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Transnational crime technology, increasing mobility of people

and borderless inter-cultural exchange,


provide a facilitative landscape for
criminal networks to operate.
Transnational crimes are crimes that Developing and underdeveloped
have actual or potential effect across countries, including the Philippines, with
national borders and crimes that are their current volatile socio-economic
intrastate but offend fundamental values conditions tend to provide an
of the international community.[1] The environment for criminal elements to
term is commonly used in the law victimize and co-opt many of their poor.
enforcement and academic communities
In light of this, the OSETC, in
. Transnational organized crime (TOC)
consultation with key government
refers specifically to transnational crime
agencies including task forces, councils
carried out by crime organizations.[2]
and committees concerned with
The word transnational describes crimes transnational crime, formulated the
that are not only international (that is, Comprehensive Programme to Combat
crimes that cross borders between Transnational Organized Crime
countries), but crimes that by their (CPCTOC) for the period 2004-2010.
nature involve cross-border transference The CPCTOC, must be viewed in the
as an essential part of the criminal light of the legal framework provided by
activity. Transnational crimes also the Universal Declaration of Human
include crimes that take place in one Rights, Naples Political declaration and
country, but their consequences Global Plan of Action in 1994, the 29th
significantly affect another country and ASEAN Ministerial Meeting in 1996, the
transit countries may also be involved. ASEAN Declaration on Transnational
Examples of transnational crimes Organized Crime in 1997 and other
include: human trafficking, people major relevant international
smuggling, smuggling/trafficking instrumentalities that have been ratified
of goods (such as arms by the country and/or where the
trafficking and drug trafficking and illegal Philippines is a signatory.
animal and plant products and other
Transnational crime, as defined in the
goods prohibited on environmental
program, refers to certain criminal
grounds (e.g. banned ozone depleting
phenomena transcending international
substances), sex
borders, transgressing the laws of
slavery, terrorism offences, torture and a
several states, or having an impact on
partheid.
another country. It covers offenses
Transnational crimes may also be whose inception, prevention and/or
crimes of customary international direct or indirect effects involve more
law or international crimes when than one country. In other words, it is an
committed in certain circumstances. For offense that has an international
example, they may in certain situations dimension and involves crossing of at
constitute crimes against humanity. least one border before, during or after
the fact.

Globalization, open economies and


market, modernization especially There are eleven (11) categories of
advances in Internet and communication transnational crime covered in the
CPCTOC, Each transnational crime is policies and procedures of
defined in the CPCTOC as follows: international partners;

2. Active involvement and


1. Terrorism participation of local government
2. Illegal Drug Trafficking units in the fight against terrorism
3. Trafficking In Persons and transnational crime;
4. Arms Smuggling
5. Money Laundering 3. Establishing a national integrated
6. Sea Piracy information and intelligence
7. Cybercrime
network through a shared central
8. Economic Crime
9. Environmental Crime data base that builds on the
10. Intellectual Property Theft advances of information and
11. Smuggling of Cultural Property communication technology
including linking with the Interpol I-
The Comprehensive Programme to
Combat Transnational Organized 24/7;
Crime (CPCTOC) highlights an
integrated approach to the 4. Simplifying operations systems and
prevention, combat and eradication
establishing focal points for each
of transnational crime, under the
following programme areas for category of transnational crime,
action: both at the national and local
levels;

1. Legislation and policy development; 5. Partnering with civil society for peace
and order, public safety and local
2. Institutional capacity-building and national security;
especially strengthening the law
enforcement agencies, banking and 6. Pursuing judicial reforms;
finance institutions and local
government units; 7. Continuing conduct of strategic
research, case studies on good
3. Strategic research, information practices and cross-country
and intelligence gathering; comparative studies identifying
critical success factors and models
4. International cooperation and to prevent, combat and eradicate
partnership development with critical transnational crime; and
agencies of the international community.
8. Expanding and improving
Some of the more salient strategies international relations, both
contained in the CPCTOC geared
toward attaining the consensus multilateral and bilateral.
vision and broad goals are as
follows:

1. Harmonization of Philippine laws


and ensuring that these are
likewise harmonized with laws,

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