
Item type: chapter
In this chapter how Roman processions and other ritual worked to

construct the continuing spatial identity of Rome as a city is analysed.
In addition, Roman art production, law, and Romes history-writing and
social memory are also discussed, to create a complex picture of the
citys cultural identity.
Page 4 of 5
The Crisis, 10501150
Chris Wickham

January 2015 DOI: 10.1093/
Item type: chapter
This chapter discusses the breakdown in the political and judicial

structures of the city in and after a half-century of upheaval and war
associated with the introduction of the reform papacy. It then takes
readers through the reconstructions of the second quarter of the twelfth
century, the work of popes like Innocent II, and the violent reaction to the
new monarchical papacy which resulted in the creation of the commune
of Rome, the senate, in 11434, the major political break which marks
the end of the book.
Page 5 of 5

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Oxford Scholarship Online

Medieval Rome: Stability and Crisis of a City, 900-1150

The Logic of Political Conflict in Medieval Cities: Italy and the

The Politics of Culture in Quattrocento Europe: Ren of Anjou in

in Medieval Rome: Stability and Crisis of a City, 900-1150

The Countryside and the City

in Medieval Rome: Stability and Crisis of a City, 900-1150

This chapter analyses the ownership and settlement patterrns of the

The Urban Economy

in Medieval Rome: Stability and Crisis of a City, 900-1150

Rome was unusually large and unusually economically active by early

in Medieval Rome: Stability and Crisis of a City, 900-1150

Medium Elites and Church Clienteles: The Society of Romes

in Medieval Rome: Stability and Crisis of a City, 900-1150

The Geography of Ritual and Identity

in Medieval Rome: Stability and Crisis of a City, 900-1150

In this chapter how Roman processions and other ritual worked to

in Medieval Rome: Stability and Crisis of a City, 900-1150

This chapter discusses the breakdown in the political and judicial

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