Biology

1 Rajah menunjukkan jenis karbohidrat J, K dan L.

Diagram shows types of carbohydrates. J, K and L

0
J K

0 0 0
L
(a)(i) Namakan jenis karbohiderat J dan K.
Name the type of carbohydrates labelled J and K.

J : ............

K : ........
[2 markah/marks]

(ii) Namakan proses di mana K ditukar kepada L

Name the process where K is converted to L.

....
[1 markah/mark]

(iii) L adalah makanan simpanan dalam sel tumbuhan. Berikan satu contoh L.
L is food storage in plant cell. Give one example of L.

...
[1 markah/mark]

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2 Rajah di bawah menunjukkan peringkat berlainan yang berlaku semasa pembahagian

sel.
Diagram below shows the different stages which take place during cell division.

K L

M N

(a) Namakan pembahagian sel yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah tersebut.

Name the cell division shown in the diagram.

[ 1 markah/mark]

(b) (i) Susunkan peringkat-peringkat dalam rajah tersebut mengikut tertib yang
betul semasa pembahagian sel.
Arrange the stages in the diagram according to the correct sequence of
events during cell division.

[ 2 markah/marks]

(ii) Berdasarkan rajah tersebut, terangkan aktiviti bagi setiap peringkat.

Based on the diagram, describe the behaviour for each stages.
K:

L:

M:

N:
[4 markah/marks]

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(c) Kanser adalah penyakit yang diakibatkan oleh pertumbuhan tisu yang tidak
terkawal. Radioterapi adalah satu cara rawatan kanser dengan menggunakan
radiasi. Terangkan bagaimana kaedah rawatan ini dapat mengawal pertumbuhan
sel-sel kanser.
Cancer is a disease which causes uncontrolled growth of tissues. Radiotherapy
is a method to treat cancer using radiation. Explain how this treatment stops the
growth of cancer cells.

[2 markah/marks]

(d) (i) Pembahagian meiosis terdiri daripada dua pembahagian: Meiosis I dan
Meiosis II. Terdapat banyak perbezaan di antara kedua-dua pembahagian
ini. Berikan dua perbezaan di antara Profasa I dan Profasa II.
Meiosis consists of two separate divisions: Meiosis I and Meiosis II. There
are a lot of differences between both divisions. Name two differences
between Prophase I and Prophase II.

[ 2 markah/marks]

(ii) Terangkan kepentingan mengekalkan bilangan kromosom diploid kepada

organisma.
Explain the significance of maintaining the diploid number of
chromosomes for organism.

[ 1 markah/mark]

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3 Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan sel P dan sel Q dalam suatu peringkat dari jenis pembahagian
sel yang berlainan.
Diagram 3.1 shows cell P and cell Q in a stage of different type of cell division.

Sel P Sel Q
Cell P Cell Q
Rajah 3.1 Diagram 3.1

(a) (i) Nyatakan jenis pembahagian sel pada sel P dan sel Q.
State type of cell division in cell P and cell Q.

Sel P / Cell P:

Sel Q / C ell Q :
[2 markah/marks]

(ii) Nyatakan satu kepentingan bagi pembahagian sel bagi sel P dan sel Q.
State one importance of the cell division in cell P and cell Q.

Sel P / Cell P:

Sel Q / C ell Q :
[2 markah/marks]

(b) Nyatakan satu perbezaan perlakuan kromosom di peringkat sel P dan sel Q.
State one difference between chromosomal behavior at the stage in cell P and
cell Q.
Peringkat sel P Peringkat sel Q
Stage in cell P Stage in cell Q

[1 markah/mark]

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4 Rajah 4 menunjukkan makanan tercerna dibawa dari usus kecil ke hati dan sel badan.
Diagram 4 shows the digested food is being carried from small intestine to the liver and
body cell.

Rajah 4 Diagram 4

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(i) Namakan proses X di vilus.

Name process X at the villus.

____________________________________________________________________
[1 markah/mark]
(ii) Terangkan SATU penyesuaian villus untuk proses di (a)(i).
Explain ONE adaptation of the villus for the process in (a)(i).

____________________________________________________________________
[2 markah/marks]

(b) Salur-salur P dan Q mengangkut makanan tercerna dari villi ke hati dan sel-sel badan
masing-masing. Namakan salur P dan salur Q.
Vessels P and Q transport digested food from the villi to the liver and body cells
respectively. Name vessel P and vessel Q.

P: ____________________________________________________________________

Q: ____________________________________________________________________
[2 markah/marks]

(c) Terangkan apakah yang berlaku pada asid amino yang berlebihan dalam hati.
Explain what happens to the excessive amino acids in the liver.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
[2 markah/marks]

(d) Makanan tercerna digunakan oleh sel-sel badan untuk pertumbuhan, membentuk sebatian
yang kompleks atau komponen struktur sel.
Nyatakan bagaimana lipid, asid amino dan glukosa digunakan dalam sel-sel badan.
Digested food are used by the body cells for growth, to form complex compounds or
structural components.
State how lipids, amino acids and glucose are used in the cell.

Lipid
Lipids: __________________________________________________________________

Asid amino
Amino acids: _____________________________________________________________

Glukosa
Glucose: ________________________________________________________________
[3 markah/marks]

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(e) Terangkan apakah akan berlaku kepada seseorang sekiranya hatinya tidak menerima
insulin yang mencukupi dari pancreas.
Explain what will happen to a person if his liver receives insufficient insulin from the
pancreas.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
[2 markah/marks]

5 Rajah di bawah menunjukkan keratan rentas sehelai daun.

Diagram below shows a cross-section of a leaf.

(a) Namakan bahagian-bahagian yang berlabel K, L, dan M dalam rajah di atas.

Name the parts labelled as K, L and M in diagram above.

K:

L:

M:
[3 markah/marks]

(b) Namakan struktur di mana proses fotosintesis berlaku.

Name the structure where photosynthesis takes place.

[1 markah/marks]

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(c) Nyatakan empat faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar fotosintesis.

State four factors which affect the rate of photosynthesis.

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)
[4 markah/marks]

(d) Rajah di atas menunjukkan peringkat-peringkat fotosintesis yang berlaku dalam

kloroplas.
Diagram above shows the stages of photosynthesis that occur in the chloroplast.

Sun
Cahaya

Light reaction
Tindak balas cahaya

water
Dark reaction air
Tindak balas gelap
Process K
Proses K Gas Y
Gas Y

Hydrogen ion Process L

Ion hidrogen Proses L
Carbon dioxide
Karbon dioxide STAGE 1
Peringkat 1

STAGE 2 Z and water

Peringkat 2 Z dan air

(i) Huraikan bagaimana kenaikan kepekatan cahaya mempengaruhi

penghasilan pada Peringkat 1?
Explain how an increase in light intensity affects the production of Y
in Stage 1?

[2 markah/marks]

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(ii) Huraikan bagaimana kenaikan jumlah karbon dioksida mempengaruhi

penghasilan Z pada Peringkat 2?
Explain how an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide affects the
production of Z in Stage 2?

[ 2 markah/marks]

6. Rajah 6.1 dan Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan bahagian yang berlabel P, Q dan R dalam struktur
respirasi bagi dua organisma yang berbeza.
Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2 show the labeled part P, Q dan R in the respiratory
structures of two different organisms.

Rajah 6.1 / Diagram 6.1

(a) (b)
Rajah 6.2 / Diagram 6.2

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(a) Namakan struktur respirasi bagi organisma dalam Rajah 6.1 dan Rajah 6.2
Name the respiratory structure of the organism in Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2.

Rajah 6.1
Diagram 6.1: __________________________________________________________
Rajah 6.2
Diagram 6.2: __________________________________________________________
[2 markah/marks]

(b) Kenalpasti P dan Q pada Rajah 6.1 (b) dan Rajah 6.2 (b).
Identify P and Q on diagrams 6.1(b) and 6.2(b).
[2 markah/marks]

(c) R adalah komponen penting dalam struktur respirasi bagi organisma dalam Rajah 6.2.
Nyatakan fungsi R
R is an important component in the respiratory structure of the organism in Diagram 6.2.
State the function of R.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
[2 markah/marks]

(d) Terangkan satu penyesuaian bagi struktur pernafasan dalam Rajah 6.1 (b) dan Rajah 6.2 (b)
untuk pertukaran gas yang cekap.
Explain one adaptation of the respiratory structure in Diagram 6.1 (b) and Diagram 6.2
for efficient gaseous exchange.

Diagram 6.1(b) Rajah 6.1 (b) Diagram 6.2 (b) R a j ah 6 . 2 (b)

[2 markah/marks]

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(e) Rajah 6.3 menunjukkan organisma akuatik Amoeba sp. Organisma kecil ini tidak
mempunyai struktur respirasi yang khusus untuk pertukaran gas.
Diagram 6.3 shows an aquatic organism Amoeba sp. This organism is small and does not
has specific respiratory structure for gaseous exchange.

Rajah 6.3 Diagram 6.3

(i) Huraikan bagaimana proses pertukaran gas berlaku dalam organisma ini
Explain how the gaseous exchange process occur in this organism.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
[2 markah/marks]

(ii) Struktur S terlibat dalam proses osmokawalaturan bagi Amoeba. Namakan struktur S.
Structure S involved in osmoregulation of Amoeba sp.Name structure S. Name
structure S.

________________________________________________________________________
[1 markah/mark]

(iii) Amoeba sp. hidup dalam persekitaran air tawar, Huraikan bagaimana struktur S
mengekalkan tekanan osmosis dalam Amoeba sp.
Amoeba sp. lives in a freshwater environment. Explain how structure S maintains the
osmotic pressure in Amoeba sp.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
[3 markah/marks]

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